Q9HDB5 (NRX3B_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Neurexin-3-beta

Alternative name(s):
Neurexin III-beta

Cleaved into the following 2 chains:

1. Neurexin-3-beta, soluble form
2. Neurexin-3-beta, C-terminal fragment
   Short name=NRXN3-CTF

Gene names

Name:	NRXN3
Synonyms:	KIAA0743

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	637 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Neuronal cell surface protein that may be involved in cell recognition and cell adhesion. May play a role in angiogenesis By similarity.
Subunit structure	The cytoplasmic C-terminal region binds to CASK By similarity. Binds to neuroligins NLGN1, NLGN2 and NLGN3 By similarity. Weakly interacts with CBLN1 and CBLN2. Very weak binding, if any, with CBLN4 By similarity.
Subcellular location	Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Potential.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in the blood vessel walls (at protein level). Ref.8
Post-translational modification	Proccessed by alpha-secretase leading to the formation of an extracellular soluble protein as well as a C-terminal membrane-embedded fragment (CTF). Proteolysis of these CTFs by gamma-secretase releases intracellular domains (ICDs) and extracellular peptides.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the neurexin family. Contains 1 laminin G-like domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Angiogenesis Cell adhesion
Cellular component	Membrane
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative promoter usage Alternative splicing
Domain	Signal Transmembrane Transmembrane helix
PTM	Glycoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	angiogenesis Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB cell adhesion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 7 isoforms produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Note: A number of isoforms, alpha-type and beta-type are produced by alternative promoter usage. Beta-type isoforms differ from alpha-type isoforms in their N-terminus.

Isoform 1b (identifier: Q9HDB5-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2b (identifier: Q9HDB5-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     328-328: S → ST
     329-537: TGGELVIPLL...TSPMFRNVPT → GRS

Note: Produced by alternative splicing.

Isoform 3b (identifier: Q9HDB5-3)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     200-200: T → TGNTDNERFQMVKQKIPFKYNRPVEEWLQEK
     329-367: TGGELVIPLL...PPTFRPLLTI → GRSARSSNAA...PIIFISCVVH
     368-637: Missing.

Note: Produced by alternative splicing. No experimental confirmation available.

Isoform 4b (identifier: Q9HDB5-4)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     200-200: T → TGNTDNERFQMVKQKIPFKYNRPVEEWLQEK
     329-536: Missing.

Note: Produced by alternative splicing.

Isoform 1a (identifier: Q9Y4C0-1)

The sequence of this isoform can be found in the external entry Q9Y4C0.
Isoforms of the same protein are often annotated in two different entries if their sequences differ significantly.

Isoform 3a (identifier: Q9Y4C0-3)

The sequence of this isoform can be found in the external entry Q9Y4C0.
Isoforms of the same protein are often annotated in two different entries if their sequences differ significantly.

Note: Produced by alternative splicing.

Isoform 4a (identifier: Q9Y4C0-4)

The sequence of this isoform can be found in the external entry Q9Y4C0.
Isoforms of the same protein are often annotated in two different entries if their sequences differ significantly.

Note: Produced by alternative splicing.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 35	35	By similarity
	Chain	36 – 637	602	Neurexin-3-beta		PRO_0000019502
	Chain	36 – 550	515	Neurexin-3-beta, soluble form		PRO_0000412543
	Chain	551 – 637	87	Neurexin-3-beta, C-terminal fragment		PRO_0000412544
Regions
	Topological domain	36 – 562	527	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	563 – 583	21	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	584 – 637	54	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Domain	85 – 255	171	Laminin G-like
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	184	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	252	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	296	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	200	1	T → TGNTDNERFQMVKQKIPFKY NRPVEEWLQEK in isoform 3b and isoform 4b.		VSP_035644
	Alternative sequence	328	1	S → ST in isoform 2b.		VSP_036465
	Alternative sequence	329 – 537	209	TGGEL…RNVPT → GRS in isoform 2b.		VSP_036466
	Alternative sequence	329 – 536	208	Missing in isoform 4b.		VSP_040988
	Alternative sequence	329 – 367	39	TGGEL…PLLTI → GRSARSSNAARSLRAALTWT WRLTYTFTPIIFISCVVH in isoform 3b.		VSP_035646
	Alternative sequence	368 – 637	270	Missing in isoform 3b.		VSP_035647

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1b [UniParc]. Last modified December 16, 2008. Version 4. Checksum: A0F100DA9D72A149	FASTA	637	69,305
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MHLRIHARRS PPRRPAWTLG IWFLFWGCIV SSVWSSSNVA SSSSTSSSPG SHSQHEHHFH 70 80 90 100 110 120 GSKHHSVPIS IYRSPVSLRG GHAGATYIFG KSGGLILYTW PANDRPSTRS DRLAVGFSTT 130 140 150 160 170 180 VKDGILVRID SAPGLGDFLQ LHIEQGKIGV VFNIGTVDIS IKEERTPVND GKYHVVRFTR 190 200 210 220 230 240 NGGNATLQVD NWPVNEHYPT GRQLTIFNTQ AQIAIGGKDK GRLFQGQLSG LYYDGLKVLN 250 260 270 280 290 300 MAAENNPNIK INGSVRLVGE VPSILGTTQT TSMPPEMSTT VMETTTTMAT TTTRKNRSTA 310 320 330 340 350 360 SIQPTSDDLV SSAECSSDDE DFVECEPSTG GELVIPLLVE DPLATPPIAT RAPSITLPPT 370 380 390 400 410 420 FRPLLTIIET TKDSLSMTSE AGLPCLSDQG SDGCDDDGLV ISGYGSGETF DSNLPPTDDE 430 440 450 460 470 480 DFYTTFSLVT DKSLSTSIFE GGYKAHAPKW ESKDFRPNKV SETSRTTTTS LSPELIRFTA 490 500 510 520 530 540 SSSSGMVPKL PAGKMNNRDL KPQPDIVLLP LPTAYELDST KLKSPLITSP MFRNVPTANP 550 560 570 580 590 600 TEPGIRRVPG ASEVIRESSS TTGMVVGIVA AAALCILILL YAMYKYRNRD EGSYQVDETR 610 620 630 NYISNSAQSN GTLMKEKQQS SKSGHKKQKN KDREYYV
	Isoform 2b [UniParc]. Checksum: 75F3F114B012B232	FASTA	432	47,270
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MHLRIHARRS PPRRPAWTLG IWFLFWGCIV SSVWSSSNVA SSSSTSSSPG SHSQHEHHFH 70 80 90 100 110 120 GSKHHSVPIS IYRSPVSLRG GHAGATYIFG KSGGLILYTW PANDRPSTRS DRLAVGFSTT 130 140 150 160 170 180 VKDGILVRID SAPGLGDFLQ LHIEQGKIGV VFNIGTVDIS IKEERTPVND GKYHVVRFTR 190 200 210 220 230 240 NGGNATLQVD NWPVNEHYPT GRQLTIFNTQ AQIAIGGKDK GRLFQGQLSG LYYDGLKVLN 250 260 270 280 290 300 MAAENNPNIK INGSVRLVGE VPSILGTTQT TSMPPEMSTT VMETTTTMAT TTTRKNRSTA 310 320 330 340 350 360 SIQPTSDDLV SSAECSSDDE DFVECEPSTG RSANPTEPGI RRVPGASEVI RESSSTTGMV 370 380 390 400 410 420 VGIVAAAALC ILILLYAMYK YRNRDEGSYQ VDETRNYISN SAQSNGTLMK EKQQSSKSGH 430 KKQKNKDREY YV
	Isoform 3b [UniParc]. Checksum: 659003903B5F2950	FASTA	396	43,766
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MHLRIHARRS PPRRPAWTLG IWFLFWGCIV SSVWSSSNVA SSSSTSSSPG SHSQHEHHFH 70 80 90 100 110 120 GSKHHSVPIS IYRSPVSLRG GHAGATYIFG KSGGLILYTW PANDRPSTRS DRLAVGFSTT 130 140 150 160 170 180 VKDGILVRID SAPGLGDFLQ LHIEQGKIGV VFNIGTVDIS IKEERTPVND GKYHVVRFTR 190 200 210 220 230 240 NGGNATLQVD NWPVNEHYPT GNTDNERFQM VKQKIPFKYN RPVEEWLQEK GRQLTIFNTQ 250 260 270 280 290 300 AQIAIGGKDK GRLFQGQLSG LYYDGLKVLN MAAENNPNIK INGSVRLVGE VPSILGTTQT 310 320 330 340 350 360 TSMPPEMSTT VMETTTTMAT TTTRKNRSTA SIQPTSDDLV SSAECSSDDE DFVECEPSGR 370 380 390 SARSSNAARS LRAALTWTWR LTYTFTPIIF ISCVVH
	Isoform 4b [UniParc]. Checksum: 2717C48B9E990708	FASTA	459	50,705
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MHLRIHARRS PPRRPAWTLG IWFLFWGCIV SSVWSSSNVA SSSSTSSSPG SHSQHEHHFH 70 80 90 100 110 120 GSKHHSVPIS IYRSPVSLRG GHAGATYIFG KSGGLILYTW PANDRPSTRS DRLAVGFSTT 130 140 150 160 170 180 VKDGILVRID SAPGLGDFLQ LHIEQGKIGV VFNIGTVDIS IKEERTPVND GKYHVVRFTR 190 200 210 220 230 240 NGGNATLQVD NWPVNEHYPT GNTDNERFQM VKQKIPFKYN RPVEEWLQEK GRQLTIFNTQ 250 260 270 280 290 300 AQIAIGGKDK GRLFQGQLSG LYYDGLKVLN MAAENNPNIK INGSVRLVGE VPSILGTTQT 310 320 330 340 350 360 TSMPPEMSTT VMETTTTMAT TTTRKNRSTA SIQPTSDDLV SSAECSSDDE DFVECEPSTA 370 380 390 400 410 420 NPTEPGIRRV PGASEVIRES SSTTGMVVGI VAAAALCILI LLYAMYKYRN RDEGSYQVDE 430 440 450 TRNYISNSAQ SNGTLMKEKQ QSSKSGHKKQ KNKDREYYV
	Isoform 1a [UniParc]. See Q9Y4C0.		–	–
	Isoform 3a [UniParc]. See Q9Y4C0.		–	–
	Isoform 4a [UniParc]. See Q9Y4C0.		–	–

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Identification and characterization of heart-specific splicing of human neurexin 3 mRNA (NRXN3)." Occhi G., Rampazzo A., Beffagna G., Antonio Danieli G. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 298:151-155(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 3B). Tissue: Heart.
[2]	"Analysis of the human neurexin genes: alternative splicing and the generation of protein diversity." Rowen L., Young J., Birditt B., Kaur A., Madan A., Philipps D.L., Qin S., Minx P., Wilson R.K., Hood L., Graveley B.R. Genomics 79:587-597(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
[3]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1B). Tissue: Teratocarcinoma.
[4]	"The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium." Bechtel S., Rosenfelder H., Duda A., Schmidt C.P., Ernst U., Wellenreuther R., Mehrle A., Schuster C., Bahr A., Bloecker H., Heubner D., Hoerlein A., Michel G., Wedler H., Koehrer K., Ottenwaelder B., Poustka A., Wiemann S., Schupp I. BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2B). Tissue: Stomach.
[5]	"The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14." Heilig R., Eckenberg R., Petit J.-L., Fonknechten N., Da Silva C., Cattolico L., Levy M., Barbe V., De Berardinis V., Ureta-Vidal A., Pelletier E., Vico V., Anthouard V., Rowen L., Madan A., Qin S., Sun H., Du H. , Pepin K., Artiguenave F., Robert C., Cruaud C., Bruels T., Jaillon O., Friedlander L., Samson G., Brottier P., Cure S., Segurens B., Aniere F., Samain S., Crespeau H., Abbasi N., Aiach N., Boscus D., Dickhoff R., Dors M., Dubois I., Friedman C., Gouyvenoux M., James R., Madan A., Mairey-Estrada B., Mangenot S., Martins N., Menard M., Oztas S., Ratcliffe A., Shaffer T., Trask B., Vacherie B., Bellemere C., Belser C., Besnard-Gonnet M., Bartol-Mavel D., Boutard M., Briez-Silla S., Combette S., Dufosse-Laurent V., Ferron C., Lechaplais C., Louesse C., Muselet D., Magdelenat G., Pateau E., Petit E., Sirvain-Trukniewicz P., Trybou A., Vega-Czarny N., Bataille E., Bluet E., Bordelais I., Dubois M., Dumont C., Guerin T., Haffray S., Hammadi R., Muanga J., Pellouin V., Robert D., Wunderle E., Gauguet G., Roy A., Sainte-Marthe L., Verdier J., Verdier-Discala C., Hillier L.W., Fulton L., McPherson J., Matsuda F., Wilson R., Scarpelli C., Gyapay G., Wincker P., Saurin W., Quetier F., Waterston R., Hood L., Weissenbach J. Nature 421:601-607(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[7]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2B). Tissue: Placenta.
[8]	"The synaptic proteins neurexins and neuroligins are widely expressed in the vascular system and contribute to its functions." Bottos A., Destro E., Rissone A., Graziano S., Cordara G., Assenzio B., Cera M.R., Mascia L., Bussolino F., Arese M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:20782-20787(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[9]	"Processing of the synaptic cell adhesion molecule neurexin-3beta by Alzheimer disease alpha- and gamma-secretases." Bot N., Schweizer C., Ben Halima S., Fraering P.C. J. Biol. Chem. 286:2762-2773(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEOLYTIC PROCESSING.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AJ493127 mRNA. Translation: CAD37989.1. AF123462 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD13621.1. AK056530 mRNA. Translation: BAG51739.1. AL833739 mRNA. Translation: CAH56254.1. AC008056 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF09143.1. AC012099 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF15058.1. AC018514 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF99808.1. CH471061 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW81313.1. CH471061 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW81315.1. BC059368 mRNA. Translation: AAH59368.1. BC068469 mRNA. Translation: AAH68469.1. BC142649 mRNA. Translation: AAI42650.1. BC150194 mRNA. Translation: AAI50195.1.
IPI	IPI00034558. IPI00419705. IPI00853624. IPI00915413.
RefSeq	NP_001098720.1. NM_001105250.2. NP_001258949.1. NM_001272020.1. NP_004787.2. NM_004796.5. NP_620426.2. NM_138970.4.
UniGene	Hs.368307.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q9HDB5.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	9606.ENSP00000338349.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	218512141.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q9HDB5.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000281127; ENSP00000281127; ENSG00000021645. ENST00000428277; ENSP00000394426; ENSG00000021645. ENST00000555387; ENSP00000451393; ENSG00000021645. ENST00000557594; ENSP00000451672; ENSG00000021645.
GeneID	9369.
KEGG	hsa:9369.
UCSC	uc001xuq.2. human. uc001xur.4. human. uc010asw.3. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	9369.
GeneCards	GC14P078710.
HGNC	HGNC:8010. NRXN3.
HPA	HPA002727.
MIM	600567. gene.
neXtProt	NX_Q9HDB5.
PharmGKB	PA31788.
HUGE	Search...
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	HOG000230482.
HOVERGEN	HBG052670.
KO	K07377.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q9HDB5.
Bgee	Q9HDB5.
CleanEx	HS_NRXN3.
Genevestigator	Q9HDB5.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	2.60.120.200. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR008985. ConA-like_lec_gl_sf. IPR013320. ConA-like_subgrp. IPR001791. Laminin_G. IPR003585. Neurexin-like. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF02210. Laminin_G_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00294. 4.1m. 1 hit. SM00282. LamG. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF49899. ConA_like_lec_gl. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS50025. LAM_G_DOMAIN. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
ChiTaRS	NRXN3. human.
GenomeRNAi	9369.
NextBio	35088.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

NRX3B_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9HDB5
Secondary accession number(s): A5PKW8 , A8MPU5, B3KPM7, Q6NUR0, Q8IUD8

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 16, 2001
Last sequence update:	December 16, 2008
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 102 of the entry and version 4 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.