Q9NVV4 (PAPD1_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
January 25, 2012.
Version 84.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Poly(A) RNA polymerase, mitochondrial Short name=PAP EC=2.7.7.19 Alternative name(s): PAP-associated domain-containing protein 1 Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase Terminal uridylyltransferase 1 Short name=TUTase 1 mtPAP | ||||
| Gene names |
| ||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 582 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Polymerase that creates the 3' poly(A) tail of mitochondrial transcripts. Can use all four nucleotides, but has higher activity with ATP and UTP (in vitro). Plays a role in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation. May be involved in the terminal uridylation of mature histone mRNAs before their degradation is initiated. Might be responsible for the creation of some UAA stop codons which are not encoded in mtDNA. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.13 |
| Catalytic activity | |
| Cofactor | Magnesium or manganese. Ref.12 |
| Subunit structure | Homodimer. Ref.12 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Ubiquitous, with stronger expression in tissues with high energy requirements: heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. Ref.1 |
| Involvement in disease | Defects in MTPAP are the cause of spastic ataxia autosomal recessive type 4 (SPAX4) [MIM:613672]. A slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraparesis, dysarthria, and optic atrophy. Note=Affected individuals exhibit a drastic decrease in poly(A) tail length of representative mitochondrial mRNA transcripts, including COX1 and RNA14 (Ref.13). Ref.13 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-B-like family. Contains 1 PAP-associated domain. |
| Biophysicochemical properties | Kinetic parameters: KM=0.1 mM for ATP Ref.12 KM=0.7 mM for UTP |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| itself | 3 | EBI-2556166,EBI-2556166 |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9NVV4-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q9NVV4-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-52: MAVPGVGLLT...DEQPSGSVET → MAWAKKVGGR...QELGAADKQG | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transit peptide | 1 – 37 | 37 | Mitochondrion Potential | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chain | 38 – 582 | 545 | Poly(A) RNA polymerase, mitochondrial | PRO_0000250689 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domain | 437 – 483 | 47 | PAP-associated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 107 – 109 | 3 | ATP Potential | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 241 – 242 | 2 | ATP Potential | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sites | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metal binding | 243 | 1 | Magnesium or manganese; catalytic By similarity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metal binding | 245 | 1 | Magnesium or manganese; catalytic By similarity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 90 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine Ref.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 52 | 52 | MAVPG…GSVET → MAWAKKVGGRAGQGRSLSRC DPIILDPEWLYGPPEGEGGP EGVGGETRASIHPPLRTGRH HQKVNHNIRGPEGSAKDAAP GGGGHHQAGPGQRGDEDGAL QHLCGGGGGVGVSVGRGTGT SVAAEHPSLQVKLLELQELV LRLAGDHNEGHGKFLAAAQN PADDPAPGAPAPQELGAADK QG in isoform 2. | VSP_020724 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 162 | 1 | R → C. Corresponds to variant rs1047991 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_027601 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 221 | 1 | Y → H. Ref.8 Corresponds to variant rs17855118 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_027602 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 419 | 1 | C → R. Ref.8 Corresponds to variant rs17857517 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_027603 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 478 | 1 | N → D in SPAX4. Ref.13 | VAR_064907 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 546 | 1 | S → N. Ref.8 Corresponds to variant rs17855116 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_027604 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 221 – 222 | 2 | YF → AA: Reduces dimerization. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 230 | 1 | F → A: Reduced enzyme activity. Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 259 – 261 | 3 | HKI → AAA: No effect on dimerization. Loss of dimerization and of enzyme activity; when associated with 294-AAAA-297. Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 294 – 297 | 4 | HFGP → AAGA: Reduced dimerization. Loss of dimerization and of enzyme activity; when associated with 259-AAA-261. Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 312 | 1 | L → A: Reduced enzyme activity. Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 325 | 1 | D → A: Loss of enzyme activity. Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 378 | 1 | F → A: Reduced enzyme activity. Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 507 | 1 | W → L in BAB13981. Ref.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 554 | 1 | V → A in BAB13981. Ref.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary structure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 64 – 75 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 77 – 81 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 90 – 95 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 104 – 107 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 113 – 117 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 174 – 180 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 183 – 185 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 186 – 197 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 201 – 218 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 219 – 221 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 226 – 230 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 244 – 249 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 277 – 287 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 291 – 294 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 302 – 305 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 307 – 310 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 312 – 316 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 323 – 327 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 333 – 342 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 348 – 363 | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 377 – 389 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 403 – 406 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 437 – 447 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 492 – 510 | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 528 – 530 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Identification of a novel human nuclear-encoded mitochondrial poly(A) polymerase." Tomecki R., Dmochowska A., Gewartowski K., Dziembowski A., Stepien P.P. Nucleic Acids Res. 32:6001-6014(2004) [PubMed: 15547249] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [2] | "Human mitochondrial mRNAs are stabilized with polyadenylation regulated by mitochondria-specific poly(A) polymerase and polynucleotide phosphorylase." Nagaike T., Suzuki T., Katoh T., Ueda T. J. Biol. Chem. 280:19721-19727(2005) [PubMed: 15769737] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [3] | "NovelFam3000 -- uncharacterized human protein domains conserved across model organisms." Kemmer D., Podowski R.M., Arenillas D., Lim J., Hodges E., Roth P., Sonnhammer E.L.L., Hoeoeg C., Wasserman W.W. BMC Genomics 7:48-48(2006) [PubMed: 16533400] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [4] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain and Mammary gland. |
| [5] | "The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium." Bechtel S., Rosenfelder H., Duda A., Schmidt C.P., Ernst U., Wellenreuther R., Mehrle A., Schuster C., Bahr A., Bloecker H., Heubner D., Hoerlein A., Michel G., Wedler H., Koehrer K., Ottenwaelder B., Poustka A., Wiemann S., Schupp I. BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007) [PubMed: 17974005] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Testis. |
| [6] | "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10." Deloukas P., Earthrowl M.E., Grafham D.V., Rubenfield M., French L., Steward C.A., Sims S.K., Jones M.C., Searle S., Scott C., Howe K., Hunt S.E., Andrews T.D., Gilbert J.G.R., Swarbreck D., Ashurst J.L., Taylor A., Battles J. Rogers J.Nature 429:375-381(2004) [PubMed: 15164054] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [7] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [8] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANTS HIS-221; ARG-419 AND ASN-546. |
| [9] | "Degradation of histone mRNA requires oligouridylation followed by decapping and simultaneous degradation of the mRNA both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'." Mullen T.E., Marzluff W.F. Genes Dev. 22:50-65(2008) [PubMed: 18172165] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN HISTONE MRNA DEGRADATION ACTIVITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [10] | "Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions." Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T., Olsen J.V., Mann M. Science 325:834-840(2009) [PubMed: 19608861] [Abstract] Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-90, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [11] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed: 21269460] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [12] | "Structural basis for dimerization and activity of human PAPD1, a noncanonical poly(A) polymerase." Bai Y., Srivastava S.K., Chang J.H., Manley J.L., Tong L. Mol. Cell 41:311-320(2011) [PubMed: 21292163] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (3.1 ANGSTROMS) OF 44-538, FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, SUBUNIT, COFACTOR, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, MUTAGENESIS OF 221-TYR-PHE-222; PHE-230; 259-HIS--ILE-261; 294-HIS--PRO-297; LEU-312; ASP-325 AND PHE-378. |
| [13] | "Defective mitochondrial mRNA maturation is associated with spastic ataxia." Crosby A.H., Patel H., Chioza B.A., Proukakis C., Gurtz K., Patton M.A., Sharifi R., Harlalka G., Simpson M.A., Dick K., Reed J.A., Al-Memar A., Chrzanowska-Lightowlers Z.M., Cross H.E., Lightowlers R.N. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 87:655-660(2010) [PubMed: 20970105] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT SPAX4 ASP-478, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, FUNCTION. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AB194709 mRNA. Translation: BAD98252.1. AY364242 mRNA. Translation: AAQ76801.1. AK001348 mRNA. Translation: BAA91641.1. AK022188 mRNA. Translation: BAB13981.1. AL122121 mRNA. Translation: CAH56395.1. AL353796, AL161651 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAH72262.1. AL161651, AL353796 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI14218.1. CH471072 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW86014.1. CH471072 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW86015.1. BC061703 mRNA. Translation: AAH61703.1. | ||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00153051. IPI00470416. | ||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_060579.3. NM_018109.3. | ||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.173946. | ||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
| ||||||||||||
| ProteinModelPortal | Q9NVV4. | ||||||||||||
| SMR | Q9NVV4. Positions 62-532. | ||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||
| IntAct | Q9NVV4. 2 interactions. | ||||||||||||
| STRING | Q9NVV4. | ||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | Q9NVV4. | ||||||||||||
Polymorphism databases | |||||||||||||
| DMDM | 74753002. | ||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||
| PRIDE | Q9NVV4. | ||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000263063; ENSP00000263063; ENSG00000107951. | ||||||||||||
| GeneID | 55149. | ||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:55149. | ||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc001iva.2. human. uc001ivb.2. human. | ||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||
| CTD | 55149. | ||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC10M030642. | ||||||||||||
| H-InvDB | HIX0008743. | ||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:25532. MTPAP. | ||||||||||||
| HPA | HPA038620. | ||||||||||||
| MIM | 613669. gene. 613672. phenotype. | ||||||||||||
| neXtProt | NX_Q9NVV4. | ||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA164723192. | ||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||
| GeneTree | ENSGT00550000074490. | ||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG082104. | ||||||||||||
| OMA | PGCVGVQ. | ||||||||||||
| OrthoDB | EOG45TCN5. | ||||||||||||
| PhylomeDB | Q9NVV4. | ||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | Q9NVV4. | ||||||||||||
| Bgee | Q9NVV4. | ||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | Q9NVV4. | ||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000107951. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR002058. PAP_assoc. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF03828. PAP_assoc. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||
| NextBio | 58876. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | PAPD1_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9NVV4 Secondary accession number(s): D3DRX0 Q9HA74 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 10 Human chromosome 10: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with