Q9NT62 (ATG3_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 96.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 EC=6.3.2.- Alternative name(s): Autophagy-related protein 3 Short name=APG3-like Short name=hApg3 Protein PC3-96 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 314 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | E2-like enzyme involved in autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis. Catalyzes the conjugation of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). PE-conjugation to ATG8-like proteins is essential for autophagy. Preferred substrate is MAP1LC3A. Also acts as an autocatalytic E2-like enzyme, catalyzing the conjugation of ATG12 to itself, ATG12 conjugation to ATG3 playing a role in mitochondrial homeostasis but not in autophagy. ATG7 (E1-like enzyme) facilitates this reaction by forming an E1-E2 complex with ATG3. Ref.1 |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with ATG7 and ATG12. The complex, composed of ATG3 and ATG7, plays a role in the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. Interacts with FNBP1L. Ref.1 Ref.8 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Widely expressed, with a highest expression in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver and placenta. Ref.1 |
| Post-translational modification | Conjugated to ATG12 at Lys-243. ATG12-conjugation plays a role in regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and cell death, while it is not involved in PE-conjugation to ATG8-like proteins and autophagy By similarity. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the ATG3 family. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence BAB15237.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Isoform 2: The sequence AAH02830.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at position 311. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GABARAP | O95166 | 5 | EBI-988094,EBI-712001 | |
| GABARAPL1 | Q9H0R8 | 3 | EBI-988094,EBI-746969 | |
| GABARAPL2 | P60520 | 5 | EBI-988094,EBI-720116 | |
| MAP1LC3B | Q9GZQ8 | 7 | EBI-988094,EBI-373144 | |
| TECPR1 | Q7Z6L1 | 3 | EBI-988094,EBI-2946676 |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9NT62-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q9NT62-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 290-314: LLIFLKFVQAVIPTIEYDYTRHFTM → PSLYVRLVAKWLLTIFFLRNLV | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 314 | 314 | Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 | PRO_0000213569 | |||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 264 | 1 | Glycyl thioester intermediate Probable | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Cross-link | 243 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ATG12) By similarity | |||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 290 – 314 | 25 | LLIFL…RHFTM → PSLYVRLVAKWLLTIFFLRN LV in isoform 2. | VSP_013037 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 264 | 1 | C → S: Instead of the formation of an intermediate complex with a thiol ester bond between ATG3 (E2-like enzyme) and GABARAPL1/APG8L (substrate), a stable complex with an O-ester bond is formed. Ref.1 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Human Apg3p/Aut1p homologue is an authentic E2 enzyme for multiple substrates, GATE-16, GABARAP, and MAP-LC3, and facilitates the conjugation of hApg12p to hApg5p." Tanida I., Tanida-Miyake E., Komatsu M., Ueno T., Kominami E. J. Biol. Chem. 277:13739-13744(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MUTAGENESIS OF CYS-264, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH ATG7 AND ATG12. Tissue: Brain. |
| [2] | "Cloning and characterization of human PC3-96 gene." Wu B.X., Li Y., Laser M., Crosson C.E., Hazard E.S. III, Ma J.X. Submitted (NOV-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Retina. |
| [3] | "The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium." Bechtel S., Rosenfelder H., Duda A., Schmidt C.P., Ernst U., Wellenreuther R., Mehrle A., Schuster C., Bahr A., Bloecker H., Heubner D., Hoerlein A., Michel G., Wedler H., Koehrer K., Ottenwaelder B., Poustka A., Wiemann S., Schupp I. BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain. |
| [4] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2). Tissue: Lung and Lymph. |
| [5] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 118-314 (ISOFORM 2). |
| [6] | "Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry." Brill L.M., Salomon A.R., Ficarro S.B., Mukherji M., Stettler-Gill M., Peters E.C. Anal. Chem. 76:2763-2772(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell. |
| [7] | "Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells." Rush J., Moritz A., Lee K.A., Guo A., Goss V.L., Spek E.J., Zhang H., Zha X.-M., Polakiewicz R.D., Comb M.J. Nat. Biotechnol. 23:94-101(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [8] | "A novel hybrid yeast-human network analysis reveals an essential role for FNBP1L in antibacterial autophagy." Huett A., Ng A., Cao Z., Kuballa P., Komatsu M., Daly M.J., Podolsky D.K., Xavier R.J. J. Immunol. 182:4917-4930(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH FNBP1L. |
| [9] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AB079384 mRNA. Translation: BAB90843.1. AF202092 mRNA. Translation: AAG35611.1. AL137515 mRNA. Translation: CAB70781.1. BC002830 mRNA. Translation: AAH02830.1. Frameshift. BC024221 mRNA. Translation: AAH24221.1. AK025778 mRNA. Translation: BAB15237.1. Different initiation. |
| IPI | IPI00022254. IPI00449201. |
| PIR | T46276. |
| RefSeq | NP_071933.2. NM_022488.3. |
| UniGene | Hs.477126. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q9NT62. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q9NT62. 20 interactions. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000283290. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q9NT62. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 61212142. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | Q9NT62. |
| PRIDE | Q9NT62. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 64422. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000283290; ENSP00000283290; ENSG00000144848. ENST00000402314; ENSP00000385943; ENSG00000144848. |
| GeneID | 64422. |
| KEGG | hsa:64422. |
| UCSC | uc003dzc.3. human. uc003dzd.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 64422. |
| GeneCards | GC03M112251. |
| HGNC | HGNC:20962. ATG3. |
| HPA | CAB037260. |
| MIM | 609606. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q9NT62. |
| PharmGKB | PA134883444. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG237080. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000234613. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG080876. |
| InParanoid | Q9NT62. |
| KO | K08343. |
| OMA | CSALCDE. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4M398Z. |
| PhylomeDB | Q9NT62. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q9NT62. |
| Bgee | Q9NT62. |
| CleanEx | HS_ATG3. |
| Genevestigator | Q9NT62. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000144848. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR007135. Autophagy-rel_prot_3. IPR019461. Autophagy-rel_prot_3_C. IPR007134. Autophagy-rel_prot_3_N. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF03987. Autophagy_act_C. 1 hit. PF10381. Autophagy_Cterm. 1 hit. PF03986. Autophagy_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| GenomeRNAi | 64422. |
| NextBio | 66413. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | ATG3_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9NT62 Secondary accession number(s): Q6PKC5, Q9H6L9 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 3 Human chromosome 3: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
