Q9H772 (GREM2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Gremlin-2

Alternative name(s):
Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 2
DAN domain family member 3
Protein related to DAN and cerberus

Gene names

Name:	GREM2
Synonyms:	CKTSF1B2, DAND3, PRDC

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	168 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Cytokine that inhibits the activity of BMP2 and BMP4 in a dose-dependent manner. Antagonized BMP4-induced suppression of progesterone production in granulosa cells By similarity.
Subunit structure	Interacts with BMP2 and BMP4 By similarity.
Subcellular location	Secreted Probable.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the DAN family. Contains 1 CTCK (C-terminal cystine knot-like) domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Cytokine
PTM	Disulfide bond Glycoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	BMP signaling pathway Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome
Cellular_component	extracellular region Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome extracellular space Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 21	21	Potential
	Chain	22 – 168	147	Gremlin-2		PRO_0000006720
Regions
	Domain	73 – 163	91	CTCK
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	40	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	161	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Disulfide bond	73 ↔ 123		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	87 ↔ 137		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	97 ↔ 155		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	101 ↔ 157		By similarity
Natural variations
	Natural variant	131	1	V → I. Corresponds to variant rs34188522 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_048876
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	11	1	L → M in AAH46632. Ref.3
	Sequence conflict	31	1	P → H in AAH46632. Ref.3

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q9H772 [UniParc]. Last modified March 1, 2001. Version 1. Checksum: D5A4E4E818BF8C0E	FASTA	168	19,320
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MFWKLSLSLF LVAVLVKVAE ARKNRPAGAI PSPYKDGSSN NSERWQHQIK EVLASSQEAL 70 80 90 100 110 120 VVTERKYLKS DWCKTQPLRQ TVSEEGCRSR TILNRFCYGQ CNSFYIPRHV KKEEESFQSC 130 140 150 160 AFCKPQRVTS VLVELECPGL DPPFRLKKIQ KVKQCRCMSV NLSDSDKQ

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Colon.
[2]	"The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1." Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K. , Atkinson A., Cooper R., Jones C., Hall R.E., Andrews T.D., Lloyd C., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Anderson F., Andrew R.W., Ashwell R.I.S., Aubin K., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Beasley H., Bethel G., Bird C.P., Bray-Allen S., Brown J.Y., Brown A.J., Buckley D., Burton J., Bye J., Carder C., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C., Cobley V., Collier R.E., Corby N., Coville G.J., Davies J., Deadman R., Dunn M., Earthrowl M., Ellington A.G., Errington H., Frankish A., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Gay L., Ghori M.R.J., Gibson R., Gilby L.M., Gillett W., Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths-Jones S., Grocock R., Hammond S., Harrison E.S.I., Hart E., Haugen E., Heath P.D., Holmes S., Holt K., Howden P.J., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Hunter G., Isherwood J., James R., Johnson C., Johnson D., Joy A., Kay M., Kershaw J.K., Kibukawa M., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A.J., Lad H., Laird G., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., Lush M.J., Lyne R., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Matthews N.S.W., McLaren S., Milne S., Mistry S., Moore M.J.F., Nickerson T., O'Dell C.N., Oliver K., Palmeiri A., Palmer S.A., Parker A., Patel D., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phelps K., Phillimore B.J., Plumb R., Rajan J., Raymond C., Rouse G., Saenphimmachak C., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C., Subramanian S., Sycamore N., Tracey A., Tromans A., Van Helmond Z., Wall M., Wallis J.M., White S., Whitehead S.L., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams H., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Wu Z., Coulson A., Vaudin M., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Wooster R., Dunham I., Carter N.P., McVean G., Ross M.T., Harrow J., Olson M.V., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R. Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[4]	"Identification and characterization of human CKTSF1B2 and CKTSF1B3 genes in silico." Katoh M., Katoh M. Oncol. Rep. 12:423-427(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AK024848 mRNA. Translation: BAB15026.1. AL358176 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAH74074.1. BC046632 mRNA. Translation: AAH46632.1.
IPI	IPI00328709.
RefSeq	NP_071914.3. NM_022469.3.
UniGene	Hs.98206.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q9H772.
SMR	Q9H772. Positions 68-160.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	9606.ENSP00000318650.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q9H772.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	62510699.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	Q9H772.
PRIDE	Q9H772.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000318160; ENSP00000318650; ENSG00000180875.
GeneID	64388.
KEGG	hsa:64388.
UCSC	uc001hys.3. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	64388.
GeneCards	GC01M240652.
HGNC	HGNC:17655. GREM2.
HPA	CAB009920.
MIM	608832. gene.
neXtProt	NX_Q9H772.
PharmGKB	PA134968998.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG41424.
HOGENOM	HOG000237358.
HOVERGEN	HBG051837.
InParanoid	Q9H772.
OMA	PSPYKDS.
OrthoDB	EOG4Z62PP.
PhylomeDB	Q9H772.
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactome	REACT_111102. Signal Transduction.
Gene expression databases
Bgee	Q9H772.
CleanEx	HS_GREM2.
Genevestigator	Q9H772.
GermOnline	ENSG00000180875. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR006207. Cys_knot_C. IPR004133. DAN. IPR017159. Gremlin_precursor. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF03045. DAN. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PIRSF	PIRSF037254. Gremlin_precursor. 1 hit.
SMART	SM00041. CT. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS01225. CTCK_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
GenomeRNAi	64388.
NextBio	66317.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

GREM2_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9H772
Secondary accession number(s): Q86UD9

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 12, 2005
Last sequence update:	March 1, 2001
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 81 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.