Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9NYL2 (MLTK_HUMAN)
Last modified
November 3, 2009.
Version 80.
History...
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90%,
50% identity |
Documents (6) |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase MLT EC=2.7.11.25 Alternative name(s): MLK-like mitogen-activated protein triple kinase Sterile alpha motif- and leucine zipper-containing kinase AZK Leucine zipper- and sterile alpha motif-containing kinase Mixed lineage kinase-related kinase Short name=MLK-related kinase Short name=MRK Cervical cancer suppressor gene 4 protein HCCS-4 | ||||||
| Gene names |
| ||||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome] | ||||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 800 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is not processed. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Stress-activated component of a protein kinase signal transduction cascade. Regulates the JNK and p38 pathways. Pro-apoptotic. Role in regulation of S and G2 cell cycle checkpoint by direct phosphorylation of CHEK2. Isoform 1, but not isoform 2, causes cell shrinkage and disruption of actin stress fibers. Isoform 1 may have role in neoplastic cell transformation and cancer development. Isoform 1, but not isoform 2, phosphorylates histone H3 at 'Ser-28'. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.4 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 |
| Catalytic activity | ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. Ref.4 |
| Cofactor | Magnesium. Ref.4 |
| Enzyme regulation | Activated by phosphorylation by PKN1 and autophosphorylation on Thr-161 and Ser-165. Ref.2 Ref.14 Ref.12 |
| Subunit structure | Homodimer. Interacts with PKN1 and ZNF33A. Ref.1 Ref.11 Ref.12 |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note: Translocates to the nucleus upon ultraviolet B irradiation. Ref.15 |
| Tissue specificity | Ubiquitously expressed. Isoform 2 is the predominant form in all tissues examined, except for liver, in which isoform 1 is more highly expressed. Ref.1 Ref.4 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase kinase subfamily. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. Contains 1 SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| itself | 1 | EBI-602273,EBI-602273 | ||
| PKN1 | Q16512 | 1 | EBI-687346,EBI-602382 |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 Ref.2 (identifier: Q9NYL2-1) Also known as: Alpha; This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 Ref.2 (identifier: Q9NYL2-2) Also known as: Beta; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 332-455: PSFEIGAWTE...LKPGTGPQDC → LPLAARMSEE...EEDNDMDNSE 456-800: Missing. | ||||||
| Note: Phosphorylated on Ser-339, Ser-434 and Ser-454. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 Ref.4 (identifier: Q9NYL2-3) Also known as: HCCS-4; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 285-312: CEIEATLERLKKLERDLSFKEQELKERE → WVAPTAGHSVWLSKTITRLNEEVNQRSE 313-800: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 800 | 800 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase MLT | PRO_0000086338 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 16 – 277 | 262 | Protein kinase | ||||||
| Domain | 287 – 308 | 22 | Leucine-zipper UniProtKB P80192 | ||||||
| Domain | 339 – 410 | 72 | SAM | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 22 – 30 | 9 | ATP By similarity UniProtKB P80192 | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 133 | 1 | Proton acceptor By similarity UniProtKB P80192 | ||||||
| Binding site | 45 | 1 | ATP Ref.4 | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 3 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 161 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis Ref.14 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 165 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis Ref.14 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 268 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 275 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 302 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 328 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.20 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 591 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.19 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 593 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 Ref.19 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 599 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.19 Ref.21 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 628 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.20 Ref.21 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 633 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 Ref.21 Ref.18 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 635 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 637 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 Ref.18 Ref.16 Ref.17 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 639 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 687 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 691 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 727 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 Ref.21 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 733 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 Ref.21 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 781 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 285 – 312 | 28 | CEIEA…LKERE → WVAPTAGHSVWLSKTITRLN EEVNQRSE in isoform 3. Ref.4 | VSP_051741 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 313 – 800 | 488 | Missing in isoform 3. Ref.4 | VSP_051742 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 332 – 455 | 124 | PSFEI…GPQDC → LPLAARMSEESYFESKTEES NSAEMSCQITATSNGEGHGM NPSLQAMMLMGFGDIFSMNK AGAVMHSGMQINMQAKQNSS KTTSKRRGKKVNMALGFSDF DLSEGDDDDDDDGEEEDNDM DNSE in isoform 2. Ref.2 | VSP_051743 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 456 – 800 | 345 | Missing in isoform 2. Ref.2 | VSP_051744 | |||||
| Natural variant | 267 | 1 | T → M | VAR_040806 | |||||
| Natural variant | 281 | 1 | A → T in an ovarian endometrioid sample; somatic mutation. Ref.22 | VAR_040807 | |||||
| Natural variant | 281 | 1 | A → V | VAR_040808 | |||||
| Natural variant | 531 | 1 | L → S: dbSNP rs3769148. Ref.22 Ref.5 Ref.7 Ref.8 | VAR_022827 | |||||
| Natural variant | 580 | 1 | R → W | VAR_040809 | |||||
| Natural variant | 740 | 1 | P → T | VAR_040810 | |||||
| Natural variant | 773 | 1 | Y → H | VAR_040811 | |||||
| Natural variant | 784 | 1 | K → T | VAR_040812 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 45 | 1 | K → M: Loss of kinase activity. Ref.4 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 161 | 1 | T → A: Loss of autophosphorylation activity. Ref.14 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 162 | 1 | T → A: Slight loss of autophosphorylation activity. Ref.14 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 165 | 1 | S → A: Loss of autophosphorylation activity. Ref.14 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 346 | 1 | C → W in AAF63490. Ref.1 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Cloning and expression of ZAK, a mixed lineage kinase-like protein containing a leucine-zipper and a sterile-alpha motif." Liu T.-C., Huang C.-J., Chu Y.-C., Wei C.-C., Chou C.-C., Chou M.-Y., Chou C.-K., Yang J.-J. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 274:811-816(2000) [PubMed: 10924358] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, HOMODIMERIZATION. Tissue: Placenta. |
| [2] | "Identification and characterization of a novel MAP kinase kinase kinase, MLTK." Gotoh I., Adachi M., Nishida E. J. Biol. Chem. 276:4276-4286(2001) [PubMed: 11042189] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2), FUNCTION, PHOSPHORYLATION. Tissue: Fetal brain. |
| [3] | "Tissue distribution and functional expression of a cDNA encoding a novel mixed lineage kinase." Bloem L.J., Pickard T.R., Acton S., Donoghue M., Beavis R.C., Knierman M.D., Wang X. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 33:1739-1750(2001) [PubMed: 11549352] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Heart. |
| [4] | "MRK, a mixed lineage kinase-related molecule that plays a role in gamma-radiation-induced cell cycle arrest." Gross E.A., Callow M.G., Waldbaum L., Thomas S., Ruggieri R. J. Biol. Chem. 277:13873-13882(2002) [PubMed: 11836244] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2), FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-45. Tissue: T-cell. |
| [5] | "Placible mixed-lineage kinase derived from LAK cell." Abe Y., Ueda N. Submitted (JUL-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT SER-531. Tissue: Lymphoid. |
| [6] | "Identification of a new tumor suppressor in human cancers." Kim J.W. Submitted (JAN-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3). |
| [7] | "Cloning and characterisation of AZK, a mixed lineage kinase containing a sterile-alpha motif." McNee J.J., Frima N., Diamond T.E., Dower S.K., Guesdon F. Submitted (APR-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANTS SER-531 AND THR-784. |
| [8] | Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Takeda T., Sakaki Y., Tanaka A., Yokoyama S., Ohara O., Nagase T., Kikuno R.F. Submitted (MAR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT SER-531. Tissue: Brain. |
| [9] | "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4." Hillier L.W., Graves T.A., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Pepin K.H., Minx P., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L., Nash W.E., Kremitzki C., Oddy L., Du H. Wilson R.K.Nature 434:724-731(2005) [PubMed: 15815621] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [10] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Colon. |
| [11] | "A novel zinc finger protein, ZZaPK, interacts with ZAK and stimulates the ZAK-expressing cells re-entering the cell cycle." Yang J.-J. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 301:71-77(2003) [PubMed: 12535642] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ZNF33A. |
| [12] | "Regulation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, MLTK by PKN." Takahashi M., Gotoh Y., Isagawa T., Nishimura T., Goyama E., Kim H.-S., Mukai H., Ono Y. J. Biochem. 133:181-187(2003) [PubMed: 12761180] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION, INTERACTION WITH PKN1. |
| [13] | "A novel role for mixed-lineage kinase-like mitogen-activated protein triple kinase alpha in neoplastic cell transformation and tumor development." Cho Y.-Y., Bode A.M., Mizuno H., Choi B.Y., Choi H.S., Dong Z. Cancer Res. 64:3855-3864(2004) [PubMed: 15172994] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [14] | "The stress kinase MRK contributes to regulation of DNA damage checkpoints through a p38gamma-independent pathway." Tosti E., Waldbaum L., Warshaw G., Gross E.A., Ruggieri R. J. Biol. Chem. 279:47652-47660(2004) [PubMed: 15342622] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, ENZYME REGULATION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-161 AND SER-165, MUTAGENESIS OF THR-161; THR-162 AND SER-165. |
| [15] | "Phosphorylation of Ser28 in histone H3 mediated by mixed lineage kinase-like mitogen-activated protein triple kinase alpha." Choi H.S., Choi B.Y., Cho Y.-Y., Zhu F., Bode A.M., Dong Z. J. Biol. Chem. 280:13545-13553(2005) [PubMed: 15684425] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF HISTONE H3, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [16] | "A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization." Beausoleil S.A., Villen J., Gerber S.A., Rush J., Gygi S.P. Nat. Biotechnol. 24:1285-1292(2006) [PubMed: 16964243] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-637, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Epithelium. |
| [17] | "Proteomics analysis of protein kinases by target class-selective prefractionation and tandem mass spectrometry." Wissing J., Jaensch L., Nimtz M., Dieterich G., Hornberger R., Keri G., Wehland J., Daub H. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 6:537-547(2007) [PubMed: 17192257] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-637, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [18] | "Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column." Imami K., Sugiyama N., Kyono Y., Tomita M., Ishihama Y. Anal. Sci. 24:161-166(2008) [PubMed: 18187866] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-633 AND SER-637, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [19] | "Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis." Cantin G.T., Yi W., Lu B., Park S.K., Xu T., Lee J.-D., Yates J.R. III J. Proteome Res. 7:1346-1351(2008) [PubMed: 18220336] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-591; SER-593 AND SER-599, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [20] | "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R., Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M. Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed: 18691976] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-3; SER-268; SER-275; SER-302; THR-328; SER-593; THR-628; SER-633; SER-637; SER-687; SER-691; SER-727; SER-733 AND SER-781, PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-339; SER-434 AND SER-454 (ISOFORM 2), MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [21] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed: 18669648] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-599; THR-628; SER-633; SER-727 AND SER-733, PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-434 AND SER-454 (ISOFORM 2), MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [22] | "Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes." Greenman C., Stephens P., Smith R., Dalgliesh G.L., Hunter C., Bignell G., Davies H., Teague J., Butler A., Stevens C., Edkins S., O'Meara S., Vastrik I., Schmidt E.E., Avis T., Barthorpe S., Bhamra G., Buck G. Stratton M.R.Nature 446:153-158(2007) [PubMed: 17344846] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] MET-267; THR-281; VAL-281; SER-531; TRP-580; THR-740; HIS-773 AND THR-784. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| AF238255 mRNA. Translation: AAF63490.1. AB049733 mRNA. Translation: BAB16444.1. AB049734 mRNA. Translation: BAB16445.1. AF325454 mRNA. Translation: AAK11615.1. AF480461 mRNA. Translation: AAL85891.1. AF480462 mRNA. Translation: AAL85892.1. AB030034 mRNA. Translation: BAB12040.1. AF465843 mRNA. Translation: AAO33376.1. AF251441 mRNA. Translation: AAF65822.1. AB208974 mRNA. Translation: BAD92211.1. Different initiation. AC092573 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAX82002.1. AC013461 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAX93067.1. AC019046 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC001401 mRNA. Translation: AAH01401.1. | |
| IPI | IPI00029643. IPI00329638. IPI00384771. |
| RefSeq | NP_057737.2. NP_598407.1. |
| UniGene | Hs.444451 |
3D structure databases | |
| HSSP | HSSP built from PDB template 1BYG based on UniProtKB P41240. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q9NYL2. 6 interactions. |
| STRING | Q9NYL2. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q9NYL2. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PRIDE | Q9NYL2. |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000338983; ENSP00000340257; ENSG00000091436; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] ENST00000375213; ENSP00000364361; ENSG00000091436; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] ENST00000409176; ENSP00000387259; ENSG00000091436; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] ENST00000422149; ENSP00000411923; ENSG00000091436; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] ENST00000431503; ENSP00000399787; ENSG00000091436; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] |
| GeneID | 51776. |
| KEGG | hsa:51776. |
| UCSC | uc002uhx.2. human. uc002uhy.1. human. uc002uhz.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 51776. |
| GeneCards | GC02P173648. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0002600. HIX0030332. |
| HPA | HPA017205. |
| MIM | 609479. gene. |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| HOVERGEN | Q9NYL2. |
| OMA | HYLHAEA. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BRENDA | 2.7.11.25. 247. |
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | p38gammadeltapathway. Signaling mediated by p38-gamma and p38-delta. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q9NYL2. |
| Bgee | Q9NYL2. |
| Genevestigator | Q9NYL2. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000091436. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR000719. Prot_kinase_core. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR001660. SAM. IPR011510. SAM_2. IPR013761. SAM_type. IPR008271. Ser_thr_pkin_AS. IPR001245. Tyr_pkinase. [Graphical view] |
| Gene3D | G3DSA:1.10.150.50. SAM_type. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF07714. Pkinase_Tyr. 1 hit. PF07647. SAM_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00109. TYRKINASE. |
| ProDom | PD000001. Prot_kinase. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain] |
| SMART | SM00454. SAM. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. False negative. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. PS50105. SAM_DOMAIN. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| NextBio | 55903. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | MLTK_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9NYL2 Secondary accession number(s): Q53SX1 Q9NYE9 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 2 Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| Human and mouse protein kinases Human and mouse protein kinases: classification and index |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


