<p>Provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.</p><p><a href='../manual/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>Describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. the chemical reaction it catalyzes. This information usually correlates with the presence of an EC (Enzyme Commission) number in the ‘Names and taxonomy’ section.</p><p><a href='../manual/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityⁱ

Sites

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Is used for enzymes and indicates the residues directly involved in catalysis.</p><p><a href='../manual/act_site' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Active sitei	20 – 20	1	By similarity

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

1. glutathione binding Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 15159623

2. glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 12077129

3. glutathione transferase activity Source: UniProtKB-EC

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processⁱ

1. oxidation-reduction process Source: GOC

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 12077129

2. protein glutathionylation Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 12077129

3. response to toxic substance Source: UniProtKB-KW

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Molecular functionⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Biological processⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>Provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.</p><p><a href='../manual/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>Provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.</p><p><a href='../manual/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Cellular componentⁱ

1. cytosol Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 21166475

2. plasma membrane Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 17644812

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>Provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with the deficiency of a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

<p>Describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.</p><p><a href='../manual/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes the extent of a polypeptide chain in the mature protein following processing.</p><p><a href='../manual/chain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Chaini	1 – 213	213	Glutathione S-transferase DHAR2		PRO_0000395482	Add BLAST

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Specifies the position and type of each modified residue excluding <a href="/manual/lipid">lipids</a>, <a href="/manual/carbohyd">glycans</a> and <a href="/manual/crosslnk">protein cross-links</a>.</p><p><a href='../manual/mod_res' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Modified residuei	6 – 6	1	S-glutathionyl cysteine1 Publication <p>Manually curated information for which there is published experimental evidence.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000269">More…</a></p> Manual assertion based on experiment ini Ref.6 "Functional divergence in the glutathione transferase superfamily in plants. Identification of two classes with putative functions in redox homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana." Dixon D.P., Davis B.G., Edwards R. J. Biol. Chem. 277:30859-30869(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GENE FAMILY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, GLUTATHIONYLATION AT CYS-6 AND CYS-20.
<p>Specifies the position and type of each modified residue excluding <a href="/manual/lipid">lipids</a>, <a href="/manual/carbohyd">glycans</a> and <a href="/manual/crosslnk">protein cross-links</a>.</p><p><a href='../manual/mod_res' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Modified residuei	20 – 20	1	S-glutathionyl cysteine1 Publication <p>Manually curated information for which there is published experimental evidence.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000269">More…</a></p> Manual assertion based on experiment ini Ref.6 "Functional divergence in the glutathione transferase superfamily in plants. Identification of two classes with putative functions in redox homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana." Dixon D.P., Davis B.G., Edwards R. J. Biol. Chem. 277:30859-30869(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GENE FAMILY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, GLUTATHIONYLATION AT CYS-6 AND CYS-20.

<p>Describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection complements the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which position-specific data is not yet available.</p><p><a href='../manual/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

<p>Provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.</p><p><a href='../manual/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>Reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).</p><p><a href='../manual/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>Provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.</p><p><a href='../manual/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>Provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the ‘Function’ section).</p><p><a href='../manual/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>Provides information on the tertiary structure of a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>Provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini	10 – 83	74	GST N-terminal			Add BLAST
<p>Describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini	84 – 213	130	GST C-terminal			Add BLAST

Region

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes a region of interest that cannot be described in other subsections.</p><p><a href='../manual/region' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Regioni	20 – 21	2	Glutathione bindingBy similarity
<p>Describes a region of interest that cannot be described in other subsections.</p><p><a href='../manual/region' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Regioni	46 – 47	2	Glutathione bindingBy similarity
<p>Describes a region of interest that cannot be described in other subsections.</p><p><a href='../manual/region' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Regioni	59 – 60	2	Glutathione bindingBy similarity
<p>Describes a region of interest that cannot be described in other subsections.</p><p><a href='../manual/region' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Regioni	72 – 73	2	Glutathione bindingBy similarity

Motif

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes a short (usually not more than 20 amino acids) conserved sequence motif of biological significance.</p><p><a href='../manual/motif' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Motifi	20 – 25	6	Glutathione-bindingSequence Analysis

<p>Provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>Displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including length and molecular weight.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>Indicates if the canonical sequence displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

        10         20         30         40         50
MALDICVKVA VGAPDVLGDC PFSQRVLLTL EEKKLPYKTH LINVSDKPQW 
        60         70         80         90        100
FLDISPEGKV PVVKLDGKWV ADSDVIVGLL EEKYPEPSLK TPPEFASVGS 
       110        120        130        140        150
KIFGAFVTFL KSKDANDGSE KALVDELEAL ENHLKTHSGP FVAGEKITAV 
       160        170        180        190        200
DLSLAPKLYH LEVALGHYKN WSVPESLTSV RNYAKALFSR ESFENTKAKK 
       210 
EIVVAGWESK VNA                                  

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. These various submissions may originate from different sequencing projects, different types of experiments, or different biological samples. Sequence conflicts are usually of unknown origin.</p><p><a href='../manual/conflict' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence conflicti	195 – 195	1	N → K in AAM65005. 1 Publication Ref.5 "Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana." Brover V.V., Troukhan M.E., Alexandrov N.A., Lu Y.-P., Flavell R.B., Feldmann K.A. Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Curated

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>Is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.</p><p><a href='../manual/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p> Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>Contains the literature citations that are the sources of data used to annotate the entry. Each reference is numbered and contains several subsections allowing a precise description of a given citation.</p><p><a href='../manual/publications_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Publicationsⁱ

1. "Increasing vitamin C content of plants through enhanced ascorbate recycling."
   Chen Z., Young T.E., Ling J., Chang S.C., Gallie D.R.
   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:3525-3530(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
2. "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana."
   Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S., White O., Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y., Buehler E., Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W., Chung M.K.

   , Conn L., Conway A.B., Conway A.R., Creasy T.H., Dewar K., Dunn P., Etgu P., Feldblyum T.V., Feng J.-D., Fong B., Fujii C.Y., Gill J.E., Goldsmith A.D., Haas B., Hansen N.F., Hughes B., Huizar L., Hunter J.L., Jenkins J., Johnson-Hopson C., Khan S., Khaykin E., Kim C.J., Koo H.L., Kremenetskaia I., Kurtz D.B., Kwan A., Lam B., Langin-Hooper S., Lee A., Lee J.M., Lenz C.A., Li J.H., Li Y.-P., Lin X., Liu S.X., Liu Z.A., Luros J.S., Maiti R., Marziali A., Militscher J., Miranda M., Nguyen M., Nierman W.C., Osborne B.I., Pai G., Peterson J., Pham P.K., Rizzo M., Rooney T., Rowley D., Sakano H., Salzberg S.L., Schwartz J.R., Shinn P., Southwick A.M., Sun H., Tallon L.J., Tambunga G., Toriumi M.J., Town C.D., Utterback T., Van Aken S., Vaysberg M., Vysotskaia V.S., Walker M., Wu D., Yu G., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C., Davis R.W.
   Nature 408:816-820(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
   Strain: cv. Columbia.
   
3. The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR)
   Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
   Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION.
   Strain: cv. Columbia.
   
4. "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome."
   Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G.

   , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R.
   Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
   Strain: cv. Columbia.
   
5. "Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana."
   Brover V.V., Troukhan M.E., Alexandrov N.A., Lu Y.-P., Flavell R.B., Feldmann K.A.
   Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
6. "Functional divergence in the glutathione transferase superfamily in plants. Identification of two classes with putative functions in redox homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana."
   Dixon D.P., Davis B.G., Edwards R.
   J. Biol. Chem. 277:30859-30869(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: GENE FAMILY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, GLUTATHIONYLATION AT CYS-6 AND CYS-20.
7. "Proteomic analysis of glutathione S -transferases of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals differential salicylic acid-induced expression of the plant-specific phi and tau classes."
   Sappl P.G., Onate-Sanchez L., Singh K.B., Millar A.H.
   Plant Mol. Biol. 54:205-219(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, INDUCTION BY SA.
8. "Cytosolic dehydroascorbate reductase is important for ozone tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana."
   Yoshida S., Tamaoki M., Shikano T., Nakajima N., Ogawa D., Ioki M., Aono M., Kubo A., Kamada H., Inoue Y., Saji H.
   Plant Cell Physiol. 47:304-308(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: INDUCTION BY OZONE, FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.

<p>Provides general information on the entry.</p><p><a href='../manual/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>Contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections</p><p><a href='../manual/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Arabidopsis thaliana
   Arabidopsis thaliana: entries and gene names
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families

External Data

<p>Provides links to the UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="/help/uniref">UniRef</a>). UniRef consists of clusters for UniProtKB sequences (including isoforms) and selected UniParc sequences, in order to obtain complete coverage of the sequence space at resolutions of 100%, 90% and 50% identity.</p><p><a href='../manual/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ