Q9NST1 (PLPL3_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 99.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 EC=3.1.1.3 Alternative name(s): Acylglycerol O-acyltransferase EC=2.3.1.- Adiponutrin Calcium-independent phospholipase A2-epsilon Short name=iPLA2-epsilon | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 481 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Multifunctional enzyme which has both triacylglycerol lipase and acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activities. Ref.7 |
| Catalytic activity | Triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate. |
| Pathway | |
| Subcellular location | |
| Induction | By changes in energy balance: down-regulated following very low-calorie diet, whereas refeeding elevates the mRNA level. Ref.8 |
| Polymorphism | Polymorphic variation at position 148 influences insulin secretion levels and obesity. In obese subjects the body mass index and waist are higher in carriers of the Ile-148 allele. The Ile-148 carriers also display decreased insulin secretion in response to oral glucose tolerance test. Met-148 allele carriers are seemingly more insulin resistant at a lower body mass index. |
| Involvement in disease | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 1 (NAFLD1) [MIM:613282]: A condition characterized by accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. It is associated with adverse metabolic consequences, including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. In a subset of individuals, hepatic steatosis promotes an inflammatory response in the liver, referred to as steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. NAFLD is the most common form of liver disease in Western countries. |
| Sequence similarities | Contains 1 patatin domain. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9NST1-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q9NST1-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 59-62: Missing. | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 481 | 481 | Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 | PRO_0000064458 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Topological domain | 1 – 41 | 41 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 42 – 62 | 21 | Helical; Signal-anchor for type II membrane protein; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 63 – 481 | 419 | Lumenal Potential | ||||||
| Domain | 10 – 179 | 170 | Patatin | ||||||
| Motif | 45 – 49 | 5 | GXSXG | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 47 | 1 | By similarity | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Glycosylation | 89 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential | ||||||
| Glycosylation | 280 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 59 – 62 | 4 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_036222 | |||||
| Natural variant | 99 | 1 | C → G. Ref.6 Corresponds to variant rs2076213 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_015845 | |||||
| Natural variant | 115 | 1 | G → C. Ref.3 Corresponds to variant rs2076212 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_015846 | |||||
| Natural variant | 148 | 1 | I → M Common polymorphism; fails to hydrolyze emulsified triglycerides; associated with increased hepatic fat content and serum aspartate aminotransferase concentrations. Ref.3 Ref.6 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Corresponds to variant rs738409 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_019961 | |||||
| Natural variant | 216 | 1 | T → P. Corresponds to variant rs35726887 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_053814 | |||||
| Natural variant | 434 | 1 | K → E. Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.5 Ref.6 Corresponds to variant rs2294918 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_015847 | |||||
| Natural variant | 453 | 1 | S → I Common polymorphism; associated with lower hepatic fat content in African Americans. Ref.10 Corresponds to variant rs6006460 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_053815 | |||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Reevaluating human gene annotation: a second-generation analysis of chromosome 22." Collins J.E., Goward M.E., Cole C.G., Smink L.J., Huckle E.J., Knowles S., Bye J.M., Beare D.M., Dunham I. Genome Res. 13:27-36(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [2] | "A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome." Collins J.E., Wright C.L., Edwards C.A., Davis M.P., Grinham J.A., Cole C.G., Goward M.E., Aguado B., Mallya M., Mokrab Y., Huckle E.J., Beare D.M., Dunham I. Genome Biol. 5:R84.1-R84.11(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT GLU-434. |
| [3] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2), VARIANTS CYS-115; MET-148 AND GLU-434. Tissue: Brain and Teratocarcinoma. |
| [4] | "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22." Dunham I., Hunt A.R., Collins J.E., Bruskiewich R., Beare D.M., Clamp M., Smink L.J., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C., Bailey J., Barlow K.F., Bates K.N., Beasley O.P., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E., Bridgeman A.M. Wright H.Nature 402:489-495(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [5] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT GLU-434. |
| [6] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANTS GLY-99; MET-148 AND GLU-434. Tissue: Brain and Skin. |
| [7] | "Identification, cloning, expression, and purification of three novel human calcium-independent phospholipase A2 family members possessing triacylglycerol lipase and acylglycerol transacylase activities." Jenkins C.M., Mancuso D.J., Yan W., Sims H.F., Gibson B., Gross R.W. J. Biol. Chem. 279:48968-48975(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [8] | "Adiponutrin: A new gene regulated by energy balance in human adipose tissue." Liu Y.-M., Moldes M., Bastard J.-P., Bruckert E., Viguerie N., Hainque B., Basdevant A., Langin D., Pairault J., Clement K. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89:2684-2689(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION. |
| [9] | "Polymorphisms in the adiponutrin gene are associated with increased insulin secretion and obesity." Johansson L.E., Lindblad U., Larsson C.A., Raastam L., Ridderstraale M. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 159:577-583(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT MET-148, POLYMORPHISM. |
| [10] | "Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease." Romeo S., Kozlitina J., Xing C., Pertsemlidis A., Cox D., Pennacchio L.A., Boerwinkle E., Cohen J.C., Hobbs H.H. Nat. Genet. 40:1461-1465(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS MET-148 AND ILE-453, INVOLVEMENT IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NAFLD1. |
| [11] | "A common variant in PNPLA3, which encodes adiponutrin, is associated with liver fat content in humans." Kotronen A., Johansson L.E., Johansson L.M., Roos C., Westerbacka J., Hamsten A., Bergholm R., Arkkila P., Arola J., Kiviluoto T., Fisher R.M., Ehrenborg E., Orho-Melander M., Ridderstrale M., Groop L., Yki-Jarvinen H. Diabetologia 52:1056-1060(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT MET-148, INVOLVEMENT IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NAFLD1. |
| [12] | "A sequence variation (I148M) in PNPLA3 associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease disrupts triglyceride hydrolysis." He S., McPhaul C., Li J.Z., Garuti R., Kinch L., Grishin N.V., Cohen J.C., Hobbs H.H. J. Biol. Chem. 285:6706-6715(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT MET-148. |
| [13] | "A nonsynonymous gene variant in the adiponutrin gene is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease severity." Sookoian S., Castano G.O., Burgueno A.L., Gianotti T.F., Rosselli M.S., Pirola C.J. J. Lipid Res. 50:2111-2116(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT MET-148, INVOLVEMENT IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NAFLD1. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AL138578 mRNA. Translation: CAB71238.2. CR456476 mRNA. Translation: CAG30362.1. AK123806 mRNA. Translation: BAG53962.1. AK315166 mRNA. Translation: BAG37610.1. AL023654, AL035398 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI21791.1. AL035398, AL023654 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI22840.1. AL023654, AL035398 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAQ07959.1. AL035398, AL023654 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAQ09484.1. CH471138 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW73324.1. BC014449 mRNA. Translation: AAH14449.2. BC065195 mRNA. Translation: AAH65195.1. |
| IPI | IPI00019245. IPI00878819. |
| RefSeq | NP_079501.2. NM_025225.2. |
| UniGene | Hs.654800. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q9NST1. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q9NST1. 2 interactions. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000216180. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q9NST1. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 32469599. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | Q9NST1. |
| PRIDE | Q9NST1. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 80339. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000216180; ENSP00000216180; ENSG00000100344. ENST00000423180; ENSP00000397987; ENSG00000100344. |
| GeneID | 80339. |
| KEGG | hsa:80339. |
| UCSC | uc003bei.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 80339. |
| GeneCards | GC22P044319. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0159175. |
| HGNC | HGNC:18590. PNPLA3. |
| MIM | 609567. gene. 613282. phenotype. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q9NST1. |
| Orphanet | 33271. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. |
| PharmGKB | PA38592. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG261571. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000007467. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG007046. |
| InParanoid | Q9NST1. |
| KO | K13534. |
| OMA | EEKGICN. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4T7839. |
| PhylomeDB | Q9NST1. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Reactome | REACT_111217. Metabolism. |
| UniPathway | UPA00256. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q9NST1. |
| Bgee | Q9NST1. |
| CleanEx | HS_PNPLA3. |
| Genevestigator | Q9NST1. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000100344. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR016035. Acyl_Trfase/lysoPLipase. IPR002641. Patatin/PLipase_A2-rel. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF01734. Patatin. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF52151. Acyl_Trfase/lysoPlipase. 1 hit. |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| GenomeRNAi | 80339. |
| NextBio | 70910. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | PLPL3_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9NST1 Secondary accession number(s): B0QYI0 Q96CB4 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 22 Human chromosome 22: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PATHWAY comments Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
