Q9NZJ5 (E2AK3_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 128.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 EC=2.7.11.1 Alternative name(s): PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase Pancreatic eIF2-alpha kinase Short name=HsPEK | ||||
| Gene names |
| ||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 1116 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2 (EIF2), leading to its inactivation and thus to a rapid reduction of translational initiation and repression of global protein synthesis. Serves as a critical effector of unfolded protein response (UPR)-induced G1 growth arrest due to the loss of cyclin-D1 (CCND1) By similarity. |
| Catalytic activity | ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. |
| Enzyme regulation | Perturbation in protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promotes reversible dissociation from HSPA5/BIP and oligomerization, resulting in transautophosphorylation and kinase activity induction By similarity. |
| Subunit structure | Forms dimers with HSPA5/BIP in resting cells. Oligomerizes in ER-stressed cells. Interacts with DNAJC3 By similarity. |
| Subcellular location | Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. |
| Tissue specificity | Ubiquitous. A high level expression is seen in secretory tissues. |
| Induction | By endoplasmic reticulum stress. |
| Domain | The lumenal domain senses perturbations in protein folding in the ER, probably through reversible interaction with HSPA5/BIP By similarity. |
| Post-translational modification | Oligomerization of the N-terminal ER luminal domain by ER stress promotes PERK trans-autophosphorylation of the C-terminal cytoplasmic kinase domain at multiple residues including Thr-982 on the kinase activation loop By similarity. Autophosphorylated. Phosphorylated at Tyr-619 following endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to activate its tyrosine-protein kinase activity. Dephosphorylated by PTPN1/TP1B, leading to inactivate its enzyme activity. Ref.8 N-glycosylated By similarity. ADP-ribosylated by PARP16 upon ER stress, which increases kinase activity. |
| Involvement in disease | Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS) [MIM:226980]: A rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by permanent neonatal or early infancy insulin-dependent diabetes and, at a later age, epiphyseal dysplasia, osteoporosis, growth retardation and other multisystem manifestations, such as hepatic and renal dysfunctions, mental retardation and cardiovascular abnormalities. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GCN2 subfamily. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| itself | 2 | EBI-766076,EBI-766076 |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecule processing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – 29 | 29 | Potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chain | 30 – 1116 | 1087 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 | PRO_0000024322 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Topological domain | 30 – 514 | 485 | Lumenal Potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transmembrane | 515 – 535 | 21 | Helical; Potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Topological domain | 536 – 1116 | 581 | Cytoplasmic Potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domain | 593 – 1077 | 485 | Protein kinase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 599 – 607 | 9 | ATP By similarity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compositional bias | 49 – 52 | 4 | Poly-Ala | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sites | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Active site | 937 | 1 | Proton acceptor By similarity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Binding site | 622 | 1 | ATP By similarity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 619 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 715 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 982 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 1094 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 258 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural variations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 136 | 1 | S → C. Ref.3 Ref.11 Corresponds to variant rs867529 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_011409 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 166 | 1 | Q → R. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.6 Corresponds to variant rs13045 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_011410 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 566 | 1 | D → V. Ref.11 | VAR_040477 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 588 | 1 | R → Q in WRS; in a Pakistani family; probable complete loss of activity. Ref.3 | VAR_011408 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 704 | 1 | A → S. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.6 Corresponds to variant rs1805165 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_011411 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 716 | 1 | P → L. Ref.11 | VAR_040478 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental info | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 14 | 1 | Missing in AAD19961. Ref.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 14 | 1 | Missing in AAF61199. Ref.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 14 | 1 | Missing in AAF91480. Ref.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 14 | 1 | Missing in BAG37696. Ref.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 14 | 1 | Missing in AAI26357. Ref.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 490 | 1 | N → H in AAF61199. Ref.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary structure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 588 – 592 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 593 – 601 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 606 – 612 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 613 – 615 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 618 – 626 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 630 – 643 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 654 – 660 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 882 – 889 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 896 – 901 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 906 – 908 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 911 – 930 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 940 – 942 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 943 – 945 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 951 – 953 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 993 – 996 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 1004 – 1018 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 1024 – 1035 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 1041 – 1046 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 1048 – 1057 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 1062 – 1064 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 1068 – 1072 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 1075 – 1077 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Characterization of a mutant pancreatic eIF-2alpha kinase, PEK, and co-localization with somatostatin in islet delta cells." Shi Y., An J., Liang J., Hayes S.E., Sandusky G.E., Stramm L.E., Yang N.N. J. Biol. Chem. 274:5723-5730(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], CHARACTERIZATION, VARIANTS ARG-166 AND SER-704. Tissue: Liver, Pancreas and Testis. |
| [2] | "Pancreatic eukaryotic initiation factor-2alpha kinase (PEK) homologues in humans, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans that mediate translational control in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress." Sood R., Porter A.C., Ma K., Quilliam L.A., Wek R.C. Biochem. J. 346:281-293(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], CHARACTERIZATION, VARIANTS ARG-166 AND SER-704. Tissue: Brain and Pancreas. |
| [3] | "EIF2AK3, encoding translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3, is mutated in patients with Wolcott-Rallison syndrome." Delepine M., Nicolino M., Barrett T., Golamaully M., Lathrop G.M., Julier C. Nat. Genet. 25:406-409(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT WRS GLN-588, VARIANT CYS-136. |
| [4] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain. |
| [5] | "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4." Hillier L.W., Graves T.A., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Pepin K.H., Minx P., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L., Nash W.E., Kremitzki C., Oddy L., Du H. Wilson R.K.Nature 434:724-731(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANTS ARG-166 AND SER-704. |
| [7] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis." Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L., Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S., Mann M. Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-715, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [8] | "H2s-induced sulfhydration of the phosphatase PTP1B and its role in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response." Krishnan N., Fu C., Pappin D.J., Tonks N.K. Sci. Signal. 4:RA86-RA86(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT TYR-619, DEPHOSPHORYLATION AT TYR-619. |
| [9] | "System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation." Rigbolt K.T., Prokhorova T.A., Akimov V., Henningsen J., Johansen P.T., Kratchmarova I., Kassem M., Mann M., Olsen J.V., Blagoev B. Sci. Signal. 4:RS3-RS3(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1094, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [10] | "PARP16 is a tail-anchored endoplasmic reticulum protein required for the PERK-and IRE1alpha-mediated unfolded protein response." Jwa M., Chang P. Nat. Cell Biol. 14:1223-1230(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ADP-RIBOSYLATION BY PARP16. |
| [11] | "Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes." Greenman C., Stephens P., Smith R., Dalgliesh G.L., Hunter C., Bignell G., Davies H., Teague J., Butler A., Stevens C., Edkins S., O'Meara S., Vastrik I., Schmidt E.E., Avis T., Barthorpe S., Bhamra G., Buck G. Stratton M.R.Nature 446:153-158(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] CYS-136; VAL-566 AND LEU-716. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AF110146 mRNA. Translation: AAD19961.1. AF193339 mRNA. Translation: AAF61199.1. AF284615 AF284614 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF91480.1.AK315287 mRNA. Translation: BAG37696.1. AC062029 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAY14777.1. AC104134 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAY24331.1. BC126354 mRNA. Translation: AAI26355.1. BC126356 mRNA. Translation: AAI26357.1. | ||||||||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00303053. | ||||||||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_004827.4. NM_004836.5. | ||||||||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.591589. | ||||||||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
| ||||||||||||||||||
| ProteinModelPortal | Q9NZJ5. | ||||||||||||||||||
| SMR | Q9NZJ5. Positions 588-660, 830-1112. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| IntAct | Q9NZJ5. 4 interactions. | ||||||||||||||||||
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000307235. | ||||||||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | Q9NZJ5. | ||||||||||||||||||
Polymorphism databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| DMDM | 296439367. | ||||||||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| PaxDb | Q9NZJ5. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PRIDE | Q9NZJ5. | ||||||||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000303236; ENSP00000307235; ENSG00000172071. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GeneID | 9451. | ||||||||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:9451. | ||||||||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc002stc.4. human. | ||||||||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| CTD | 9451. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC02M088758. | ||||||||||||||||||
| H-InvDB | HIX0023925. HIX0030379. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:3255. EIF2AK3. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HPA | CAB009204. HPA015737. | ||||||||||||||||||
| MIM | 226980. phenotype. 604032. gene. | ||||||||||||||||||
| neXtProt | NX_Q9NZJ5. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Orphanet | 1667. Wolcott-Rallison syndrome. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA27687. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| eggNOG | COG0515. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG051431. | ||||||||||||||||||
| InParanoid | Q9NZJ5. | ||||||||||||||||||
| KO | K08860. | ||||||||||||||||||
| OMA | SPMDAPS. | ||||||||||||||||||
Enzyme and pathway databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reactome | REACT_116125. Disease. | ||||||||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | Q9NZJ5. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Bgee | Q9NZJ5. | ||||||||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_EIF2AK3. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | Q9NZJ5. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000172071. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_cat_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR011047. Quinonprotein_ADH-like_supfam. IPR008271. Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF00069. Pkinase. 2 hits. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| SUPFAM | SSF56112. Kinase_like. 1 hit. SSF50998. Quin_alc_DH_like. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||||||||
| BindingDB | Q9NZJ5. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL6030. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ChiTaRS | EIF2AK3. human. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GenomeRNAi | 9451. | ||||||||||||||||||
| NextBio | 35404. | ||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | E2AK3_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9NZJ5 Secondary accession number(s): A0AVH1 Q53SB1 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human and mouse protein kinases Human and mouse protein kinases: classification and index |
| Human chromosome 2 Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
