Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9H3M7 (TXNIP_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Thioredoxin-interacting protein
Alternative name(s):
    Vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1
    Thioredoxin-binding protein 2

Gene names

Name:	TXNIP
Synonyms:	VDUP1

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	391 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	May act as an oxidative stress mediator by inhibiting thioredoxin activity or by limiting its bioavailability. Interacts with COPS5 and restores COPS5-induced suppression of CDKN1B stability, blocking the COPS5-mediated translocation of CDKN1B from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Functions as a transcriptional repressor, possibly by acting as a bridge molecule between transcription factors and corepressor complexes, and over-expression will induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Required for the maturation of natural killer cells. Ref.2 Ref.7
Subunit structure	Interacts with TXN/thioredoxin through its redox-active site. Interacts with transcriptional repressors ZBTB16, ZBTB32 and HDAC1. Ref.2 Ref.7
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm By similarity.
Induction	By 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 and TGFB1. Down-regulated in response to oxidative stress. Ref.2 Ref.7 Ref.1
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the arrestin family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Cell cycle Transcription Transcription regulation
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
PTM	Isopeptide bond Phosphoprotein Ubl conjugation
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	cell cycle Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW keratinocyte differentiation Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB regulation of transcription Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW transcription Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular function	protein binding Inferred from physical interaction. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
TXN	P10599	2	EBI-1369170,EBI-594644

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 391	391	Thioredoxin-interacting protein		PRO_0000250489
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	349	1	Phosphothreonine Ref.9
	Modified residue	361	1	Phosphoserine Ref.9
	Cross-link	212		Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin) Ref.8
Natural variations
	Natural variant	177	1	R → Q: dbSNP rs6674773.		VAR_048334
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	26	1	K → R in AAB31977. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	26	1	K → R in AAT01927. Ref.2

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q9H3M7-1 [UniParc]. Last modified March 1, 2001. Version 1. Checksum: B0FE2D35D0B0735A	FASTA	391	43,661
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MVMFKKIKSF EVVFNDPEKV YGSGEKVAGR VIVEVCEVTR VKAVRILACG VAKVLWMQGS 70 80 90 100 110 120 QQCKQTSEYL RYEDTLLLED QPTGENEMVI MRPGNKYEYK FGFELPQGPL GTSFKGKYGC 130 140 150 160 170 180 VDYWVKAFLD RPSQPTQETK KNFEVVDLVD VNTPDLMAPV SAKKEKKVSC MFIPDGRVSV 190 200 210 220 230 240 SARIDRKGFC EGDEISIHAD FENTCSRIVV PKAAIVARHT YLANGQTKVL TQKLSSVRGN 250 260 270 280 290 300 HIISGTCASW RGKSLRVQKI RPSILGCNIL RVEYSLLIYV SVPGSKKVIL DLPLVIGSRS 310 320 330 340 350 360 GLSSRTSSMA SRTSSEMSWV DLNIPDTPEA PPCYMDVIPE DHRLESPTTP LLDDMDGSQD 370 380 390 SPIFMYAPEF KFMPPPTYTE VDPCILNNNV Q

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Isolation and characterization of a novel cDNA from HL-60 cells treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3." Chen K.-S., DeLuca H.F. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1219:26-32(1994) [PubMed: 8086474] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], INDUCTION.
[2]	"Regulation of the bioavailability of thioredoxin in the lens by a specific thioredoxin-binding protein (TBP-2)." Liyanage N.P.M., Fernando M.R., Lou M.F. Exp. Eye Res. 85:270-279(2007) [PubMed: 17603038] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH TXN, INDUCTION. Tissue: Lens.
[3]	"Homo sapiens VDUP1 gene." Toyama S. Submitted (DEC-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	"The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1." Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K. , Atkinson A., Cooper R., Jones C., Hall R.E., Andrews T.D., Lloyd C., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Anderson F., Andrew R.W., Ashwell R.I.S., Aubin K., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Beasley H., Bethel G., Bird C.P., Bray-Allen S., Brown J.Y., Brown A.J., Buckley D., Burton J., Bye J., Carder C., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C., Cobley V., Collier R.E., Corby N., Coville G.J., Davies J., Deadman R., Dunn M., Earthrowl M., Ellington A.G., Errington H., Frankish A., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Gay L., Ghori M.R.J., Gibson R., Gilby L.M., Gillett W., Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths-Jones S., Grocock R., Hammond S., Harrison E.S.I., Hart E., Haugen E., Heath P.D., Holmes S., Holt K., Howden P.J., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Hunter G., Isherwood J., James R., Johnson C., Johnson D., Joy A., Kay M., Kershaw J.K., Kibukawa M., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A.J., Lad H., Laird G., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., Lush M.J., Lyne R., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Matthews N.S.W., McLaren S., Milne S., Mistry S., Moore M.J.F., Nickerson T., O'Dell C.N., Oliver K., Palmeiri A., Palmer S.A., Parker A., Patel D., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phelps K., Phillimore B.J., Plumb R., Rajan J., Raymond C., Rouse G., Saenphimmachak C., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C., Subramanian S., Sycamore N., Tracey A., Tromans A., Van Helmond Z., Wall M., Wallis J.M., White S., Whitehead S.L., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams H., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Wu Z., Coulson A., Vaudin M., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Wooster R., Dunham I., Carter N.P., McVean G., Ross M.T., Harrow J., Olson M.V., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R. Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed: 16710414] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[6]	"Cloning and characterization of human VDUP1 gene." Park J.B. Submitted (JAN-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-38.
[7]	"VDUP1 upregulated by TGF-beta1 and 1,25-dihydorxyvitamin D3 inhibits tumor cell growth by blocking cell-cycle progression." Han S.H., Jeon J.H., Ju H.R., Jung U., Kim K.Y., Yoo H.S., Lee Y.H., Song K.S., Hwang H.M., Na Y.S., Yang Y., Lee K.N., Choi I. Oncogene 22:4035-4046(2003) [PubMed: 12821938] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INDUCTION, INTERACTION WITH ZBTB16; ZBTB32 AND HDAC1.
[8]	"Quantitative analysis of global ubiquitination in HeLa cells by mass spectrometry." Meierhofer D., Wang X., Huang L., Kaiser P. J. Proteome Res. 7:4566-4576(2008) [PubMed: 18781797] [Abstract] Cited for: UBIQUITINATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-212, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[9]	"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed: 18669648] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-349 AND SER-361, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	S73591 mRNA. Translation: AAB31977.2. AY594328 mRNA. Translation: AAT01927.2. AB051901 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB18859.1. AL138842, AL160282 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI22351.1. BC093702 mRNA. Translation: AAH93702.1. BC093704 mRNA. Translation: AAH93704.1. AF333001 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK37514.1.
IPI	IPI00007956.
RefSeq	NP_006463.3.
UniGene	Hs.533977
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q9H3M7. 1 interaction.
STRING	Q9H3M7.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q9H3M7.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q9H3M7.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000369317; ENSP00000358323; ENSG00000117289; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]
GeneID	10628.
KEGG	hsa:10628.
UCSC	uc001enn.2. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	10628.
GeneCards	GC01P144149.
HGNC	HGNC:16952. TXNIP.
HPA	CAB013291.
MIM	606599. gene.
PharmGKB	PA38194.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	Q9H3M7.
OMA	EAPPCYM
OrthoDB	EOG9258D1
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q9H3M7.
Bgee	Q9H3M7.
CleanEx	HS_TXNIP.
Genevestigator	Q9H3M7.
GermOnline	ENSG00000117289. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR011022. Arrestin-like_C. IPR011021. Arrestin-like_N. IPR014756. Ig_E-set. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF02752. Arrestin_C. 1 hit. PF00339. Arrestin_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	40381.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

TXNIP_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9H3M7
Secondary accession number(s): Q16226, Q6PML0, Q9BXG9

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 3, 2006
Last sequence update:	March 1, 2001
Last modified:	November 24, 2009
This is version 56 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.