ID   GGT2_ARATH              Reviewed;         481 AA.
AC   Q9S7E9; B9DH91; Q8LFE9;
DT   21-MAR-2012, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-MAY-2000, sequence version 1.
DT   27-MAR-2024, entry version 153.
DE   RecName: Full=Glutamate--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2;
DE            Short=AtGGT2;
DE            EC=2.6.1.4;
DE   AltName: Full=Alanine aminotransferase GGT2;
DE            EC=2.6.1.2;
DE   AltName: Full=Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase GGT2;
DE            EC=2.6.1.44;
DE   AltName: Full=Alanine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase 2;
DE            EC=2.6.1.-;
GN   Name=GGAT2; Synonyms=AOAT2, GGT2; OrderedLocusNames=At1g70580;
GN   ORFNames=F24J13.15, F5A18.24;
OS   Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC   Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC   Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC   rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE
RP   SPECIFICITY, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, AND BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
RX   PubMed=12529529; DOI=10.1104/pp.011460;
RA   Liepman A.H., Olsen L.J.;
RT   "Alanine aminotransferase homologs catalyze the glutamate:glyoxylate
RT   aminotransferase reaction in peroxisomes of Arabidopsis.";
RL   Plant Physiol. 131:215-227(2003).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=11130712; DOI=10.1038/35048500;
RA   Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S., White O.,
RA   Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y., Buehler E.,
RA   Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W., Chung M.K., Conn L.,
RA   Conway A.B., Conway A.R., Creasy T.H., Dewar K., Dunn P., Etgu P.,
RA   Feldblyum T.V., Feng J.-D., Fong B., Fujii C.Y., Gill J.E., Goldsmith A.D.,
RA   Haas B., Hansen N.F., Hughes B., Huizar L., Hunter J.L., Jenkins J.,
RA   Johnson-Hopson C., Khan S., Khaykin E., Kim C.J., Koo H.L.,
RA   Kremenetskaia I., Kurtz D.B., Kwan A., Lam B., Langin-Hooper S., Lee A.,
RA   Lee J.M., Lenz C.A., Li J.H., Li Y.-P., Lin X., Liu S.X., Liu Z.A.,
RA   Luros J.S., Maiti R., Marziali A., Militscher J., Miranda M., Nguyen M.,
RA   Nierman W.C., Osborne B.I., Pai G., Peterson J., Pham P.K., Rizzo M.,
RA   Rooney T., Rowley D., Sakano H., Salzberg S.L., Schwartz J.R., Shinn P.,
RA   Southwick A.M., Sun H., Tallon L.J., Tambunga G., Toriumi M.J., Town C.D.,
RA   Utterback T., Van Aken S., Vaysberg M., Vysotskaia V.S., Walker M., Wu D.,
RA   Yu G., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C., Davis R.W.;
RT   "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL   Nature 408:816-820(2000).
RN   [3]
RP   GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA   Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA   Town C.D.;
RT   "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT   genome.";
RL   Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN   [4]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA   Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA   Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA   Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA   Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA   Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA   Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA   Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA   Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA   Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA   Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA   Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA   Ecker J.R.;
RT   "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT   genome.";
RL   Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN   [5]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia; TISSUE=Root, and Rosette leaf;
RX   PubMed=19423640; DOI=10.1093/dnares/dsp009;
RA   Iida K., Fukami-Kobayashi K., Toyoda A., Sakaki Y., Kobayashi M., Seki M.,
RA   Shinozaki K.;
RT   "Analysis of multiple occurrences of alternative splicing events in
RT   Arabidopsis thaliana using novel sequenced full-length cDNAs.";
RL   DNA Res. 16:155-164(2009).
RN   [6]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RA   Brover V.V., Troukhan M.E., Alexandrov N.A., Lu Y.-P., Flavell R.B.,
RA   Feldmann K.A.;
RT   "Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL   Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [7]
RP   IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RX   PubMed=17951448; DOI=10.1105/tpc.107.050989;
RA   Reumann S., Babujee L., Ma C., Wienkoop S., Siemsen T., Antonicelli G.E.,
RA   Rasche N., Lueder F., Weckwerth W., Jahn O.;
RT   "Proteome analysis of Arabidopsis leaf peroxisomes reveals novel targeting
RT   peptides, metabolic pathways, and defense mechanisms.";
RL   Plant Cell 19:3170-3193(2007).
RN   [8]
RP   TISSUE SPECIFICITY, GENE FAMILY, AND NOMENCLATURE.
RX   PubMed=12631323; DOI=10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01688.x;
RA   Igarashi D., Miwa T., Seki M., Kobayashi M., Kato T., Tabata S.,
RA   Shinozaki K., Ohsumi C.;
RT   "Identification of photorespiratory glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase
RT   (GGAT) gene in Arabidopsis.";
RL   Plant J. 33:975-987(2003).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Catalyzes the Glu:glyoxylate aminotransferase (GGT),
CC       Ala:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), Ala:2-oxoglutarate
CC       aminotransferase (AKT) and Glu:pyruvate aminotransferase (GPT)
CC       reactions in peroxisomes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12529529}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=2-oxoglutarate + L-alanine = L-glutamate + pyruvate;
CC         Xref=Rhea:RHEA:19453, ChEBI:CHEBI:15361, ChEBI:CHEBI:16810,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, ChEBI:CHEBI:57972; EC=2.6.1.2;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12529529};
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate;
CC         Xref=Rhea:RHEA:24248, ChEBI:CHEBI:15361, ChEBI:CHEBI:36655,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:57305, ChEBI:CHEBI:57972; EC=2.6.1.44;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12529529};
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=2-oxoglutarate + glycine = glyoxylate + L-glutamate;
CC         Xref=Rhea:RHEA:14089, ChEBI:CHEBI:16810, ChEBI:CHEBI:29985,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:36655, ChEBI:CHEBI:57305; EC=2.6.1.4;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12529529};
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=pyridoxal 5'-phosphate; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:597326;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000250};
CC   -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
CC       Kinetic parameters:
CC         KM=3.32 mM for glutamate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12529529};
CC         KM=3.56 mM for alanine {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12529529};
CC         KM=0.14 mM for glyoxylate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12529529};
CC         KM=0.51 mM for 2-oxoglutarate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12529529};
CC         KM=0.36 mM for pyruvate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12529529};
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Photosynthesis; C4 acid pathway.
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Amino-acid degradation; L-alanine degradation via transaminase
CC       pathway; pyruvate from L-alanine: step 1/1.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12529529}.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed at low levels in seedlings, leaves,
CC       flowers, roots, and green siliques. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12529529,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:12631323}.
CC   -!- PTM: The N-terminus is blocked. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent
CC       aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; AF479640; AAN62333.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AC010796; AAG52480.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AC011663; AAG52344.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002684; AEE35082.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002684; AEE35083.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002684; AEE35084.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002684; AEE35085.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AY035130; AAK59635.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AY062982; AAL34156.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AK316788; BAH19506.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AK317441; BAH20108.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AY084890; AAM61453.1; -; mRNA.
DR   PIR; H96729; H96729.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001031262.1; NM_001036185.1.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001031263.1; NM_001036186.2.
DR   RefSeq; NP_177215.1; NM_105726.3.
DR   RefSeq; NP_974122.1; NM_202393.2.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q9S7E9; -.
DR   SMR; Q9S7E9; -.
DR   BioGRID; 28615; 1.
DR   STRING; 3702.Q9S7E9; -.
DR   iPTMnet; Q9S7E9; -.
DR   PaxDb; 3702-AT1G70580-2; -.
DR   ProMEX; Q9S7E9; -.
DR   ProteomicsDB; 224788; -.
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT1G70580.1; AT1G70580.1; AT1G70580.
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT1G70580.2; AT1G70580.2; AT1G70580.
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT1G70580.3; AT1G70580.3; AT1G70580.
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT1G70580.4; AT1G70580.4; AT1G70580.
DR   GeneID; 843395; -.
DR   Gramene; AT1G70580.1; AT1G70580.1; AT1G70580.
DR   Gramene; AT1G70580.2; AT1G70580.2; AT1G70580.
DR   Gramene; AT1G70580.3; AT1G70580.3; AT1G70580.
DR   Gramene; AT1G70580.4; AT1G70580.4; AT1G70580.
DR   KEGG; ath:AT1G70580; -.
DR   Araport; AT1G70580; -.
DR   TAIR; AT1G70580; AOAT2.
DR   eggNOG; KOG0258; Eukaryota.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_014254_3_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q9S7E9; -.
DR   OMA; IGDPNLF; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 5472891at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q9S7E9; -.
DR   BioCyc; ARA:AT1G70580-MONOMER; -.
DR   BioCyc; MetaCyc:AT1G70580-MONOMER; -.
DR   BRENDA; 2.6.1.44; 399.
DR   SABIO-RK; Q9S7E9; -.
DR   UniPathway; UPA00322; -.
DR   UniPathway; UPA00528; UER00586.
DR   PRO; PR:Q9S7E9; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 1.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; Q9S7E9; baseline and differential.
DR   GO; GO:0009507; C:chloroplast; HDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0009570; C:chloroplast stroma; HDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; HDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0005739; C:mitochondrion; HDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0005777; C:peroxisome; IDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0008453; F:alanine-glyoxylate transaminase activity; IDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0047958; F:glycine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity; IDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0004021; F:L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity; IDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0003729; F:mRNA binding; IDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0030170; F:pyridoxal phosphate binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0009058; P:biosynthetic process; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0042853; P:L-alanine catabolic process; IEA:UniProtKB-UniPathway.
DR   CDD; cd00609; AAT_like; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.287.1970; -; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.90.1150.10; Aspartate Aminotransferase, domain 1; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.40.640.10; Type I PLP-dependent aspartate aminotransferase-like (Major domain); 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR045088; ALAT1/2-like.
DR   InterPro; IPR004839; Aminotransferase_I/II.
DR   InterPro; IPR015424; PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase.
DR   InterPro; IPR015421; PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major.
DR   InterPro; IPR015422; PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_small.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11751; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11751:SF373; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE-RELATED; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00155; Aminotran_1_2; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF53383; PLP-dependent transferases; 1.
DR   Genevisible; Q9S7E9; AT.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Aminotransferase; Peroxisome; Pyridoxal phosphate; Reference proteome;
KW   Transferase.
FT   CHAIN           1..481
FT                   /note="Glutamate--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000416041"
FT   MOTIF           479..481
FT                   /note="Peroxisomal targeting signal"
FT   MOD_RES         291
FT                   /note="N6-(pyridoxal phosphate)lysine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   CONFLICT        37
FT                   /note="G -> C (in Ref. 6; AAM61453)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        118
FT                   /note="E -> D (in Ref. 6; AAM61453)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        318
FT                   /note="Y -> H (in Ref. 5; BAH20108)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ   SEQUENCE   481 AA;  53444 MW;  A00D1D49157021FA CRC64;
     MSLKALDYES LNENVKNCQY AVRGELYLRA SELQKEGKKI IFTNVGNPHA LGQKPLTFPR
     QVVSLCQAPF LLDDPNVGMI FPADAIARAK HYLSLTSGGL GAYSDSRGLP GVRKEVAEFI
     ERRDGYPSDP ELIFLTDGAS KGVMQILNCV IRGQKDGILV PVPQYPLYSA TISLLGGTLV
     PYYLEESENW GLDVNNLRQS VAQARSQGIT VRAMVIINPG NPTGQCLSEA NIREILRFCC
     DERLVLLGDE VYQQNIYQDE RPFISSKKVL MDMGAPISKE VQLISFHTVS KGYWGECGQR
     GGYFEMTNIP PRTVEEIYKV ASIALSPNVS AQIFMGLMVS PPKPGDISYD QFVRESKGIL
     ESLRRRARMM TDGFNSCKNV VCNFTEGAMY SFPQIKLPSK AIQAAKQAGK VPDVFYCLKL
     LEATGISTVP GSGFGQKEGV FHLRTTILPA EEEMPEIMDS FKKFNDEFMS QYADNFGYSR
     M
//