Q9FM68 (BAM4_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Inactive beta-amylase 4, chloroplastic

Alternative name(s):
Inactive beta-amylase 6

Gene names

Name:	BAM4
Synonyms:	BMY6
Ordered Locus Names:	At5g55700
ORF Names:	MDF20.14

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	531 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	No alpha-1,4-glucan hydrolase activity, including beta-amylase, alpha-amylase, a-glucosidase or alpha-amyloglucosidase. However, facilitates or regulates starch breakdown, especially at night, by a mechanism involving direct interaction with starch or other alpha-1,4-glucan. Ref.5 Ref.6
Subcellular location	Plastid › chloroplast Ref.5.
Tissue specificity	Preferentially expressed in vascular tissue of cotyledons, leaves, petioles, stems, petals, siliques and roots, particularly in phloem. Also present in root tip. Ref.7
Disruption phenotype	Slightly retarded growth rate and reduced starch breakdown in leaves during the night. Ref.5
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family.
Caution	In contrast to other members of the family, lacks the conserved Glu active site in position 473, which is replaced by an Arg residue, explaining why it is inactive.
Sequence caution	The sequence AAK76508.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally extended.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Carbohydrate metabolism Polysaccharide degradation
Cellular component	Chloroplast Plastid
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
Domain	Transit peptide
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	starch catabolic process Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.5. Source: TAIR
Cellular component	chloroplast Inferred from direct assay Ref.5. Source: TAIR
Molecular function	beta-amylase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro cation binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 1 isoform produced by alternative splicing. [Select]

Note: A number of isoforms are produced. According to EST sequences.

Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9FM68-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Transit peptide	1 – 62	62	Chloroplast Potential
	Chain	63 – 531	469	Inactive beta-amylase 4, chloroplastic		PRO_0000393419

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified March 1, 2001. Version 1. Checksum: 0DBAC46474252449	FASTA	531	60,117
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MTETGVIGCG CRGVTGGNFF HPGGFSLKSC FLEQSTKRNR NFFRSVSMIP PFKRGRFITK 70 80 90 100 110 120 LRSVAGNSRI FSMDAREKSR SFVLVSSRHK RVPVFVMMPI DTFGIDASGC PKIKRLKALT 130 140 150 160 170 180 VSLKALKLAG VHGIAVEVWW GIVERFSPLE FKWSLYEELF RLISEAGLKL HVALCFHSNM 190 200 210 220 230 240 HLFGGKGGIS LPLWIREIGD VNKDIYYRDK SGFSNNDYLT LGVDQLPLFG GRTAVQCYED 250 260 270 280 290 300 FMLSFSTKFE PYLGNVIEEI SIGLGPSGEL RYPAHPSGDG RWKFPGIGEF QCHDKYMMED 310 320 330 340 350 360 LMAVASQEGK PQWGSRDPPN TGCYNSFPSG VPFFEEGNDS FLSDYGRFFL EWYSGKLICH 370 380 390 400 410 420 ADAILAKAAD VLRRRQEEEK SSVMLVAKIG GIYWWYKTSS HPAELTAGYY NTSLRDGYDP 430 440 450 460 470 480 VASVLSRHGA ALNIPCLDMA DSEIPEKYLC SPEGLRRQIH DVSKKWTIHV TGRNTSERFD 490 500 510 520 530 EMGLRQIREN CVQPNGDTLR SFTFCRMNEK IFRVENWNNF VPFIRQMSAD M

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. IV. Sequence features of the regions of 1,456,315 bp covered by nineteen physically assigned P1 and TAC clones." Sato S., Kaneko T., Kotani H., Nakamura Y., Asamizu E., Miyajima N., Tabata S. DNA Res. 5:41-54(1998) [PubMed: 9628582] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[2]	The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[3]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed: 14593172] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 34-531. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	"Analysis of multiple occurrences of alternative splicing events in Arabidopsis thaliana using novel sequenced full-length cDNAs." Iida K., Fukami-Kobayashi K., Toyoda A., Sakaki Y., Kobayashi M., Seki M., Shinozaki K. DNA Res. 16:155-164(2009) [PubMed: 19423640] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 34-531. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[5]	"Beta-AMYLASE4, a noncatalytic protein required for starch breakdown, acts upstream of three active beta-amylases in Arabidopsis chloroplasts." Fulton D.C., Stettler M., Mettler T., Vaughan C.K., Li J., Francisco P., Gil M., Reinhold H., Eicke S., Messerli G., Dorken G., Halliday K., Smith A.M., Smith S.M., Zeeman S.C. Plant Cell 20:1040-1058(2008) [PubMed: 18390594] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, GENE FAMILY, NOMENCLATURE.
[6]	"Catalytically-inactive beta-amylase BAM4 required for starch breakdown in Arabidopsis leaves is a starch-binding-protein." Li J., Francisco P., Zhou W., Edner C., Steup M., Ritte G., Bond C.S., Smith S.M. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 489:92-98(2009) [PubMed: 19664588] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[7]	"The gene encoding the catalytically inactive beta-amylase BAM4 involved in starch breakdown in Arabidopsis leaves is expressed preferentially in vascular tissues in source and sink organs." Francisco P., Li J., Smith S.M. J. Plant Physiol. 167:890-895(2010) [PubMed: 20153546] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AB009050 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB09237.1. CP002688 Genomic DNA. Translation: AED96669.1. AY045834 mRNA. Translation: AAK76508.1. Different initiation. BT001909 mRNA. Translation: AAN71908.1. AK317617 mRNA. Translation: BAH20280.1.
IPI	IPI00546276.
RefSeq	NP_568829.2. NM_124952.4.
UniGene	At.49179. At.71092.
3D structure databases
HSSP	HSSP built from PDB template 1B1Y based on UniProtKB P16098.
ProteinModelPortal	Q9FM68.
SMR	Q9FM68. Positions 89-531.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	Q9FM68.
Protein family/group databases
CAZy	GH14. Glycoside Hydrolase Family 14.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblPlants	AT5G55700.1; AT5G55700.1; AT5G55700.
GeneID	835664.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus AT5G55700 in contig BA000015_GR.
KEGG	ath:AT5G55700.
NMPDR	fig|3702.1.peg.27499.
Organism-specific databases
TAIR	At5g55700.
Phylogenomic databases
GeneTree	EPGT00070000028196.
InParanoid	Q9FM68.
OMA	DAREKSR.
PhylomeDB	Q9FM68.
ProtClustDB	PLN02161.
Gene expression databases
Genevestigator	Q9FM68.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR001554. Glyco_hydro_14. IPR001371. Glyco_hydro_14B_pln. IPR013781. Glyco_hydro_subgr_catalytic. IPR017853. Glycoside_hydrolase_SF. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:3.20.20.80. Glyco_hydro_cat. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF01373. Glyco_hydro_14. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00750. BETAAMYLASE. PR00842. GLHYDLASE14B.
SUPFAM	SSF51445. Glyco_hydro_cat. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS00506. BETA_AMYLASE_1. False negative. PS00679. BETA_AMYLASE_2. False negative. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

BAM4_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9FM68
Secondary accession number(s): B9DHR3, Q94AS2

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 20, 2010
Last sequence update:	March 1, 2001
Last modified:	December 14, 2011
This is version 65 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program