Q9R194 (CRY2_MOUSE) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 95.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Cryptochrome-2 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 10090 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 592 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Blue light-dependent regulator of the circadian feedback loop. Inhibits CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL E box-mediated transcription. Acts, in conjunction with CRY2, in maintaining period length and circadian rhythmicity. Has no photolyase activity. Capable of translocating circadian clock core proteins such as PER proteins to the nucleus. May inhibit CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL transcriptional activity through stabilizing the unphosphorylated form of ARNTL. Ref.1 Ref.10 |
| Cofactor | Binds 1 FAD per subunit By similarity. Binds 1 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate non-covalently per subunit By similarity. |
| Subunit structure | Component of the circadian core oscillator, which includes the CRY proteins, CLOCK or NPAS2, ARNTL or ARNTL2, CSNK1E, TIMELESS, and the PER proteins. Interacts directly with TIMELESS, PER1, PER2 and PER3. Interacts with NFIL3. Interaction with PER2 inhibits its ubiquitination and vice versa. Interacts with FBXL3 and FBXL21. Ref.1 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15 Ref.16 |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note: Translocated to the nucleus through interaction with other Clock proteins such as PER2 or ARNTL. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.13 |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in all tissues examined including heart, brain, spleen, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and testis. Weak expression in spleen. Ref.5 Ref.6 |
| Induction | Shows no clear circadian oscillation pattern in testis, cerebellum nor liver. In skeletal muscle, under constant darkness and 12 hours light:12 hours dark conditions, levels peak between ZT6 and ZT9. Ref.1 Ref.6 |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylation on Ser-265 by MAPK is important for the inhibition of CLOCK-ARNTL-mediated transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation by CSKNE requires interaction with PER1 or PER2. Phosphorylated in a circadian manner at Ser-553 and Ser-557 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and liver. Phosphorylation at Ser-557 by DYRK1A promotes subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-553 by GSK3-beta: the two-step phosphorylation at the neighboring Ser residues leads to its proteasomal degradation. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.14 Ubiquitinated by the SCF(FBXL3) and SCF(FBXL21) complexes, regulating the balance between degradation and stabilization. The SCF(FBXL3) complex is mainly nuclear and mediates ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of CRY2. In contrast, cytoplasmic SCF(FBXL21) complex-mediated ubiquitination leads to stabilize CRY2 and counteract the activity of the SCF(FBXL3) complex. The SCF(FBXL3) and SCF(FBXL21) complexes probably mediate ubiquitination at different Lys residues. The SCF(FBXL3) complex recognizes and binds CRY2 phosphorylated at Ser-553 and Ser-557. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.14 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the DNA photolyase class-1 family. Contains 1 photolyase/cryptochrome alpha/beta domain. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arntl | Q9WTL8 | 6 | EBI-1266619,EBI-644534 | |
| Fbxl3 | Q8C4V4 | 3 | EBI-1266619,EBI-1266589 | |
| Per2 | O54943 | 3 | EBI-1266619,EBI-1266779 |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 592 | 592 | Cryptochrome-2 | PRO_0000261149 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 21 – 150 | 130 | Photolyase/cryptochrome alpha/beta | ||||||
| Region | 229 – 506 | 278 | FAD-binding | ||||||
| Region | 389 – 488 | 100 | Required for inhibition of CLOCK-ARNTL-mediated transcription By similarity | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 2 – 5 | 4 | Poly-Ala | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 265 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by MAPK Ref.7 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 553 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by GSK3-beta Ref.14 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 557 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by DYRK1A and MAPK Ref.7 Ref.9 Ref.14 | ||||||
| Cross-link | 125 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin) Ref.16 | |||||||
| Cross-link | 241 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin) Ref.16 | |||||||
| Cross-link | 347 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin) Ref.16 | |||||||
| Cross-link | 474 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin) Ref.16 | |||||||
| Cross-link | 503 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin) Ref.16 | |||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 265 | 1 | S → A: Reduced in vitro MAPK-catalyzed phosphorylation. No effect on inhibition of CLOCK-ARNTL-mediated transcriptional activity. Very little in vitro MAPK-catalyzed phosphorylation; when associated with A-557. Ref.7 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 265 | 1 | S → D: Reduced inhibition of CLOCK-ARNTL-mediated transcriptional activity. No effect on nuclear localization nor on protein stability. Ref.7 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 501 | 1 | R → Q: Inhibits interaction with PER2. Does not suppress its nuclear localization. Inhibits its repression activity on CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL-driven transcription. Ref.13 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 503 | 1 | K → R: Inhibits interaction with PER2. Does not suppress its nuclear localization. Inhibits its repression activity on CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL-driven transcription. Ref.13 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 553 | 1 | S → A: Shorter circadian rhythm; when associated with A-557. Ref.14 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 557 | 1 | S → A: Reduced in vitro MAPK-catalyzed phosphorylation. No effect on inhibition of CLOCK-ARNTL-mediated transcriptional activity. Very little in vitro MAPK-catalyzed phosphorylation; when associated with A-265. Shorter circadian rhythm; when associated with A-553. Ref.7 Ref.14 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 557 | 1 | S → D: Reduced inhibition of CLOCK-ARNTL-mediated transcriptional activity. No effect on nuclear localization nor on protein stability. Ref.7 Ref.14 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 191 – 192 | 2 | QQ → SR in BAA19864. Ref.5 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 202 | 1 | E → K in BAA19864. Ref.5 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 327 | 1 | M → V in BAA19864. Ref.5 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "mCRY1 and mCRY2 are essential components of the negative limb of the circadian clock feedback loop." Kume K., Zylka M.J., Sriram S., Shearman L.P., Weaver D.R., Jin X., Maywood E.S., Hastings M.H., Reppert S.M. Cell 98:193-205(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INDUCTION, INTERACTION WITH PER1; PER2; PER3 AND TIMELESS. Strain: C57BL/6. |
| [2] | "The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome." Carninci P., Kasukawa T., Katayama S., Gough J., Frith M.C., Maeda N., Oyama R., Ravasi T., Lenhard B., Wells C., Kodzius R., Shimokawa K., Bajic V.B., Brenner S.E., Batalov S., Forrest A.R., Zavolan M., Davis M.J. Hayashizaki Y.Science 309:1559-1563(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: C57BL/6J. Tissue: Embryo, Fetal brain and Thymus. |
| [3] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: C57BL/6 and CD-1. Tissue: Brain and Neural stem cell. |
| [4] | "Prediction of the coding sequences of mouse homologues of KIAA gene: IV. The complete nucleotide sequences of 500 mouse KIAA-homologous cDNAs identified by screening of terminal sequences of cDNA clones randomly sampled from size-fractionated libraries." Okazaki N., Kikuno R., Ohara R., Inamoto S., Koseki H., Hiraoka S., Saga Y., Seino S., Nishimura M., Kaisho T., Hoshino K., Kitamura H., Nagase T., Ohara O., Koga H. DNA Res. 11:205-218(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 9-592. Tissue: Fetal brain. |
| [5] | "Characterization of photolyase/blue-light receptor homologs in mouse and human cells." Kobayashi K., Kanno S., Smit B., van der Horst G.T.J., Takao M., Yasui A. Nucleic Acids Res. 26:5086-5092(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 24-592, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. Tissue: Liver. |
| [6] | "Circadian regulation of cryptochrome genes in the mouse." Miyamoto Y., Sancar A. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 71:238-243(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION. |
| [7] | "Serine phosphorylation of mCRY1 and mCRY2 by mitogen-activated protein kinase." Sanada K., Harada Y., Sakai M., Todo T., Fukada Y. Genes Cells 9:697-708(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH MAPK, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-265 AND SER-557, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-265 AND SER-557. |
| [8] | "The circadian regulatory proteins BMAL1 and cryptochromes are substrates of casein kinase Iepsilon." Eide E.J., Vielhaber E.L., Hinz W.A., Virshup D.M. J. Biol. Chem. 277:17248-17254(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH PER1 AND PER2, PHOSPHORYLATION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [9] | "Ser-557-phosphorylated mCRY2 is degraded upon synergistic phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta." Harada Y., Sakai M., Kurabayashi N., Hirota T., Fukada Y. J. Biol. Chem. 280:31714-31721(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-557, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [10] | "Post-translational regulation of circadian transcriptional CLOCK(NPAS2)/BMAL1 complex by CRYPTOCHROMES." Kondratov R.V., Kondratova A.A., Lee C., Gorbacheva V.Y., Chernov M.V., Antoch M.P. Cell Cycle 5:890-895(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH CLOCK-ARNTL COMPLEX, FUNCTION. |
| [11] | "The negative transcription factor E4BP4 is associated with circadian clock protein PERIOD2." Ohno T., Onishi Y., Ishida N. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 354:1010-1015(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH NFIL3. |
| [12] | "Circadian mutant Overtime reveals F-box protein FBXL3 regulation of cryptochrome and period gene expression." Siepka S.M., Yoo S.H., Park J., Song W., Kumar V., Hu Y., Lee C., Takahashi J.S. Cell 129:1011-1023(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH FBXL3, UBIQUITINATION. |
| [13] | "Identification of two amino acids in the C-terminal domain of mouse CRY2 essential for PER2 interaction." Ozber N., Baris I., Tatlici G., Gur I., Kilinc S., Unal E.B., Kavakli I.H. BMC Mol. Biol. 11:69-69(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ARNTL AND PER2, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-501 AND LYS-503. |
| [14] | "DYRK1A and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, a dual-kinase mechanism directing proteasomal degradation of CRY2 for circadian timekeeping." Kurabayashi N., Hirota T., Sakai M., Sanada K., Fukada Y. Mol. Cell. Biol. 30:1757-1768(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-553 AND SER-557, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-553 AND SER-557. |
| [15] | "Competing E3 ubiquitin ligases govern circadian periodicity by degradation of CRY in nucleus and cytoplasm." Yoo S.H., Mohawk J.A., Siepka S.M., Shan Y., Huh S.K., Hong H.K., Kornblum I., Kumar V., Koike N., Xu M., Nussbaum J., Liu X., Chen Z., Chen Z.J., Green C.B., Takahashi J.S. Cell 152:1091-1105(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: UBIQUITINATION BY THE SCF(FBXL3) AND SCF(FBXL21) COMPLEXES, INTERACTION WITH FBXL3 AND FBXL21. |
| [16] | "FBXL21 regulates oscillation of the circadian clock through ubiquitination and stabilization of cryptochromes." Hirano A., Yumimoto K., Tsunematsu R., Matsumoto M., Oyama M., Kozuka-Hata H., Nakagawa T., Lanjakornsiripan D., Nakayama K.I., Fukada Y. Cell 152:1106-1118(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: UBIQUITINATION BY THE SCF(FBXL3) AND SCF(FBXL21) COMPLEXES, UBIQUITINATION AT LYS-125; LYS-241; LYS-347; LYS-474 AND LYS-503, INTERACTION WITH FBXL3 AND FBXL21. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AF156987 mRNA. Translation: AAD46561.1. AK041696 mRNA. Translation: BAC31037.1. AK133781 mRNA. Translation: BAE21836.1. BC054794 mRNA. Translation: AAH54794.1. BC066799 mRNA. Translation: AAH66799.1. AK172994 mRNA. Translation: BAD32272.1. AB003433 mRNA. Translation: BAA19864.1. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00128234. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_001106804.1. NM_001113333.1. NP_034093.1. NM_009963.4. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UniGene | Mm.254181. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
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| ProteinModelPortal | Q9R194. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMR | Q9R194. Positions 21-507. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DIP | DIP-38517N. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IntAct | Q9R194. 12 interactions. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| STRING | 10090.ENSMUSP00000106909. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | Q9R194. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PaxDb | Q9R194. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PRIDE | Q9R194. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSMUST00000090559; ENSMUSP00000088047; ENSMUSG00000068742. ENSMUST00000111278; ENSMUSP00000106909; ENSMUSG00000068742. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GeneID | 12953. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| KEGG | mmu:12953. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CTD | 1408. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MGI | MGI:1270859. Cry2. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rouge | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| eggNOG | COG0415. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GeneTree | ENSGT00500000044813. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOGENOM | HOG000245622. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG053470. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InParanoid | Q9R194. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| KO | K02295. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OMA | LCKHLLI. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OrthoDB | EOG4VT5WZ. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Enzyme and pathway databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reactome | REACT_109335. Circadian Clock. REACT_24972. Circadian Clock (mouse). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | Q9R194. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bgee | Q9R194. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CleanEx | MM_CRY2. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | Q9R194. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSMUSG00000068742. Mus musculus. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gene3D | 3.40.50.620. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR006050. DNA_photolyase_N. IPR005101. Photolyase_FAD-bd/Cryptochr_C. IPR014729. Rossmann-like_a/b/a_fold. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF00875. DNA_photolyase. 1 hit. PF03441. FAD_binding_7. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SUPFAM | SSF52425. DNA_photolyase_N. 1 hit. SSF48173. Photolyase_FAD-bd/Cryptochr_C. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS00394. DNA_PHOTOLYASES_1_1. False negative. PS51645. PHR_CRY_ALPHA_BETA. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NextBio | 282666. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | CRY2_MOUSE | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9R194 Secondary accession number(s): O08706, Q6A024 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| MGD cross-references Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
