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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9H0D6 (XRN2_HUMAN)

Last modified June 16, 2009. Version 72. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (5) | Third-party data | Customize display text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    5'-3' exoribonuclease 2
    EC=3.1.13.-
Alternative name(s):
    DHM1-like protein
      Short name=DHP protein
Gene names
Name: XRN2
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length950 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Possesses 5'->3' exoribonuclease activity By similarity. May promote the termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II. During transcription termination, cleavage at the polyadenylation site liberates a 5' fragment which is subsequently processed to form the mature mRNA and a 3' fragment which remains attached to the elongating polymerase. The processive degradation of this 3' fragment by this protein may promote termination of transcription.

Catalytic activity

Exonucleolytic cleavage in the 5'- to 3'-direction to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates.

Subcellular location

Nucleusnucleolus. Ref.7

Tissue specificity

Expressed in the spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon, peripheral blood leukocytes, heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas. Isoform 2 is expressed predominantly in peripheral blood leukocytes. Ref.1 Ref.2

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the 5'-3' exonuclease family. XRN2/RAT1 subfamily.

Contains 1 CCHC-type zinc finger.

Sequence caution

The sequence AAR24369.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at position 73.

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9H0D6-1)

Also known as: XRN2a;

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform 2 (identifier: Q9H0D6-2)

Also known as: XRN2b;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-76: Missing.
Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 9509505'-3' exoribonuclease 2
PRO_0000071396

Regions

Zinc finger262 – 27817CCHC-type

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue4391Phosphothreonine Ref.16
Modified residue4481Phosphoserine Ref.16 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15
Modified residue4551Phosphoserine Ref.13
Modified residue4991Phosphoserine Ref.16 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.17
Modified residue5011Phosphoserine Ref.16 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.17 Ref.10

Natural variations

Alternative sequence1 – 7676Missing in isoform 2.
VSP_020596
Natural variant7431R → M: dbSNP rs6137324.
VAR_027516
Natural variant9251R → C: dbSNP rs6047420.
VAR_053002

Experimental info

Sequence conflict141Y → C in AAQ13577. Ref.1
Sequence conflict1091A → V in AAD55138. Ref.1
Sequence conflict1091A → V in AAQ13577. Ref.1
Sequence conflict122 – 1243SKE → IKR in AAD55138. Ref.1
Sequence conflict240 – 2456GLATHE → AFPHMN in AAQ13577. Ref.1
Sequence conflict2591K → R in AAD55138. Ref.1
Sequence conflict2591K → R in AAQ13577. Ref.1
Sequence conflict2801P → S in AAD55138. Ref.1
Sequence conflict2801P → S in AAQ13577. Ref.1
Sequence conflict3131L → V in AAQ13577. Ref.1
Sequence conflict4631E → D in AAD55138. Ref.1
Sequence conflict5821P → S in AAQ13577. Ref.1
Sequence conflict5841D → E in AAD55138. Ref.1
Sequence conflict7371S → A in AAD55138. Ref.1
Sequence conflict7601F → L in AAR24369. Ref.2
Sequence conflict7871E → G in AAD55138. Ref.1
Sequence conflict8741P → L in AAR24369. Ref.2

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform 1 (XRN2a) [UniParc].

Last modified March 1, 2001. Version 1.
Checksum: 763B5E0E628F97A8

FASTA950108,582
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MGVPAFFRWL SRKYPSIIVN CVEEKPKECN GVKIPVDASK PNPNDVEFDN LYLDMNGIIH 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
PCTHPEDKPA PKNEDEMMVA IFEYIDRLFS IVRPRRLLYM AIDGVAPRAK MNQQRSRRFR 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
ASKEGMEAAV EKQRVREEIL AKGGFLPPEE IKERFDSNCI TPGTEFMDNL AKCLRYYIAD 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
RLNNDPGWKN LTVILSDASA PGEGEHKIMD YIRRQRAQPN HDPNTHHCLC GADADLIMLG 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
LATHEPNFTI IREEFKPNKP KPCGLCNQFG HEVKDCEGLP REKKGKHDEL ADSLPCAEGE 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
FIFLRLNVLR EYLERELTMA SLPFTFDVER SIDDWVFMCF FVGNDFLPHL PSLEIRENAI 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
DRLVNIYKNV VHKTGGYLTE SGYVNLQRVQ MIMLAVGEVE DSIFKKRKDD EDSFRRRQKE 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
KRKRMKRDQP AFTPSGILTP HALGSRNSPG SQVASNPRQA AYEMRMQNNS SPSISPNTSF 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
TSDGSPSPLG GIKRKAEDSD SEPEPEDNVR LWEAGWKQRY YKNKFDVDAA DEKFRRKVVQ 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
SYVEGLCWVL RYYYQGCASW KWYYPFHYAP FASDFEGIAD MPSDFEKGTK PFKPLEQLMG 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
VFPAASGNFL PPSWRKLMSD PDSSIIDFYP EDFAIDLNGK KYAWQGVALL PFVDERRLRA 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
ALEEVYPDLT PEETRRNSLG GDVLFVGKHH PLHDFILELY QTGSTEPVEV PPELCHGIQG 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
KFSLDEEAIL PDQIVCSPVP MLRDLTQNTV VSINFKDPQF AEDYIFKAVM LPGARKPAAV 

       790        800        810        820        830        840 
LKPSDWEKSS NGRQWKPQLG FNRDRRPVHL DQAAFRTLGH VMPRGSGTGI YSNAAPPPVT 

       850        860        870        880        890        900 
YQGNLYRPLL RGQAQIPKLM SNMRPQDSWR GPPPLFQQQR FDRGVGAEPL LPWNRMLQTQ 

       910        920        930        940        950 
NAAFQPNQYQ MLAGPGGYPP RRDDRGGRQG YPREGRKYPL PPPSGRYNWN 

« Hide

Isoform 2 (XRN2b).

Checksum: 85DBF4213F810AEC
Show »

FASTA87499,962

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"Cloning and mapping of the XRN2 gene to human chromosome 20p11.1-p11.2."
Zhang M., Yu L., Xin Y., Hu P., Fu Q., Yu C., Zhao S.Y.
Genomics 59:252-254(1999) [PubMed: 10409438] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[2]"A novel splice variant of human XRN2 gene is mainly expressed in blood leukocyte."
Li J., Zheng H., Ji C., Fei X., Zheng M., Gao Y., Ren Y., Gu S., Xie Y., Mao Y.
DNA Seq. 16:143-146(2005) [PubMed: 16147866] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[3]"Towards a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs."
Wiemann S., Weil B., Wellenreuther R., Gassenhuber J., Glassl S., Ansorge W., Boecher M., Bloecker H., Bauersachs S., Blum H., Lauber J., Duesterhoeft A., Beyer A., Koehrer K., Strack N., Mewes H.-W., Ottenwaelder B., Obermaier B. expand/collapse author list , Tampe J., Heubner D., Wambutt R., Korn B., Klein M., Poustka A.
Genome Res. 11:422-435(2001) [PubMed: 11230166] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
Tissue: Testis.
[4]"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20."
Deloukas P., Matthews L.H., Ashurst J.L., Burton J., Gilbert J.G.R., Jones M., Stavrides G., Almeida J.P., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Barlow K.F., Bates K.N., Beard L.M., Beare D.M., Beasley O.P., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E. expand/collapse author list , Bridgeman A.M., Brown A.J., Buck D., Burrill W.D., Butler A.P., Carder C., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Clamp M., Clark G., Clark L.N., Clark S.Y., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Cobley V.E., Collier R.E., Connor R.E., Corby N.R., Coulson A., Coville G.J., Deadman R., Dhami P.D., Dunn M., Ellington A.G., Frankland J.A., Fraser A., French L., Garner P., Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths M.N.D., Gwilliam R., Hall R.E., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Heath P.D., Ho S., Holden J.L., Howden P.J., Huckle E., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Jekosch K., Johnson C.M., Johnson D., Kay M.P., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A., Laird G.K., Lawlor S., Lehvaeslaiho M.H., Leversha M.A., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Lovell J.D., Marsh V.L., Martin S.L., McConnachie L.J., McLay K., McMurray A.A., Milne S.A., Mistry D., Moore M.J.F., Mullikin J.C., Nickerson T., Oliver K., Parker A., Patel R., Pearce T.A.V., Peck A.I., Phillimore B.J.C.T., Prathalingam S.R., Plumb R.W., Ramsay H., Rice C.M., Ross M.T., Scott C.E., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M.L., Soderlund C., Steward C.A., Sulston J.E., Swann R.M., Sycamore N., Taylor R., Tee L., Thomas D.W., Thorpe A., Tracey A., Tromans A.C., Vaudin M., Wall M., Wallis J.M., Whitehead S.L., Whittaker P., Willey D.L., Williams L., Williams S.A., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Hubbard T., Durbin R.M., Bentley D.R., Beck S., Rogers J.
Nature 414:865-871(2001) [PubMed: 11780052] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. expand/collapse author list , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S.
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 358-950 (ISOFORMS 1/2).
Tissue: Colon.
[6]"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 371-950 (ISOFORMS 1/2).
Tissue: Colon.
[7]"Functional proteomic analysis of human nucleolus."
Scherl A., Coute Y., Deon C., Calle A., Kindbeiter K., Sanchez J.-C., Greco A., Hochstrasser D.F., Diaz J.-J.
Mol. Biol. Cell 13:4100-4109(2002) [PubMed: 12429849] [Abstract]
Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
[8]"Human 5' -> 3' exonuclease Xrn2 promotes transcription termination at co-transcriptional cleavage sites."
West S., Gromak N., Proudfoot N.J.
Nature 432:522-525(2004) [PubMed: 15565158] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[9]"Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins."
Beausoleil S.A., Jedrychowski M., Schwartz D., Elias J.E., Villen J., Li J., Cohn M.A., Cantley L.C., Gygi S.P.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:12130-12135(2004) [PubMed: 15302935] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-448; SER-499 AND SER-501, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Epithelium.
[10]"Global phosphoproteome of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells."
Kim J.-E., Tannenbaum S.R., White F.M.
J. Proteome Res. 4:1339-1346(2005) [PubMed: 16083285] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-501, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[11]"Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks."
Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M.
Cell 127:635-648(2006) [PubMed: 17081983] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-448; SER-499 AND SER-501, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Epithelium.
[12]"Pause sites promote transcriptional termination of mammalian RNA polymerase II."
Gromak N., West S., Proudfoot N.J.
Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:3986-3996(2006) [PubMed: 16648491] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[13]"A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization."
Beausoleil S.A., Villen J., Gerber S.A., Rush J., Gygi S.P.
Nat. Biotechnol. 24:1285-1292(2006) [PubMed: 16964243] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-448 AND SER-455, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Epithelium.
[14]"Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra."
Yu L.-R., Zhu Z., Chan K.C., Issaq H.J., Dimitrov D.S., Veenstra T.D.
J. Proteome Res. 6:4150-4162(2007) [PubMed: 17924679] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-448, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Epithelium.
[15]"Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle."
Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R., Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M.
Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed: 18691976] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-448, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[16]"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation."
Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed: 18669648] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-439; SER-448; SER-499 AND SER-501, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[17]"Large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue by enrichment and fractionation of phosphopeptides with strong anion exchange chromatography."
Han G., Ye M., Zhou H., Jiang X., Feng S., Jiang X., Tian R., Wan D., Zou H., Gu J.
Proteomics 8:1346-1361(2008) [PubMed: 18318008] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-499 AND SER-501, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Liver.
[18]Colinge J., Superti-Furga G., Bennett K.L.
Submitted (OCT-2008) to UniProtKB
Cited for: IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

AF064257 mRNA. Translation: AAD55138.1.
AF152169 mRNA. Translation: AAQ13577.1.
AY382900 mRNA. Translation: AAR24369.1. Frameshift.
AL136841 mRNA. Translation: CAB66775.1.
AL117332, AL158013 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI19756.1.
AL158013, AL117332 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAH71495.1.
AK000084 mRNA. Translation: BAA90934.1. Different initiation.
BC006417 mRNA. Translation: AAH06417.2.
IPIIPI00100151.
IPI00788157.
RefSeqNP_036387.2.
UniGeneHs.255932

3D structure databases

ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActQ9H0D6. 15 interactions.

PTM databases

PhosphoSiteQ9H0D6.

2-D gel databases

SWISS-2DPAGEQ9H0D6.

Proteomic databases

PeptideAtlasQ9H0D6.
PRIDEQ9H0D6.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENSG00000088930. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID22803.
KEGGhsa:22803.

Organism-specific databases

GeneCardsGC20P021231.
H-InvDBHIX0015683.
HGNCHGNC:12836. XRN2.
MIM608851. gene.
PharmGKBPA37427.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

HOVERGENQ9H0D6.
OMAQ9H0D6. RKRMKRD.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressQ9H0D6.
BgeeQ9H0D6.
CleanExHS_XRN2.
GermOnlineENSG00000088930. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR017151. 5_3_exoribonuclease_2.
IPR004859. Put_53exo.
IPR001878. Znf_CCHC.
[Graphical view]
PfamPF03159. XRN_N. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PIRSFPIRSF037239. Exonuclease_Xrn2. 1 hit.
SMARTSM00343. ZnF_C2HC. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PROSITEPS50158. ZF_CCHC. False negative.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other Resources

NextBio43160.
PMAP-CutDBQ9H0D6.
SOURCESearch...

Entry information

Entry nameXRN2_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: Q9H0D6
Secondary accession number(s): Q3L8N4 expand/collapse secondary AC list , Q6KGZ9, Q9BQL1, Q9NTW0, Q9NXS6, Q9UL53
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: April 23, 2003
Last sequence update: March 1, 2001
Last modified: June 16, 2009
This is version 72 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectHPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Relevant documents

Human chromosome 20

Human chromosome 20: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

Human polymorphisms and disease mutations

Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents