Skip Header

Contribute Send feedback
Read comments (0) or add your own

Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9HCR9 (PDE11_HUMAN)

Last modified January 19, 2010. Version 61. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (5) | Third-party data | Customize display text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    Dual 3',5'-cyclic-AMP and -GMP phosphodiesterase 11A
    EC=3.1.4.17
    EC=3.1.4.35
Alternative name(s):
    cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase 11A
Gene names
Name: PDE11A
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length934 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of both cAMP and cGMP to 5'-AMP and 5'-GMP, respectively. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.3

Catalytic activity

Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-phosphate.

Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = adenosine 5'-phosphate.

Cofactor

Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Site 1 may preferentially bind zinc ions, while site 2 has a preference for magnesium and/or manganese ions By similarity.

Enzyme regulation

Inhibited by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), zaprinast and dipyridamole. cGMP acts as an allosteric activator. Weakly inhibited by Sildenafil (Viagra) and Tadalafil (Cialis); however, the fact that the protein is probably absent from testis, suggests that it is not biologically relevant and is not related with erectile dysfunction. Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.8 Ref.9

Subcellular location

Cytoplasmcytosol Ref.1.

Tissue specificity

Isoform 1 is present in prostate, pituitary, heart and liver. It is however not present in testis nor in penis, suggesting that weak inhibition by Tadalafil (Cialis) is not relevant (at protein level). Isoform 2 may be expressed in testis. Isoform 4 is expressed in adrenal cortex. Ref.2 Ref.8 Ref.4 Ref.7 Ref.10

Domain

The tandem GAF domains bind cGMP, and regulate enzyme activity. The binding of cGMP leading to stimulate the enzyme activity. Ref.9

Involvement in disease

Defects in PDE11A are the cause of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease type 2 (PPNAD2) [MIM:610475]. Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease is a rare bilateral adrenal defect causing ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome. PPNAD2 is characterized by adrenal glands with overall normal size and weight, and multiple small yellow-to-dark brown nodules surrounded by a cortex with a uniform appearance. Microscopically, there are moderate diffuse cortical hyperplasia with mostly nonpigmented nodules, multiple capsular deficits and massive circumscribed and infiltrating extra-adrenal cortical excrescences with micronodules. PPNAD2 leads to Cushing syndrome. Ref.10

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family.

Contains 2 GAF domains.

Biophysicochemical properties

Kinetic parameters:

KM=3.0 µM for cAMP (isoform 1)

KM=1.4 µM for cGMP (isoform 1)

KM=3.0 µM for cAMP (isoform 2)

KM=1.5 µM for cGMP (isoform 2)

KM=3.3 µM for cAMP (isoform 3)

KM=3.7 µM for cGMP (isoform 3)

KM=1.04 µM for cAMP (isoform 4)

KM=0.52 µM for cGMP (isoform 4)

Vmax=3.6 pmol/min/µg enzyme with cAMP as substrate (isoform 4)

Vmax=3.9 pmol/min/µg enzyme with cGMP as substrate (isoform 4)

Vmax=270 pmol/min/µg enzyme with cAMP as substrate (isoform 1)

Vmax=120 pmol/min/µg enzyme with cGMP as substrate (isoform 1)

Ontologies

Keywords
   Cellular componentCytoplasm
   Coding sequence diversityAlternative splicing
Polymorphism
   DomainRepeat
   LigandMetal-binding
cAMP
cGMP
   Molecular functionHydrolase
   PTMPhosphoprotein
   Technical termAllosteric enzyme
Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
   Biological processsignal transduction Ref.2

Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc

   Cellular componentcytosol

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell

   Molecular function3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC

metal ion binding

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 4 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9HCR9-1)

Also known as: PDE11A4;

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform 2 (identifier: Q9HCR9-2)

Also known as: PDE11A3;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-250: Missing.
     251-304: KTLVSKFFDV...ETVNIPDAYQ → MLKQARRPLF...FLIQRQTKTK
Isoform 3 (identifier: Q9HCR9-3)

Also known as: PDE11A2;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-358: Missing.
Isoform 4 (identifier: Q9HCR9-4)

Also known as: PDE11A1;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-444: Missing.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 934934Dual 3',5'-cyclic-AMP and -GMP phosphodiesterase 11A
PRO_0000247040

Regions

Domain217 – 370154GAF 1
Domain402 – 558157GAF 2
Region640 – 905266Catalytic By similarity

Sites

Active site6641Proton donor By similarity
Metal binding6681Divalent metal cation 1 By similarity
Metal binding7041Divalent metal cation 1 By similarity
Metal binding7051Divalent metal cation 1 By similarity
Metal binding7051Divalent metal cation 2 By similarity
Metal binding7081Divalent metal cation 2 By similarity
Metal binding7341Divalent metal cation 2 By similarity
Metal binding8161Divalent metal cation 1 By similarity
Binding site8691cAMP or cGMP By similarity

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue1621Phosphoserine By similarity

Natural variations

Alternative sequence1 – 444444Missing in isoform 4.
VSP_019898
Alternative sequence1 – 358358Missing in isoform 3.
VSP_019899
Alternative sequence1 – 250250Missing in isoform 2.
VSP_019900
Alternative sequence251 – 30454KTLVS…PDAYQ → MLKQARRPLFRNVLSATQWK KVKITRLVQISGASLAEKQE KHQDFLIQRQTKTK in isoform 2.
VSP_019901
Natural variant8041R → H
VAR_027056
Natural variant8671R → G
VAR_027057

Experimental info

Mutagenesis3551D → A: Induces a decrease in enzyme activity due to the inability of cGMP to bind and stimulate enzyme activity. Ref.9

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform 1 (PDE11A4) [UniParc].

Last modified March 1, 2001. Version 1.
Checksum: 994675824259447E

FASTA934104,811
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MAASRLDFGE VETFLDRHPE LFEDYLMRKG KQEMVEKWLQ RHSQGQGALG PRPSLAGTSS 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
LAHSTCRGGS SVGGGTGPNG SAHSQPLPGG GDCGGVPLSP SWAGGSRGDG NLQRRASQKE 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
LRKSFARSKA IHVNRTYDEQ VTSRAQEPLS SVRRRALLRK ASSLPPTTAH ILSALLESRV 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
NLPQYPPTAI DYKCHLKKHN ERQFFLELVK DISNDLDLTS LSYKILIFVC LMVDADRCSL 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
FLVEGAAAGK KTLVSKFFDV HAGTPLLPCS STENSNEVQV PWGKGIIGYV GEHGETVNIP 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
DAYQDRRFND EIDKLTGYKT KSLLCMPIRS SDGEIIGVAQ AINKIPEGAP FTEDDEKVMQ 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
MYLPFCGIAI SNAQLFAASR KEYERSRALL EVVNDLFEEQ TDLEKIVKKI MHRAQTLLKC 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
ERCSVLLLED IESPVVKFTK SFELMSPKCS ADAENSFKES MEKSSYSDWL INNSIAELVA 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
STGLPVNISD AYQDPRFDAE ADQISGFHIR SVLCVPIWNS NHQIIGVAQV LNRLDGKPFD 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
DADQRLFEAF VIFCGLGINN TIMYDQVKKS WAKQSVALDV LSYHATCSKA EVDKFKAANI 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
PLVSELAIDD IHFDDFSLDV DAMITAALRM FMELGMVQKF KIDYETLCRW LLTVRKNYRM 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
VLYHNWRHAF NVCQLMFAML TTAGFQDILT EVEILAVIVG CLCHDLDHRG TNNAFQAKSG 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
SALAQLYGTS ATLEHHHFNH AVMILQSEGH NIFANLSSKE YSDLMQLLKQ SILATDLTLY 

       790        800        810        820        830        840 
FERRTEFFEL VSKGEYDWNI KNHRDIFRSM LMTACDLGAV TKPWEISRQV AELVTSEFFE 

       850        860        870        880        890        900 
QGDRERLELK LTPSAIFDRN RKDELPRLQL EWIDSICMPL YQALVKVNVK LKPMLDSVAT 

       910        920        930 
NRSKWEELHQ KRLLASTASS SSPASVMVAK EDRN 

« Hide

Isoform 2 (PDE11A3).

Checksum: 1E41C4F5199D6B1E
Show »

FASTA68478,134
Isoform 3 (PDE11A2).

Checksum: 3992C4C95A5B0B36
Show »

FASTA57665,767
Isoform 4 (PDE11A1).

Checksum: 28FD77BC040834F4
Show »

FASTA49055,787

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"Isolation and characterization of two novel phosphodiesterase PDE11A variants showing unique structure and tissue-specific expression."
Yuasa K., Kotera J., Fujishige K., Michibata H., Sasaki T., Omori K.
J. Biol. Chem. 275:31469-31479(2000) [PubMed: 10906126] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2), FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
Tissue: Prostate.
[2]"Molecular cloning and characterization of a distinct human phosphodiesterase gene family: PDE11A."
Fawcett L., Baxendale R., Stacey P., McGrouther C., Harrow I., Soderling S., Hetman J., Beavo J.A., Phillips S.C.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:3702-3707(2000) [PubMed: 10725373] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 4), FUNCTION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ENZYME REGULATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
Tissue: Skeletal muscle.
[3]"Cloning and characterisation of two splice variants of human phosphodiesterase 11A."
Hetman J.M., Robas N.M., Baxendale R., Fidock M., Phillips S.C., Soderling S.H., Beavo J.A.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:12891-12895(2000) [PubMed: 11050148] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 2 AND 3), FUNCTION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ENZYME REGULATION.
[4]"Genomic organization of the human phosphodiesterase PDE11A gene: evolutionary relatedness with other PDEs containing GAF domains."
Yuasa K., Kanoh Y., Okumura K., Omori K.
Eur. J. Biochem. 268:168-178(2001) [PubMed: 11121118] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], ALTERNATIVE SPLICING (ISOFORMS 1; 2 AND 4), TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[5]"Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4."
Hillier L.W., Graves T.A., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Pepin K.H., Minx P., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L., Nash W.E., Kremitzki C., Oddy L., Du H. expand/collapse author list , Sun H., Bradshaw-Cordum H., Ali J., Carter J., Cordes M., Harris A., Isak A., van Brunt A., Nguyen C., Du F., Courtney L., Kalicki J., Ozersky P., Abbott S., Armstrong J., Belter E.A., Caruso L., Cedroni M., Cotton M., Davidson T., Desai A., Elliott G., Erb T., Fronick C., Gaige T., Haakenson W., Haglund K., Holmes A., Harkins R., Kim K., Kruchowski S.S., Strong C.M., Grewal N., Goyea E., Hou S., Levy A., Martinka S., Mead K., McLellan M.D., Meyer R., Randall-Maher J., Tomlinson C., Dauphin-Kohlberg S., Kozlowicz-Reilly A., Shah N., Swearengen-Shahid S., Snider J., Strong J.T., Thompson J., Yoakum M., Leonard S., Pearman C., Trani L., Radionenko M., Waligorski J.E., Wang C., Rock S.M., Tin-Wollam A.-M., Maupin R., Latreille P., Wendl M.C., Yang S.-P., Pohl C., Wallis J.W., Spieth J., Bieri T.A., Berkowicz N., Nelson J.O., Osborne J., Ding L., Meyer R., Sabo A., Shotland Y., Sinha P., Wohldmann P.E., Cook L.L., Hickenbotham M.T., Eldred J., Williams D., Jones T.A., She X., Ciccarelli F.D., Izaurralde E., Taylor J., Schmutz J., Myers R.M., Cox D.R., Huang X., McPherson J.D., Mardis E.R., Clifton S.W., Warren W.C., Chinwalla A.T., Eddy S.R., Marra M.A., Ovcharenko I., Furey T.S., Miller W., Eichler E.E., Bork P., Suyama M., Torrents D., Waterston R.H., Wilson R.K.
Nature 434:724-731(2005) [PubMed: 15815621] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[7]"3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 11A: localization in human tissues."
Loughney K., Taylor J., Florio V.A.
Int. J. Impot. Res. 17:320-325(2005) [PubMed: 15800651] [Abstract]
Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[8]"Phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11): is it a player in human testicular function?"
Francis S.H.
Int. J. Impot. Res. 17:467-468(2005) [PubMed: 16079899] [Abstract]
Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[9]"cAMP is a ligand for the tandem GAF domain of human phosphodiesterase 10 and cGMP for the tandem GAF domain of phosphodiesterase 11."
Gross-Langenhoff M., Hofbauer K., Weber J., Schultz A., Schultz J.E.
J. Biol. Chem. 281:2841-2846(2006) [PubMed: 16330539] [Abstract]
Cited for: DOMAIN, ENZYME REGULATION, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-355.
[10]"A genome-wide scan identifies mutations in the gene encoding phosphodiesterase 11A4 (PDE11A) in individuals with adrenocortical hyperplasia."
Horvath A., Boikos S., Giatzakis C., Robinson-White A., Groussin L., Griffin K.J., Stein E., Levine E., Delimpasi G., Hsiao H.P., Keil M., Heyerdahl S., Matyakhina L., Libe R., Fratticci A., Kirschner L.S., Cramer K., Gaillard R.C. expand/collapse author list , Bertagna X., Carney J.A., Bertherat J., Bossis I., Stratakis C.A.
Nat. Genet. 38:794-800(2006) [PubMed: 16767104] [Abstract]
Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN PPNAD2, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, VARIANTS HIS-804 AND GLY-867.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ
AB036704 mRNA. Translation: BAB16371.1.
AB038041 mRNA. Translation: BAB16372.1.
AJ251509 mRNA. Translation: CAB82573.1.
AF281865 mRNA. Translation: AAG32023.1.
AJ278682 mRNA. Translation: CAC15567.1.
AB048423 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB62712.1.
AB048423 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB62713.2.
AB048423 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB62714.1.
AC073834 Genomic DNA. No translation available.
AC073892 Genomic DNA. No translation available.
AC083824 Genomic DNA. No translation available.
AC011998 Genomic DNA. No translation available.
AC012499 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAY14803.1.
BC112393 mRNA. Translation: AAI12394.1.
BC114431 mRNA. Translation: AAI14432.1.
IPIIPI00073708.
IPI00783388.
IPI00784056.
IPI00784419.
RefSeqNP_001070664.1.
NP_001070665.1.
NP_001070826.1.
NP_058649.3.
UniGeneHs.570273

3D structure databases

SMRQ9HCR9. Positions 205-570, 589-912.
ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

STRINGQ9HCR9.

PTM databases

PhosphoSiteQ9HCR9.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEQ9HCR9.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENST00000286063; ENSP00000286063; ENSG00000128655; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]
GeneID50940.
KEGGhsa:50940.
UCSCuc002ulp.1. human.
uc002ulq.1. human.
uc002ulr.1. human.
uc002uls.1. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD50940.
GeneCardsGC02M178201.
HGNCHGNC:8773. PDE11A.
MIM604961. gene.
610475. phenotype.
Orphanet553. Cushing syndrome.
PharmGKBPA33121.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGprNOG18192.
HOVERGENQ9HCR9.
InParanoidQ9HCR9.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BRENDA3.1.4.17. 247.
3.1.4.35. 247.
ReactomeREACT_14797. Signaling by GPCR.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressQ9HCR9.
BgeeQ9HCR9.
CleanExHS_PDE11A.
GenevestigatorQ9HCR9.
GermOnlineENSG00000128655. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR003018. GAF.
IPR003607. Metal-dep_PHydrolase_HD_dom.
IPR002073. PDEase.
[Graphical view]
PfamPF01590. GAF. 2 hits.
PF00233. PDEase_I. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PRINTSPR00387. PDIESTERASE1.
SMARTSM00065. GAF. 2 hits.
SM00471. HDc. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PROSITEPS00126. PDEASE_I. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other Resources

NextBio53391.
SOURCESearch...

Entry information

Entry namePDE11_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: Q9HCR9
Secondary accession number(s): Q14CD1 expand/collapse secondary AC list , Q53T16, Q96S76, Q9GZY7, Q9HB46, Q9NY45
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: July 25, 2006
Last sequence update: March 1, 2001
Last modified: January 19, 2010
This is version 61 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectHPI (Human Proteome Initiative)
DisclaimerAny medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Relevant documents

Human chromosome 2

Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

Human polymorphisms and disease mutations

Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents