Q9NYV7 (T2R16_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Taste receptor type 2 member 16
Short name=T2R16

Gene names

Name:

TAS2R16

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	291 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Gustducin-coupled receptor implicated in the perception of bitter compounds in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. Signals through PLCB2 and the calcium-regulated cation channel TRPM5. Ref.7 Ref.8
Subcellular location	Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in a subset of gustducin-positive taste receptor cells of the tongue.
Polymorphism	The Lys-172 polymorphism in TAS2R16 is associated with genetic susceptibility to alcoholism [MIM:103780].
Miscellaneous	Several bitter taste receptors are expressed in a single taste receptor cell. Confers bitter perception of salicin to non-taster mice.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Sensory transduction Taste
Cellular component	Membrane
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Transmembrane Transmembrane helix
Molecular function	G-protein coupled receptor Receptor Transducer
PTM	Glycoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Cellular_component	endoplasmic reticulum Inferred from direct assay PubMed 16720576. Source: HGNC external side of plasma membrane Inferred from direct assay PubMed 16720576. Source: HGNC integral to membrane Inferred by curator Ref.1. Source: UniProtKB trans-Golgi network Inferred from direct assay PubMed 16720576. Source: HGNC
Molecular_function	bitter taste receptor activity Inferred from direct assay PubMed 16720576. Source: HGNC
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 291	291	Taste receptor type 2 member 16		PRO_0000082262
Regions
	Topological domain	1	1	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	2 – 22	21	Helical; Name=1; Potential
	Topological domain	23 – 41	19	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	42 – 62	21	Helical; Name=2; Potential
	Topological domain	63 – 84	22	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	85 – 105	21	Helical; Name=3; Potential
	Topological domain	106 – 125	20	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	126 – 146	21	Helical; Name=4; Potential
	Topological domain	147 – 182	36	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	183 – 203	21	Helical; Name=5; Potential
	Topological domain	204 – 228	25	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	229 – 249	21	Helical; Name=6; Potential
	Topological domain	250 – 257	8	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	258 – 278	21	Helical; Name=7; Potential
	Topological domain	279 – 291	13	Cytoplasmic Potential
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	80	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	163	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Natural variations
	Natural variant	172	1	N → K Associated with susceptibility to alcoholism. Ref.12 Corresponds to variant rs846664 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_034539
	Natural variant	222	1	R → H. Ref.2 Ref.4 Ref.5 Corresponds to variant rs860170 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_020205

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q9NYV7 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 2000. Version 1. Checksum: 0693085F23D57D73	FASTA	291	33,986
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MIPIQLTVFF MIIYVLESLT IIVQSSLIVA VLGREWLQVR RLMPVDMILI SLGISRFCLQ 70 80 90 100 110 120 WASMLNNFCS YFNLNYVLCN LTITWEFFNI LTFWLNSLLT VFYCIKVSSF THHIFLWLRW 130 140 150 160 170 180 RILRLFPWIL LGSLMITCVT IIPSAIGNYI QIQLLTMEHL PRNSTVTDKL ENFHQYQFQA 190 200 210 220 230 240 HTVALVIPFI LFLASTIFLM ASLTKQIQHH STGHCNPSMK ARFTALRSLA VLFIVFTSYF 250 260 270 280 290 LTILITIIGT LFDKRCWLWV WEAFVYAFIL MHSTSLMLSS PTLKRILKGK C

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"A novel family of mammalian taste receptors." Adler E., Hoon M.A., Mueller K.L., Chandrashekar J., Ryba N.J.P., Zuker C.S. Cell 100:693-702(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], TOPOLOGY.
[2]	"Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes." Fischer A., Gilad Y., Man O., Paeaebo S. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:432-436(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT HIS-222.
[3]	"The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7." Hillier L.W., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Graves T.A., Pepin K.H., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Maas J., Jaeger S., Walker R., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., O'Laughlin M.D., Schaller M.E., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L. , Nash W.E., Cordes M., Du H., Sun H., Edwards J., Bradshaw-Cordum H., Ali J., Andrews S., Isak A., Vanbrunt A., Nguyen C., Du F., Lamar B., Courtney L., Kalicki J., Ozersky P., Bielicki L., Scott K., Holmes A., Harkins R., Harris A., Strong C.M., Hou S., Tomlinson C., Dauphin-Kohlberg S., Kozlowicz-Reilly A., Leonard S., Rohlfing T., Rock S.M., Tin-Wollam A.-M., Abbott A., Minx P., Maupin R., Strowmatt C., Latreille P., Miller N., Johnson D., Murray J., Woessner J.P., Wendl M.C., Yang S.-P., Schultz B.R., Wallis J.W., Spieth J., Bieri T.A., Nelson J.O., Berkowicz N., Wohldmann P.E., Cook L.L., Hickenbotham M.T., Eldred J., Williams D., Bedell J.A., Mardis E.R., Clifton S.W., Chissoe S.L., Marra M.A., Raymond C., Haugen E., Gillett W., Zhou Y., James R., Phelps K., Iadanoto S., Bubb K., Simms E., Levy R., Clendenning J., Kaul R., Kent W.J., Furey T.S., Baertsch R.A., Brent M.R., Keibler E., Flicek P., Bork P., Suyama M., Bailey J.A., Portnoy M.E., Torrents D., Chinwalla A.T., Gish W.R., Eddy S.R., McPherson J.D., Olson M.V., Eichler E.E., Green E.D., Waterston R.H., Wilson R.K. Nature 424:157-164(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	"Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology." Scherer S.W., Cheung J., MacDonald J.R., Osborne L.R., Nakabayashi K., Herbrick J.-A., Carson A.R., Parker-Katiraee L., Skaug J., Khaja R., Zhang J., Hudek A.K., Li M., Haddad M., Duggan G.E., Fernandez B.A., Kanematsu E., Gentles S. , Christopoulos C.C., Choufani S., Kwasnicka D., Zheng X.H., Lai Z., Nusskern D.R., Zhang Q., Gu Z., Lu F., Zeesman S., Nowaczyk M.J., Teshima I., Chitayat D., Shuman C., Weksberg R., Zackai E.H., Grebe T.A., Cox S.R., Kirkpatrick S.J., Rahman N., Friedman J.M., Heng H.H.Q., Pelicci P.G., Lo-Coco F., Belloni E., Shaffer L.G., Pober B., Morton C.C., Gusella J.F., Bruns G.A.P., Korf B.R., Quade B.J., Ligon A.H., Ferguson H., Higgins A.W., Leach N.T., Herrick S.R., Lemyre E., Farra C.G., Kim H.-G., Summers A.M., Gripp K.W., Roberts W., Szatmari P., Winsor E.J.T., Grzeschik K.-H., Teebi A., Minassian B.A., Kere J., Armengol L., Pujana M.A., Estivill X., Wilson M.D., Koop B.F., Tosi S., Moore G.E., Boright A.P., Zlotorynski E., Kerem B., Kroisel P.M., Petek E., Oscier D.G., Mould S.J., Doehner H., Doehner K., Rommens J.M., Vincent J.B., Venter J.C., Li P.W., Mural R.J., Adams M.D., Tsui L.-C. Science 300:767-772(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT HIS-222.
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT HIS-222.
[6]	"T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors." Chandrashekar J., Mueller K.L., Hoon M.A., Adler E., Feng L., Guo W., Zuker C.S., Ryba N.J.P. Cell 100:703-711(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION.
[7]	"The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta-glucopyranosides." Bufe B., Hofmann T., Krautwurst D., Raguse J.-D., Meyerhof W. Nat. Genet. 32:397-401(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[8]	"The receptors and coding logic for bitter taste." Mueller K.L., Hoon M.A., Erlenbach I., Chandrashekar J., Zuker C.S., Ryba N.J. Nature 434:225-229(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[9]	"Receptors for bitter and sweet taste." Montmayeur J.-P., Matsunami H. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12:366-371(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.
[10]	"Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction." Margolskee R.F. J. Biol. Chem. 277:1-4(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.
[11]	"Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways." Zhang Y., Hoon M.A., Chandrashekar J., Mueller K.L., Cook B., Wu D., Zuker C.S., Ryba N.J. Cell 112:293-301(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.
[12]	"Functional variant in a bitter-taste receptor (hTAS2R16) influences risk of alcohol dependence." Hinrichs A.L., Wang J.C., Bufe B., Kwon J.M., Budde J., Allen R., Bertelsen S., Evans W., Dick D., Rice J., Foroud T., Nurnberger J., Tischfield J.A., Kuperman S., Crowe R., Hesselbrock V., Schuckit M., Almasy L. , Porjesz B., Edenberg H.J., Begleiter H., Meyerhof W., Bierut L.J., Goate A.M. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78:103-111(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT LYS-172, ASSOCIATION WITH SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ALCOHOLISM.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF227139 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF43912.1. AY724962 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAU21158.1. AC004838 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAP21892.1. CH236947 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAL24338.1. BC095524 mRNA. Translation: AAH95524.1.
IPI	IPI00027216.
RefSeq	NP_058641.1. NM_016945.2.
UniGene	Hs.272395.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q9NYV7.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	9606.ENSP00000249284.
Protein family/group databases
GPCRDB	Search...
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q9NYV7.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	29839657.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q9NYV7.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000249284; ENSP00000249284; ENSG00000128519.
GeneID	50833.
KEGG	hsa:50833.
UCSC	uc003vkl.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	50833.
GeneCards	GC07M122634.
HGNC	HGNC:14921. TAS2R16.
MIM	103780. phenotype. 604867. gene.
neXtProt	NX_Q9NYV7.
PharmGKB	PA37931.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG39234.
HOGENOM	HOG000234595.
HOVERGEN	HBG098568.
InParanoid	Q9NYV7.
KO	K08474.
OMA	MITCVTI.
OrthoDB	EOG4PC9SX.
PhylomeDB	Q9NYV7.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q9NYV7.
Bgee	Q9NYV7.
CleanEx	HS_TAS2R16.
Genevestigator	Q9NYV7.
GermOnline	ENSG00000128519. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR007960. TAS2_rcpt. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF05296. TAS2R. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
GenomeRNAi	50833.
NextBio	53281.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

T2R16_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9NYV7
Secondary accession number(s): A4D0X2 , Q502V3, Q549U8, Q645W1

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 11, 2003
Last sequence update:	October 1, 2000
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 97 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.