ID   RETN_HUMAN              Reviewed;         108 AA.
AC   Q9HD89; D6W649; Q540D9; Q76B53;
DT   26-SEP-2001, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-MAR-2001, sequence version 1.
DT   24-JAN-2024, entry version 166.
DE   RecName: Full=Resistin;
DE   AltName: Full=Adipose tissue-specific secretory factor;
DE            Short=ADSF;
DE   AltName: Full=C/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein;
DE   AltName: Full=Cysteine-rich secreted protein A12-alpha-like 2;
DE   AltName: Full=Cysteine-rich secreted protein FIZZ3;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=RETN; Synonyms=FIZZ3, HXCP1, RSTN; ORFNames=UNQ407/PRO1199;
OS   Homo sapiens (Human).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC   Homo.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RX   PubMed=10921885; DOI=10.1093/emboj/19.15.4046;
RA   Holcomb I.N., Kabakoff R.C., Chan B., Baker T.W., Gurney A., Henzel W.,
RA   Nelson C., Lowman H.B., Wright B.D., Skelton N.J., Frantz G.D., Tumas D.B.,
RA   Peale F.V. Jr., Shelton D.L., Hebert C.C.;
RT   "FIZZ1, a novel cysteine-rich secreted protein associated with pulmonary
RT   inflammation, defines a new gene family.";
RL   EMBO J. 19:4046-4055(2000).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX   PubMed=11201732; DOI=10.1038/35053000;
RA   Steppan C.M., Bailey S.T., Bhat S., Brown E.J., Banerjee R.R., Wright C.M.,
RA   Patel H.R., Ahima R.S., Lazar M.A.;
RT   "The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes.";
RL   Nature 409:307-312(2001).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=11090083;
RA   Kubota T., Kawano S., Chih D.Y., Hisatake Y., Chumakov A.M., Taguchi H.,
RA   Koeffler H.P.;
RT   "Representational difference analysis using myeloid cells from C/EBP
RT   epsilon deletional mice.";
RL   Blood 96:3953-3957(2000).
RN   [4]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, AND TISSUE
RP   SPECIFICITY.
RX   PubMed=15248836; DOI=10.1530/eje.0.1510151;
RA   Nohira T., Nagao K., Kameyama K., Nakai H., Fukumine N., Okabe K.,
RA   Kitano S., Hisatomi H.;
RT   "Identification of an alternative splicing transcript for the resistin gene
RT   and distribution of its mRNA in human tissue.";
RL   Eur. J. Endocrinol. 151:151-154(2004).
RN   [5]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RA   Rajala M.W., Scherer P.E.;
RT   "Identification of a novel cysteine-rich secreted A12-alpha related
RT   protein.";
RL   Submitted (JUL-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [6]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RA   Li M., Wu Y.C., Deng Y.J., Yang J.;
RT   "Homo sapiens resistin mRNA found in lymphocytes.";
RL   Submitted (DEC-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [7]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RX   PubMed=12975309; DOI=10.1101/gr.1293003;
RA   Clark H.F., Gurney A.L., Abaya E., Baker K., Baldwin D.T., Brush J.,
RA   Chen J., Chow B., Chui C., Crowley C., Currell B., Deuel B., Dowd P.,
RA   Eaton D., Foster J.S., Grimaldi C., Gu Q., Hass P.E., Heldens S., Huang A.,
RA   Kim H.S., Klimowski L., Jin Y., Johnson S., Lee J., Lewis L., Liao D.,
RA   Mark M.R., Robbie E., Sanchez C., Schoenfeld J., Seshagiri S., Simmons L.,
RA   Singh J., Smith V., Stinson J., Vagts A., Vandlen R.L., Watanabe C.,
RA   Wieand D., Woods K., Xie M.-H., Yansura D.G., Yi S., Yu G., Yuan J.,
RA   Zhang M., Zhang Z., Goddard A.D., Wood W.I., Godowski P.J., Gray A.M.;
RT   "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to
RT   identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics
RT   assessment.";
RL   Genome Res. 13:2265-2270(2003).
RN   [8]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RG   NIEHS SNPs program;
RL   Submitted (NOV-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [9]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=15057824; DOI=10.1038/nature02399;
RA   Grimwood J., Gordon L.A., Olsen A.S., Terry A., Schmutz J., Lamerdin J.E.,
RA   Hellsten U., Goodstein D., Couronne O., Tran-Gyamfi M., Aerts A.,
RA   Altherr M., Ashworth L., Bajorek E., Black S., Branscomb E., Caenepeel S.,
RA   Carrano A.V., Caoile C., Chan Y.M., Christensen M., Cleland C.A.,
RA   Copeland A., Dalin E., Dehal P., Denys M., Detter J.C., Escobar J.,
RA   Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Garcia C., Georgescu A.M., Glavina T., Gomez M.,
RA   Gonzales E., Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T., Haydu L., Ho I., Huang W.,
RA   Israni S., Jett J., Kadner K., Kimball H., Kobayashi A., Larionov V.,
RA   Leem S.-H., Lopez F., Lou Y., Lowry S., Malfatti S., Martinez D.,
RA   McCready P.M., Medina C., Morgan J., Nelson K., Nolan M., Ovcharenko I.,
RA   Pitluck S., Pollard M., Popkie A.P., Predki P., Quan G., Ramirez L.,
RA   Rash S., Retterer J., Rodriguez A., Rogers S., Salamov A., Salazar A.,
RA   She X., Smith D., Slezak T., Solovyev V., Thayer N., Tice H., Tsai M.,
RA   Ustaszewska A., Vo N., Wagner M., Wheeler J., Wu K., Xie G., Yang J.,
RA   Dubchak I., Furey T.S., DeJong P., Dickson M., Gordon D., Eichler E.E.,
RA   Pennacchio L.A., Richardson P., Stubbs L., Rokhsar D.S., Myers R.M.,
RA   Rubin E.M., Lucas S.M.;
RT   "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.";
RL   Nature 428:529-535(2004).
RN   [10]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RA   Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M.,
RA   Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J.,
RA   Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S.,
RA   Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H.,
RA   Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K.,
RA   Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D.,
RA   Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.;
RL   Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [11]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RC   TISSUE=Brain;
RX   PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG   The MGC Project Team;
RT   "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT   the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN   [12]
RP   FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH DEFA1, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX   PubMed=15064728; DOI=10.1038/sj.onc.1207126;
RA   Chumakov A.M., Kubota T., Walter S., Koeffler H.P.;
RT   "Identification of murine and human XCP1 genes as C/EBP-epsilon-dependent
RT   members of FIZZ/Resistin gene family.";
RL   Oncogene 23:3414-3425(2004).
RN   [13]
RP   IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX   PubMed=25944712; DOI=10.1002/pmic.201400617;
RA   Vaca Jacome A.S., Rabilloud T., Schaeffer-Reiss C., Rompais M., Ayoub D.,
RA   Lane L., Bairoch A., Van Dorsselaer A., Carapito C.;
RT   "N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.";
RL   Proteomics 15:2519-2524(2015).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Hormone that seems to suppress insulin ability to stimulate
CC       glucose uptake into adipose cells (By similarity). Potentially links
CC       obesity to diabetes (By similarity). Promotes chemotaxis in myeloid
CC       cells (PubMed:15064728). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99P87,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:15064728}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked (By similarity). Interacts with
CC       DEFA1 (PubMed:15064728). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99P87,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:15064728}.
CC   -!- INTERACTION:
CC       Q9HD89; O00155: GPR25; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-12384280, EBI-10178951;
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99P87}.
CC   -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC       Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC       Name=1;
CC         IsoId=Q9HD89-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC       Name=2; Synonyms=delta2ASV;
CC         IsoId=Q9HD89-2; Sequence=VSP_055861;
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in white adipose tissue (at protein
CC       level) (PubMed:11201732). Widely expressed, with particularly strong
CC       expression in lung, bone marrow, breast and peripheral blood
CC       (PubMed:15248836). Expressed strongly in bone marrow and at lower
CC       levels in lung, but not detected in other tissues (PubMed:15064728).
CC       Isoform 2 is detected in adipose tissue, bone marrow, brain, lung,
CC       peripheral blood, placenta and thymus (PubMed:15248836).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11201732, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15064728,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:15248836}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the resistin/FIZZ family. {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=NIEHS-SNPs;
CC       URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/retn/";
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DR   EMBL; AF205952; AAG02144.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AF323081; AAG59824.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AF352730; AAK18621.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AB111910; BAD04068.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AF290874; AAK83106.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AY207314; AAO38860.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AY359066; AAQ89425.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; DQ301958; ABB96251.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AC008763; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CH471139; EAW69015.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CH471139; EAW69016.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; BC069302; AAH69302.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; BC101554; AAI01555.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; BC101560; AAI01561.1; -; mRNA.
DR   CCDS; CCDS12182.1; -. [Q9HD89-1]
DR   CCDS; CCDS92503.1; -. [Q9HD89-2]
DR   RefSeq; NP_001180303.1; NM_001193374.1. [Q9HD89-1]
DR   RefSeq; NP_065148.1; NM_020415.3. [Q9HD89-1]
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q9HD89; -.
DR   SMR; Q9HD89; -.
DR   BioGRID; 121192; 16.
DR   IntAct; Q9HD89; 6.
DR   STRING; 9606.ENSP00000221515; -.
DR   BindingDB; Q9HD89; -.
DR   BioMuta; RETN; -.
DR   DMDM; 18202962; -.
DR   EPD; Q9HD89; -.
DR   jPOST; Q9HD89; -.
DR   MassIVE; Q9HD89; -.
DR   MaxQB; Q9HD89; -.
DR   PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000221515; -.
DR   PeptideAtlas; Q9HD89; -.
DR   ProteomicsDB; 68661; -.
DR   ProteomicsDB; 81842; -. [Q9HD89-1]
DR   Antibodypedia; 12160; 964 antibodies from 38 providers.
DR   DNASU; 56729; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000221515.6; ENSP00000221515.1; ENSG00000104918.8. [Q9HD89-1]
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000381324.2; ENSP00000370725.2; ENSG00000104918.8. [Q9HD89-2]
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000629642.1; ENSP00000485998.1; ENSG00000104918.8. [Q9HD89-2]
DR   GeneID; 56729; -.
DR   KEGG; hsa:56729; -.
DR   MANE-Select; ENST00000221515.6; ENSP00000221515.1; NM_020415.4; NP_065148.1.
DR   UCSC; uc002mhf.2; human. [Q9HD89-1]
DR   AGR; HGNC:20389; -.
DR   CTD; 56729; -.
DR   DisGeNET; 56729; -.
DR   GeneCards; RETN; -.
DR   HGNC; HGNC:20389; RETN.
DR   HPA; ENSG00000104918; Tissue enriched (bone).
DR   MalaCards; RETN; -.
DR   MIM; 605565; gene.
DR   neXtProt; NX_Q9HD89; -.
DR   OpenTargets; ENSG00000104918; -.
DR   PharmGKB; PA422; -.
DR   VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000104918; -.
DR   eggNOG; ENOG502S9XN; Eukaryota.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00390000016177; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q9HD89; -.
DR   OMA; CACGSAC; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 4323821at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q9HD89; -.
DR   TreeFam; TF337024; -.
DR   PathwayCommons; Q9HD89; -.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-6798695; Neutrophil degranulation.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-9615017; FOXO-mediated transcription of oxidative stress, metabolic and neuronal genes.
DR   SignaLink; Q9HD89; -.
DR   SIGNOR; Q9HD89; -.
DR   BioGRID-ORCS; 56729; 11 hits in 1141 CRISPR screens.
DR   GeneWiki; Resistin; -.
DR   GenomeRNAi; 56729; -.
DR   Pharos; Q9HD89; Tbio.
DR   PRO; PR:Q9HD89; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 19.
DR   RNAct; Q9HD89; Protein.
DR   Bgee; ENSG00000104918; Expressed in bone marrow and 113 other cell types or tissues.
DR   GO; GO:0035578; C:azurophil granule lumen; TAS:Reactome.
DR   GO; GO:0070062; C:extracellular exosome; HDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; TAS:Reactome.
DR   GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0035580; C:specific granule lumen; TAS:Reactome.
DR   GO; GO:0005179; F:hormone activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0045444; P:fat cell differentiation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR   GO; GO:2000252; P:negative regulation of feeding behavior; IEA:Ensembl.
DR   GO; GO:2000872; P:positive regulation of progesterone secretion; IEA:Ensembl.
DR   GO; GO:0050806; P:positive regulation of synaptic transmission; IEA:Ensembl.
DR   GO; GO:0032868; P:response to insulin; IEA:Ensembl.
DR   GO; GO:0009612; P:response to mechanical stimulus; IEA:Ensembl.
DR   CDD; cd16333; RELM; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 2.60.40.4230; Resistin head domain; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR009714; RELM.
DR   InterPro; IPR036262; Resistin-like_sf.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR21101; RESISTIN; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR21101:SF11; RESISTIN; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF06954; Resistin; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF111423; Resistin; 1.
DR   Genevisible; Q9HD89; HS.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Alternative splicing; Diabetes mellitus; Disulfide bond; Hormone; Obesity;
KW   Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal.
FT   SIGNAL          1..18
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   CHAIN           19..108
FT                   /note="Resistin"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000030341"
FT   DISULFID        22
FT                   /note="Interchain"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99P87"
FT   DISULFID        51..104
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99P87"
FT   DISULFID        63..103
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99P87"
FT   DISULFID        72..89
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99P87"
FT   DISULFID        74..91
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99P87"
FT   DISULFID        78..93
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99P87"
FT   VAR_SEQ         40..66
FT                   /note="IFRAISSIGLECQSVTSRGDLATCPRG -> S (in isoform 2)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15248836"
FT                   /id="VSP_055861"
SQ   SEQUENCE   108 AA;  11419 MW;  9B127DFE1699B4F1 CRC64;
     MKALCLLLLP VLGLLVSSKT LCSMEEAINE RIQEVAGSLI FRAISSIGLE CQSVTSRGDL
     ATCPRGFAVT GCTCGSACGS WDVRAETTCH CQCAGMDWTG ARCCRVQP
//