Q9H237 (PORCN_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 86.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Protein-cysteine N-palmitoyltransferase porcupine EC=2.3.1.- Alternative name(s): Protein MG61 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 461 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | protein-cysteine N-palmitoyltransferase that modulates the processing of Wnt proteins by mediating serine palmitoylation of Wnt family members. Ref.1 Ref.7 |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with WNT1, WNT3, WNT3A, WNT4, WNT5A, WNT5B, WNT6, WNT7A and WNT7B By similarity. |
| Subcellular location | Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein By similarity. |
| Tissue specificity | Isoform 1 is expressed in fetal brain, brain, amygdala, caudate nucleus, cerebellum, hippocampus, pituitary, thalamus, heart, skeletal muscle and testis. Isoform 4 is expressed in amygdala, corpus callosum, hippocampus, spinal cord, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, uterus, testis. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 are expressed in substantia negra, spinal cord, heart and lung. Ref.1 |
| Involvement in disease | Focal dermal hypoplasia (FODH) [MIM:305600]: A rare congenital ectomesodermal disorder characterized by a combination of skin defects, skeletal abnormalities, and ocular anomalies. Affected individuals have patchy dermal hypoplasia, often in a distribution pattern following the Blaschko lines, and areas of subcutaneous fat herniation or deposition of fat into the dermis. In addition, sparse and brittle hair, hypoplastic nails and papillomas have been described. Skeletal abnormalities usually comprise syndactyly, ectrodactyly, and brachydactyly, and in some cases osteopathia striata has been seen. Patients frequently have ocular anomalies, including microphthalmia/ anophthalmia, coloboma, pigmentary and vascularization defects of the retina. Dental abnormalities are often present. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family. Porcupine subfamily. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence AAA74510.1 differs from that shown. Reason: The sequence differs from that shown upstream of position 63 for unknown reasons. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Biological process | Wnt signaling pathway |
| Cellular component | Endoplasmic reticulum Membrane |
| Coding sequence diversity | Alternative splicing |
| Disease | Disease mutation |
| Domain | Transmembrane Transmembrane helix |
| Molecular function | Acyltransferase Transferase |
| Technical term | Complete proteome Reference proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological_process | Wnt receptor signaling pathway Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW glycoprotein metabolic processInferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara |
| Cellular_component | integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara |
| Molecular_function | transferase activity, transferring acyl groups Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 4 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9H237-1) Also known as: D; This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q9H237-2) Also known as: B; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 235-239: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: Q9H237-3) Also known as: C; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 229-235: NKKRKAR → K | ||||||
| Isoform 4 (identifier: Q9H237-4) Also known as: A; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 229-240: NKKRKARGTMVR → K |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 461 | 461 | Protein-cysteine N-palmitoyltransferase porcupine | PRO_0000213137 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Topological domain | 1 – 17 | 17 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 18 – 38 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 39 – 66 | 28 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 67 – 87 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 88 – 95 | 8 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 96 – 116 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 117 – 152 | 36 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 153 – 173 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 174 – 198 | 25 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 199 – 219 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 220 – 252 | 33 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 253 – 273 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 274 – 337 | 64 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 338 – 358 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 359 – 396 | 38 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 397 – 417 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 418 – 461 | 44 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 13 – 88 | 76 | Leu-rich | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 341 | 1 | Potential | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 229 – 240 | 12 | NKKRK…GTMVR → K in isoform 4. | VSP_015886 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 229 – 235 | 7 | NKKRKAR → K in isoform 3. | VSP_015887 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 235 – 239 | 5 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_015888 | |||||
| Natural variant | 60 | 1 | G → R in FODH. Ref.8 | VAR_035089 | |||||
| Natural variant | 136 | 1 | S → F in FODH. Ref.12 | VAR_058899 | |||||
| Natural variant | 168 | 1 | G → R in FODH. Ref.12 Ref.13 | VAR_058900 | |||||
| Natural variant | 228 | 1 | R → C in a patient with focal dermal hypoplasia also carrying a frameshift mutation; uncertain pathological significance. Ref.9 | VAR_058901 | |||||
| Natural variant | 252 | 1 | H → Y in FODH. Ref.14 | VAR_065189 | |||||
| Natural variant | 258 | 1 | V → E in FODH. Ref.12 | VAR_058902 | |||||
| Natural variant | 297 | 1 | S → L in FODH. Ref.13 | VAR_065190 | |||||
| Natural variant | 331 | 1 | L → R in FODH. Ref.10 | VAR_065191 | |||||
| Natural variant | 341 | 1 | H → L in FODH. Ref.12 | VAR_058903 | |||||
| Natural variant | 361 | 1 | E → V in FODH. Ref.11 | VAR_065192 | |||||
| Natural variant | 365 | 1 | R → G in FODH. Ref.8 Ref.12 | VAR_035090 | |||||
| Natural variant | 365 | 1 | R → Q in FODH. Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 | VAR_058904 | |||||
| Natural variant | 374 | 1 | A → P in FODH. Ref.13 | VAR_066061 | |||||
| Natural variant | 385 | 1 | C → R in FODH. Ref.12 | VAR_058905 | |||||
| Natural variant | 385 | 1 | C → Y in FODH. Ref.11 | VAR_065193 | |||||
| Natural variant | 439 | 1 | W → R in FODH. Ref.12 | VAR_058906 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 42 | 1 | L → P in AAG39631. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 179 | 1 | A → T in AAG39628. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 179 | 1 | A → T in AAG39630. Ref.1 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Molecular cloning and initial characterization of the MG61/PORC gene, the human homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene Porcupine." Caricasole A., Ferraro T., Rimland J.M., Terstappen G.C. Gene 288:147-157(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1; 2; 3 AND 4), FUNCTION IN WNT PROTEINS PROCESSING, ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Tissue: Hippocampus. |
| [2] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [3] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Kidney. |
| [5] | Geraghty M.T. Submitted (JAN-1993) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 63-461 (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Retina. |
| [6] | "Deficiency of PORCN, a regulator of Wnt signaling, is associated with focal dermal hypoplasia." Grzeschik K.-H., Bornholdt D., Oeffner F., Koenig A., del Carmen Boente M., Enders H., Fritz B., Hertl M., Grasshoff U., Hoefling K., Oji V., Paradisi M., Schuchardt C., Szalai Z., Tadini G., Traupe H., Happle R. Nat. Genet. 39:833-835(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN FODH. |
| [7] | "WLS-dependent secretion of WNT3A requires Ser209 acylation and vacuolar acidification." Coombs G.S., Yu J., Canning C.A., Veltri C.A., Covey T.M., Cheong J.K., Utomo V., Banerjee N., Zhang Z.H., Jadulco R.C., Concepcion G.P., Bugni T.S., Harper M.K., Mihalek I., Jones C.M., Ireland C.M., Virshup D.M. J. Cell Sci. 123:3357-3367(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [8] | "Mutations in X-linked PORCN, a putative regulator of Wnt signaling, cause focal dermal hypoplasia." Wang X., Reid Sutton V., Omar Peraza-Llanes J., Yu Z., Rosetta R., Kou Y.-C., Eble T.N., Patel A., Thaller C., Fang P., Van den Veyver I.B. Nat. Genet. 39:836-838(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS FODH ARG-60 AND GLY-365. |
| [9] | "Three novel mutations in the PORCN gene underlying focal dermal hypoplasia." Leoyklang P., Suphapeetiporn K., Wananukul S., Shotelersuk V. Clin. Genet. 73:373-379(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT FODH GLN-365, VARIANT CYS-228. |
| [10] | "Novel PORCN mutations in focal dermal hypoplasia." Froyen G., Govaerts K., Van Esch H., Verbeeck J., Tuomi M.L., Heikkila H., Torniainen S., Devriendt K., Fryns J.P., Marynen P., Jarvela I., Ala-Mello S. Clin. Genet. 76:535-543(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS FODH ARG-331 AND GLN-365. |
| [11] | "Goltz-Gorlin (focal dermal hypoplasia) and the microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS) syndrome: no evidence of genetic overlap." Harmsen M.B., Azzarello-Burri S., Garcia Gonzalez M.M., Gillessen-Kaesbach G., Meinecke P., Muller D., Rauch A., Rossier E., Seemanova E., Spaich C., Steiner B., Wieczorek D., Zenker M., Kutsche K. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 17:1207-1215(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS FODH VAL-361 AND TYR-385. |
| [12] | "PORCN mutations in focal dermal hypoplasia: coping with lethality." Bornholdt D., Oeffner F., Koenig A., Happle R., Alanay Y., Ascherman J., Benke P.J., Boente M.C., van der Burgt I., Chassaing N., Ellis I., Francisco C.R.I., Della Giovanna P., Hamel B., Has C., Heinelt K., Janecke A., Kastrup W. Grzeschik K.-H.Hum. Mutat. 30:E618-E628(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS FODH PHE-136; ARG-168; GLU-258; LEU-341; GLN-365; GLY-365; ARG-385 AND ARG-439. |
| [13] | "Phenotype and genotype in 17 patients with Goltz-Gorlin syndrome." Maas S.M., Lombardi M.P., van Essen A.J., Wakeling E.L., Castle B., Temple I.K., Kumar V.K., Writzl K., Hennekam R.C. J. Med. Genet. 46:716-720(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS FODH ARG-168; LEU-297; GLN-365 AND PRO-374. |
| [14] | "Mutation update for the PORCN gene." Lombardi M.P., Bulk S., Celli J., Lampe A., Gabbett M.T., Ousager L.B., van der Smagt J.J., Soller M., Stattin E.L., Mannens M.A., Smigiel R., Hennekam R.C. Hum. Mutat. 32:723-728(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS FODH TYR-252 AND GLN-365. |
Web resources
| GeneReviews |
| Leiden Open Variation Database Porcupine homolog (Drosophila) (PORCN) |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AF317058 mRNA. Translation: AAG39628.1. AF317059 mRNA. Translation: AAG39629.1. AF317060 mRNA. Translation: AAG39630.1. AF317061 mRNA. Translation: AAG39631.1. AK314745 mRNA. Translation: BAG37285.1. CH471224 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW50780.1. BC019080 mRNA. Translation: AAH19080.1. L08239 mRNA. Translation: AAA74510.1. Sequence problems. |
| IPI | IPI00010194. IPI00183971. IPI00383252. IPI00409706. |
| RefSeq | NP_073736.2. NM_022825.2. NP_982299.1. NM_203473.1. NP_982300.1. NM_203474.1. NP_982301.1. NM_203475.1. |
| UniGene | Hs.386453. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q9H237. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000322304. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q9H237. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 116242723. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | Q9H237. |
| PRIDE | Q9H237. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 64840. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000326194; ENSP00000322304; ENSG00000102312. ENST00000355092; ENSP00000347207; ENSG00000102312. ENST00000355961; ENSP00000348233; ENSG00000102312. ENST00000359882; ENSP00000352946; ENSG00000102312. ENST00000361988; ENSP00000354978; ENSG00000102312. ENST00000537758; ENSP00000446401; ENSG00000102312. ENST00000593777; ENSP00000472782; ENSG00000268138. ENST00000593935; ENSP00000470614; ENSG00000268138. ENST00000595612; ENSP00000469731; ENSG00000268138. ENST00000595805; ENSP00000471289; ENSG00000268138. ENST00000599083; ENSP00000469943; ENSG00000268138. ENST00000600418; ENSP00000472028; ENSG00000268138. |
| GeneID | 64840. |
| KEGG | hsa:64840. |
| UCSC | uc004djr.1. human. uc004djs.1. human. uc004djv.1. human. uc004djw.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 64840. |
| GeneCards | GC0XP048367. |
| HGNC | HGNC:17652. PORCN. |
| HPA | HPA049215. |
| MIM | 300651. gene. 305600. phenotype. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q9H237. |
| Orphanet | 2092. Focal dermal hypoplasia. |
| PharmGKB | PA134906089. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG325605. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000231245. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG061243. |
| InParanoid | Q9H237. |
| KO | K00181. |
| OMA | FMGYIYF. |
| PhylomeDB | Q9H237. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q9H237. |
| Bgee | Q9H237. |
| CleanEx | HS_PORCN. |
| Genevestigator | Q9H237. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000102312. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR004299. MBOAT_fam. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF03062. MBOAT. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1255163. |
| ChiTaRS | PORCN. human. |
| GenomeRNAi | 64840. |
| NextBio | 66934. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | PORCN_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9H237 Secondary accession number(s): B2RBN8 Q9UJU7 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome X Human chromosome X: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
