Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9LQT8 (GAI_ARATH)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    DELLA protein GAI
Alternative name(s):
    Gibberellic acid-insensitive mutant protein
    Restoration of growth on ammonia protein 2
    GRAS family protein 3
      Short name=AtGRAS-3

Gene names

Name:	GAI
Synonyms:	RGA2
Ordered Locus Names:	At1g14920
ORF Names:	F10B6.34

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › eurosids II › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	533 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene. Ref.2 Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.11 Ref.15 Ref.16
Subunit structure	Interacts directly with the GID2/SLY1 component of the SCF(GID2) complex. Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14
Subcellular location	Nucleus. Ref.10
Tissue specificity	Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed in rosette leaves, roots, stems and inflorescences of greenhouse grown. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.9
Post-translational modification	Phosphorylated By similarity. May be ubiquitinated, as suggested by its interaction with GID2. Ubiquitination is however unsure since in contrast to other DELLA proteins, it is not ubiquitinated and degraded upon GA application. Nevertheless, ubiquitination may be triggered by other processes.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the GRAS family. DELLA subfamily.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Gibberellin signaling pathway Transcription Transcription regulation
Cellular component	Nucleus
Molecular function	Developmental protein Repressor
PTM	Phosphoprotein Ubl conjugation
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	gibberellic acid mediated signaling Traceable author statement. Source: TAIR hyperosmotic salinity response Inferred from genetic interaction. Source: TAIR jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway Inferred from genetic interaction. Source: TAIR multicellular organismal development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR negative regulation of seed germination Inferred from genetic interaction. Source: TAIR phloem transport Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR regulation of nitrogen utilization Ref.1 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR regulation of oxygen and reactive oxygen species metabolic process Inferred from genetic interaction. Source: TAIR regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW response to abscisic acid stimulus Inferred from genetic interaction. Source: TAIR response to ethylene stimulus Inferred from genetic interaction. Source: TAIR response to far red light Inferred from expression pattern. Source: TAIR salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway Inferred from genetic interaction. Source: TAIR transcription Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	nucleus Ref.10 Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR
Molecular function	protein binding Ref.13 Inferred from physical interaction. Source: IntAct transcription factor activity Traceable author statement. Source: TAIR
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
GID2	Q9STX3	3	EBI-963606,EBI-619033

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 533	533	DELLA protein GAI		PRO_0000132235
Regions
	Motif	28 – 32	5	DELLA motif
	Motif	271 – 275	5	VHIID
	Motif	371 – 375	5	LXXLL motif
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	28 – 44	17	Missing in gai; causes a dwarf phenotype. Ref.2
	Mutagenesis	135 – 138	4	Missing: Does not affect nuclear localization. Ref.10
	Mutagenesis	219 – 223	5	Missing: Does not affect nuclear localization. Ref.10
	Sequence conflict	10	1	Missing in CAA72178. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	10	1	Missing in CAA75492. Ref.2
	Sequence conflict	208	1	K → Q in CAA72178. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q9LQT8-1 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 2000. Version 1. Checksum: 6464B8C129D79528	FASTA	533	58,927
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKRDHHHHHH QDKKTMMMNE EDDGNGMDEL LAVLGYKVRS SEMADVAQKL EQLEVMMSNV 70 80 90 100 110 120 QEDDLSQLAT ETVHYNPAEL YTWLDSMLTD LNPPSSNAEY DLKAIPGDAI LNQFAIDSAS 130 140 150 160 170 180 SSNQGGGGDT YTTNKRLKCS NGVVETTTAT AESTRHVVLV DSQENGVRLV HALLACAEAV 190 200 210 220 230 240 QKENLTVAEA LVKQIGFLAV SQIGAMRKVA TYFAEALARR IYRLSPSQSP IDHSLSDTLQ 250 260 270 280 290 300 MHFYETCPYL KFAHFTANQA ILEAFQGKKR VHVIDFSMSQ GLQWPALMQA LALRPGGPPV 310 320 330 340 350 360 FRLTGIGPPA PDNFDYLHEV GCKLAHLAEA IHVEFEYRGF VANTLADLDA SMLELRPSEI 370 380 390 400 410 420 ESVAVNSVFE LHKLLGRPGA IDKVLGVVNQ IKPEIFTVVE QESNHNSPIF LDRFTESLHY 430 440 450 460 470 480 YSTLFDSLEG VPSGQDKVMS EVYLGKQICN VVACDGPDRV ERHETLSQWR NRFGSAGFAA 490 500 510 520 530 AHIGSNAFKQ ASMLLALFNG GEGYRVEESD GCLMLGWHTR PLIATSAWKL STN

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Sequence and characterization of two Arabidopsis thaliana cDNAs isolated by functional complementation of a yeast gln3 gdh1 mutant." Truong H.-N., Caboche M., Daniel-Vedele F. FEBS Lett. 410:213-218(1997) [PubMed: 9237632] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[2]	"The Arabidopsis GAI gene defines a signaling pathway that negatively regulates gibberellin responses." Peng J., Carol P., Richards D.E., King K.E., Cowling R.J., Murphy G.P., Harberd N.P. Genes Dev. 11:3194-3205(1997) [PubMed: 9389651] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF 28-ASP--ALA-44. Strain: cv. Landsberg erecta.
[3]	"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S., White O., Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y., Buehler E., Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W., Chung M.K. , Conn L., Conway A.B., Conway A.R., Creasy T.H., Dewar K., Dunn P., Etgu P., Feldblyum T.V., Feng J.-D., Fong B., Fujii C.Y., Gill J.E., Goldsmith A.D., Haas B., Hansen N.F., Hughes B., Huizar L., Hunter J.L., Jenkins J., Johnson-Hopson C., Khan S., Khaykin E., Kim C.J., Koo H.L., Kremenetskaia I., Kurtz D.B., Kwan A., Lam B., Langin-Hooper S., Lee A., Lee J.M., Lenz C.A., Li J.H., Li Y.-P., Lin X., Liu S.X., Liu Z.A., Luros J.S., Maiti R., Marziali A., Militscher J., Miranda M., Nguyen M., Nierman W.C., Osborne B.I., Pai G., Peterson J., Pham P.K., Rizzo M., Rooney T., Rowley D., Sakano H., Salzberg S.L., Schwartz J.R., Shinn P., Southwick A.M., Sun H., Tallon L.J., Tambunga G., Toriumi M.J., Town C.D., Utterback T., Van Aken S., Vaysberg M., Vysotskaia V.S., Walker M., Wu D., Yu G., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C., Davis R.W. Nature 408:816-820(2000) [PubMed: 11130712] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed: 14593172] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[5]	"The Arabidopsis RGA gene encodes a transcriptional regulator repressing the gibberellin signal transduction pathway." Silverstone A.L., Ciampaglio C.N., Sun T.-P. Plant Cell 10:155-169(1998) [PubMed: 9490740] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[6]	"Gibberellins are not required for normal stem growth in Arabidopsis thaliana in the absence of GAI and RGA." King K.E., Moritz T., Harberd N.P. Genetics 159:767-776(2001) [PubMed: 11606551] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[7]	"Synergistic derepression of gibberellin signaling by removing RGA and GAI function in Arabidopsis thaliana." Dill A., Sun T.-P. Genetics 159:777-785(2001) [PubMed: 11606552] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[8]	"Expression of Arabidopsis GAI in transgenic rice represses multiple gibberellin responses." Fu X., Sudhakar D., Peng J., Richards D.E., Christou P., Harberd N.P. Plant Cell 13:1791-1802(2001) [PubMed: 11487693] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[9]	"Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis seed germination via RGL2, a GAI/RGA-like gene whose expression is up-regulated following imbibition." Lee S., Cheng H., King K.E., Wang W., He Y., Hussain A., Lo J., Harberd N.P., Peng J. Genes Dev. 16:646-658(2002) [PubMed: 11877383] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[10]	"Evidence that the Arabidopsis nuclear gibberellin signalling protein GAI is not destabilised by gibberellin." Fleck B., Harberd N.P. Plant J. 32:935-947(2002) [PubMed: 12492836] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, LACK OF DEGRADATION, MUTAGENESIS OF 135-LYS--LYS-138 AND 219-ARG--ARG-223.
[11]	"Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis floral development via suppression of DELLA protein function." Cheng H., Qin L., Lee S., Fu X., Richards D.E., Cao D., Luo D., Harberd N.P., Peng J. Development 131:1055-1064(2004) [PubMed: 14973286] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[12]	"The Arabidopsis F-box protein SLEEPY1 targets gibberellin signaling repressors for gibberellin-induced degradation." Dill A., Thomas S.G., Hu J., Steber C.M., Sun T.-P. Plant Cell 16:1392-1405(2004) [PubMed: 15155881] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH GID2.
[13]	"The Arabidopsis mutant sleepy1gar2-1 protein promotes plant growth by increasing the affinity of the SCFSLY1 E3 ubiquitin ligase for DELLA protein substrates." Fu X., Richards D.E., Fleck B., Xie D., Burton N., Harberd N.P. Plant Cell 16:1406-1418(2004) [PubMed: 15161962] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH GID2.
[14]	"Della proteins and gibberellin-regulated seed germination and floral development in Arabidopsis." Tyler L., Thomas S.G., Hu J., Dill A., Alonso J.M., Ecker J.R., Sun T.-P. Plant Physiol. 135:1008-1019(2004) [PubMed: 15173565] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH GID2.
[15]	"Floral homeotic genes are targets of gibberellin signaling in flower development." Yu H., Ito T., Zhao Y., Peng J., Kumar P., Meyerowitz E.M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:7827-7832(2004) [PubMed: 15128937] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[16]	"Loss of function of four DELLA genes leads to light- and gibberellin-independent seed germination in Arabidopsis." Cao D., Hussain A., Cheng H., Peng J. Planta 223:105-113(2005) [PubMed: 16034591] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBLGenBankDDBJ

Y11337 mRNA. Translation: CAA72178.1.
Y15193 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA75492.1.
AC006917 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF79228.1.
AY058194 mRNA. Translation: AAL25607.1.
AY142002 mRNA. Translation: AAM98266.1.

IPI

IPI00535232.

PIR

H86282.

RefSeq

NP_172945.1.

UniGene

At.15032

3D structure databases

PDBPDBe

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
2ZSH	X-ray	1.80	B	11-113	[»]
2ZSI	X-ray	1.80	B	11-113	[»]

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntAct

Q9LQT8. 4 interactions.

Genome annotation databases

GeneID

838057.

GenomeReviews

Gene locus AT1G14920 in contig CT485782_GR.

KEGG

ath:AT1G14920.

NMPDR

fig|3702.1.peg.1787.

Organism-specific databases

GeneFarm

4235. 427.

TAIR

At1g14920.

Phylogenomic databases

OMA

Q9LQT8. TERHETL.

Gene expression databases

GermOnline

AT1G14920. Arabidopsis thaliana.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR005202. GRAS.
[Graphical view]

Pfam

PF03514. GRAS. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PROSITE

PS50985. GRAS. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

GAI_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9LQT8
Secondary accession number(s): O23643, O23724

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 22, 2005
Last sequence update:	October 1, 2000
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 47 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

PPAP (Plant Proteome Annotation Project)