Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9HCR9 (PDE11_HUMAN)
Last modified
January 19, 2010.
Version 61.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Dual 3',5'-cyclic-AMP and -GMP phosphodiesterase 11A EC=3.1.4.17 EC=3.1.4.35 Alternative name(s): cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase 11A | ||
| Gene names |
| ||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 934 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of both cAMP and cGMP to 5'-AMP and 5'-GMP, respectively. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.3 |
| Catalytic activity | Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-phosphate. Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = adenosine 5'-phosphate. |
| Cofactor | Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Site 1 may preferentially bind zinc ions, while site 2 has a preference for magnesium and/or manganese ions By similarity. |
| Enzyme regulation | Inhibited by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), zaprinast and dipyridamole. cGMP acts as an allosteric activator. Weakly inhibited by Sildenafil (Viagra) and Tadalafil (Cialis); however, the fact that the protein is probably absent from testis, suggests that it is not biologically relevant and is not related with erectile dysfunction. Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.8 Ref.9 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Isoform 1 is present in prostate, pituitary, heart and liver. It is however not present in testis nor in penis, suggesting that weak inhibition by Tadalafil (Cialis) is not relevant (at protein level). Isoform 2 may be expressed in testis. Isoform 4 is expressed in adrenal cortex. Ref.2 Ref.8 Ref.4 Ref.7 Ref.10 |
| Domain | The tandem GAF domains bind cGMP, and regulate enzyme activity. The binding of cGMP leading to stimulate the enzyme activity. Ref.9 |
| Involvement in disease | Defects in PDE11A are the cause of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease type 2 (PPNAD2) [MIM:610475]. Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease is a rare bilateral adrenal defect causing ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome. PPNAD2 is characterized by adrenal glands with overall normal size and weight, and multiple small yellow-to-dark brown nodules surrounded by a cortex with a uniform appearance. Microscopically, there are moderate diffuse cortical hyperplasia with mostly nonpigmented nodules, multiple capsular deficits and massive circumscribed and infiltrating extra-adrenal cortical excrescences with micronodules. PPNAD2 leads to Cushing syndrome. Ref.10 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. Contains 2 GAF domains. |
| Biophysicochemical properties | Kinetic parameters: KM=3.0 µM for cAMP (isoform 1) KM=1.4 µM for cGMP (isoform 1) KM=3.0 µM for cAMP (isoform 2) KM=1.5 µM for cGMP (isoform 2) KM=3.3 µM for cAMP (isoform 3) KM=3.7 µM for cGMP (isoform 3) KM=1.04 µM for cAMP (isoform 4) KM=0.52 µM for cGMP (isoform 4) Vmax=3.6 pmol/min/µg enzyme with cAMP as substrate (isoform 4) Vmax=3.9 pmol/min/µg enzyme with cGMP as substrate (isoform 4) Vmax=270 pmol/min/µg enzyme with cAMP as substrate (isoform 1) Vmax=120 pmol/min/µg enzyme with cGMP as substrate (isoform 1) |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Cytoplasm |
| Coding sequence diversity | Alternative splicing Polymorphism |
| Domain | Repeat |
| Ligand | Metal-binding cAMP cGMP |
| Molecular function | Hydrolase |
| PTM | Phosphoprotein |
| Technical term | Allosteric enzyme Complete proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological process | signal transduction Ref.2 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc |
| Cellular component | cytosol Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell |
| Molecular function | 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC metal ion bindingInferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 4 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9HCR9-1) Also known as: PDE11A4; This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q9HCR9-2) Also known as: PDE11A3; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-250: Missing. 251-304: KTLVSKFFDV...ETVNIPDAYQ → MLKQARRPLF...FLIQRQTKTK | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: Q9HCR9-3) Also known as: PDE11A2; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-358: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 4 (identifier: Q9HCR9-4) Also known as: PDE11A1; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-444: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 934 | 934 | Dual 3',5'-cyclic-AMP and -GMP phosphodiesterase 11A | PRO_0000247040 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 217 – 370 | 154 | GAF 1 | ||||||
| Domain | 402 – 558 | 157 | GAF 2 | ||||||
| Region | 640 – 905 | 266 | Catalytic By similarity | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 664 | 1 | Proton donor By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 668 | 1 | Divalent metal cation 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 704 | 1 | Divalent metal cation 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 705 | 1 | Divalent metal cation 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 705 | 1 | Divalent metal cation 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 708 | 1 | Divalent metal cation 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 734 | 1 | Divalent metal cation 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 816 | 1 | Divalent metal cation 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 869 | 1 | cAMP or cGMP By similarity | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 162 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 444 | 444 | Missing in isoform 4. | VSP_019898 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 358 | 358 | Missing in isoform 3. | VSP_019899 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 250 | 250 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_019900 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 251 – 304 | 54 | KTLVS…PDAYQ → MLKQARRPLFRNVLSATQWK KVKITRLVQISGASLAEKQE KHQDFLIQRQTKTK in isoform 2. | VSP_019901 | |||||
| Natural variant | 804 | 1 | R → H | VAR_027056 | |||||
| Natural variant | 867 | 1 | R → G | VAR_027057 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 355 | 1 | D → A: Induces a decrease in enzyme activity due to the inability of cGMP to bind and stimulate enzyme activity. Ref.9 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Isolation and characterization of two novel phosphodiesterase PDE11A variants showing unique structure and tissue-specific expression." Yuasa K., Kotera J., Fujishige K., Michibata H., Sasaki T., Omori K. J. Biol. Chem. 275:31469-31479(2000) [PubMed: 10906126] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2), FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES. Tissue: Prostate. |
| [2] | "Molecular cloning and characterization of a distinct human phosphodiesterase gene family: PDE11A." Fawcett L., Baxendale R., Stacey P., McGrouther C., Harrow I., Soderling S., Hetman J., Beavo J.A., Phillips S.C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:3702-3707(2000) [PubMed: 10725373] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 4), FUNCTION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ENZYME REGULATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Tissue: Skeletal muscle. |
| [3] | "Cloning and characterisation of two splice variants of human phosphodiesterase 11A." Hetman J.M., Robas N.M., Baxendale R., Fidock M., Phillips S.C., Soderling S.H., Beavo J.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:12891-12895(2000) [PubMed: 11050148] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 2 AND 3), FUNCTION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ENZYME REGULATION. |
| [4] | "Genomic organization of the human phosphodiesterase PDE11A gene: evolutionary relatedness with other PDEs containing GAF domains." Yuasa K., Kanoh Y., Okumura K., Omori K. Eur. J. Biochem. 268:168-178(2001) [PubMed: 11121118] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], ALTERNATIVE SPLICING (ISOFORMS 1; 2 AND 4), TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [5] | "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4." Hillier L.W., Graves T.A., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Pepin K.H., Minx P., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L., Nash W.E., Kremitzki C., Oddy L., Du H. Wilson R.K.Nature 434:724-731(2005) [PubMed: 15815621] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [7] | "3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 11A: localization in human tissues." Loughney K., Taylor J., Florio V.A. Int. J. Impot. Res. 17:320-325(2005) [PubMed: 15800651] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [8] | "Phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11): is it a player in human testicular function?" Francis S.H. Int. J. Impot. Res. 17:467-468(2005) [PubMed: 16079899] [Abstract] Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [9] | "cAMP is a ligand for the tandem GAF domain of human phosphodiesterase 10 and cGMP for the tandem GAF domain of phosphodiesterase 11." Gross-Langenhoff M., Hofbauer K., Weber J., Schultz A., Schultz J.E. J. Biol. Chem. 281:2841-2846(2006) [PubMed: 16330539] [Abstract] Cited for: DOMAIN, ENZYME REGULATION, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-355. |
| [10] | "A genome-wide scan identifies mutations in the gene encoding phosphodiesterase 11A4 (PDE11A) in individuals with adrenocortical hyperplasia." Horvath A., Boikos S., Giatzakis C., Robinson-White A., Groussin L., Griffin K.J., Stein E., Levine E., Delimpasi G., Hsiao H.P., Keil M., Heyerdahl S., Matyakhina L., Libe R., Fratticci A., Kirschner L.S., Cramer K., Gaillard R.C. Stratakis C.A.Nat. Genet. 38:794-800(2006) [PubMed: 16767104] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN PPNAD2, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, VARIANTS HIS-804 AND GLY-867. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AB036704 mRNA. Translation: BAB16371.1. AB038041 mRNA. Translation: BAB16372.1. AJ251509 mRNA. Translation: CAB82573.1. AF281865 mRNA. Translation: AAG32023.1. AJ278682 mRNA. Translation: CAC15567.1. AB048423 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB62712.1. AB048423 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB62713.2. AB048423 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB62714.1. AC073834 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC073892 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC083824 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC011998 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC012499 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAY14803.1. BC112393 mRNA. Translation: AAI12394.1. BC114431 mRNA. Translation: AAI14432.1. |
| IPI | IPI00073708. IPI00783388. IPI00784056. IPI00784419. |
| RefSeq | NP_001070664.1. NP_001070665.1. NP_001070826.1. NP_058649.3. |
| UniGene | Hs.570273 |
3D structure databases | |
| SMR | Q9HCR9. Positions 205-570, 589-912. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| STRING | Q9HCR9. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q9HCR9. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PRIDE | Q9HCR9. |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000286063; ENSP00000286063; ENSG00000128655; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] |
| GeneID | 50940. |
| KEGG | hsa:50940. |
| UCSC | uc002ulp.1. human. uc002ulq.1. human. uc002ulr.1. human. uc002uls.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 50940. |
| GeneCards | GC02M178201. |
| HGNC | HGNC:8773. PDE11A. |
| MIM | 604961. gene. 610475. phenotype. |
| Orphanet | 553. Cushing syndrome. |
| PharmGKB | PA33121. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | prNOG18192. |
| HOVERGEN | Q9HCR9. |
| InParanoid | Q9HCR9. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BRENDA | 3.1.4.17. 247. 3.1.4.35. 247. |
| Reactome | REACT_14797. Signaling by GPCR. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q9HCR9. |
| Bgee | Q9HCR9. |
| CleanEx | HS_PDE11A. |
| Genevestigator | Q9HCR9. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000128655. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR003018. GAF. IPR003607. Metal-dep_PHydrolase_HD_dom. IPR002073. PDEase. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF01590. GAF. 2 hits. PF00233. PDEase_I. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00387. PDIESTERASE1. |
| SMART | SM00065. GAF. 2 hits. SM00471. HDc. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS00126. PDEASE_I. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| NextBio | 53391. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | PDE11_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9HCR9 Secondary accession number(s): Q14CD1 Q9NY45 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 2 Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


