Q9RLU5 (ALR_LACLM) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Alanine racemase
EC=5.1.1.1

Gene names

Name:	alr
Ordered Locus Names:	llmg_1704

Organism

Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (strain MG1363) [Complete proteome] [HAMAP]

Taxonomic identifier

416870 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Bacteria › Firmicutes › Lactobacillales › Streptococcaceae › Lactococcus

Protein attributes

Sequence length	367 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Provides the D-alanine required for cell wall biosynthesis By similarity. HAMAP MF_01201
Catalytic activity	L-alanine = D-alanine. HAMAP MF_01201
Cofactor	Pyridoxal phosphate By similarity. HAMAP MF_01201
Pathway	Amino-acid biosynthesis; D-alanine biosynthesis; D-alanine from L-alanine: step 1/1. HAMAP MF_01201 Cell wall biogenesis; peptidoglycan biosynthesis. HAMAP MF_01201
Biotechnological use	Homoalanine fermentation combined with the disruption of the alr gene allowed the industrial and stereospecific production (>99%) of L-alanine, which is used as a food sweetener and for pharmaceutical applications. HAMAP MF_01201
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the alanine racemase family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Cell shape Cell wall biogenesis/degradation Peptidoglycan synthesis
Ligand	Pyridoxal phosphate
Molecular function	Isomerase
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	alanine metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro cellular cell wall organization Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW peptidoglycan biosynthetic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW regulation of cell shape Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular function	alanine racemase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 367	367	Alanine racemase HAMAP MF_01201		PRO_0000114527
Sites
	Active site	40	1	Proton acceptor; specific for D-alanine By similarity
	Active site	263	1	Proton acceptor; specific for L-alanine By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	40	1	N6-(pyridoxal phosphate)lysine By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q9RLU5 [UniParc]. Last modified March 5, 2002. Version 2. Checksum: B6DE1496315FA814	FASTA	367	40,677
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKTSPHRNTS AIVDLKAIRN NIEKFKKHIN PNAEIWPAVK ADAYGHGSIE VSKAVSDLVG 70 80 90 100 110 120 GFCVSNLDEA IELRNHLVTK PILVLSGIVP EDVDIAAALN ISLTAPSLEW LKLVVQEEAE 130 140 150 160 170 180 LSDLKIHIGV DSGMGRIGIR DVEEANQMIE LADKYAINFE GIFTHFATAD MADETKFKNQ 190 200 210 220 230 240 QARFNKIMAG LSRQPKFIHS TNTAAALWHK EQVQAIERLG ISMYGLNPSG KTLELPFEIE 250 260 270 280 290 300 PALSLVSELT HIKKIAAGET VGYGATYETS EETWIGTVPI GYADGWTRQM QGFKVLVDGK 310 320 330 340 350 360 FCEIVGRVCM DQMMIKLDKS YPLGTKVTLI GRDKANEITT TDVADWRGTI NYEVLCLLSD RIKRIYK

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Conversion of Lactococcus lactis from homolactic to homoalanine fermentation through metabolic engineering." Hols P., Kleerebezem M., Schank A.N., Ferain T., Hugenholtz J., Delcour J., De Vos W.M. Nat. Biotechnol. 17:588-592(1999) [PubMed: 10385325] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[2]	"The complete genome sequence of the lactic acid bacterial paradigm Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363." Wegmann U., O'Connell-Motherway M., Zomer A., Buist G., Shearman C., Canchaya C., Ventura M., Goesmann A., Gasson M.J., Kuipers O.P., van Sinderen D., Kok J. J. Bacteriol. 189:3256-3270(2007) [PubMed: 17307855] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: MG1363.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	Y18148 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB56755.2. AM406671 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAL98277.1.
RefSeq	YP_001032982.1. NC_009004.1.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q9RLU5.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	Q9RLU5.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
GeneID	4796695.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus llmg_1704 in contig AM406671_GR.
KEGG	llm:llmg_1704.
PATRIC	22284585. VBILacLac4574_1747.
Organism-specific databases
CMR	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG0787.
HOGENOM	HBG712172.
OMA	TRKEDAN.
ProtClustDB	PRK00053.
Family and domain databases
HAMAP	MF_01201. Ala_racemase. [Tree]
InterPro	IPR000821. Ala_racemase. IPR009006. Ala_racemase/Decarboxylase_C. IPR011079. Ala_racemase_C. IPR001608. Ala_racemase_N. IPR020622. Ala_racemase_pyridoxalP-BS. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:2.40.37.10. Ala_racemase/Decarboxylase_C. 1 hit.
KO	K01775.
Pfam	PF00842. Ala_racemase_C. 1 hit. PF01168. Ala_racemase_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00992. ALARACEMASE.
SMART	SM01005. Ala_racemase_C. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF50621. Racem_decarbox_C. 1 hit.
TIGRFAMs	TIGR00492. Alr. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS00395. ALANINE_RACEMASE. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

ALR_LACLM

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9RLU5
Secondary accession number(s): A2RLV4

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	March 5, 2002
Last sequence update:	March 5, 2002
Last modified:	January 25, 2012
This is version 67 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Prokaryotic Protein Annotation Program