Q9FG67 (MAM1_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Methylthioalkylmalate synthase 1, chloroplastic
EC=2.3.3.-

Alternative name(s):
2-isopropylmalate synthase 3

Gene names

Name:	MAM1
Synonyms:	IMS3, IPMS_AT2, MAM-L, MAML
Ordered Locus Names:	At5g23010
ORF Names:	T20O7.3

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Streptophytina › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Euphyllophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	506 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Determines the side chain length of aliphatic glucosinolate structures. Catalyzes exclusively the condensation reactions of both the first and second methionine carbon chain elongation. Ref.4 Ref.9
Cofactor	Manganese or any other divalent metal ion, except copper or zinc.
Enzyme regulation	1 mM DTT required for activity. Activated by ATP and inhibited by iodoacetamide. Ref.9
Subunit structure	Monomer. Ref.9
Subcellular location	Plastid › chloroplast Potential.
Tissue specificity	Highly expressed in leaves, flowers, roots and siliques. Not detected in flowers in Ref.2. Ref.2 Ref.10
Domain	The N-terminal part of the protein controls substrate specificity.
Miscellaneous	The 5'-part of the gene encoding this protein is deleted in cv. Bl-0, cv. Di-G, cv. Landsberg erecta and cv. Petergof, while the complete gene is missing in cv. Ka-0, cv. Lip-0, cv. No-0, cv. Sei-0, cv. Tsu-1 and cv. Wl-0.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family.
Biophysicochemical properties	Kinetic parameters: KM=3.0 mM for 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid Ref.9 KM=11.2 mM for 2-oxohexanoic acid KM=0.64 mM for 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoic acid KM=7.5 mM for 2-oxoheptanoic acid KM=245 µM for acetyl-CoA pH dependence: Optimum pH is 8.5. Temperature dependence: Optimum temperature is 32 degrees Celsius.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Chloroplast Plastid
Domain	Transit peptide
Molecular function	Transferase
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	carboxylic acid metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro glucosinolate biosynthetic process Inferred from direct assay Ref.1. Source: TAIR response to insect Inferred from expression pattern PubMed 23144921. Source: TAIR response to water deprivation Inferred from expression pattern PubMed 23144921. Source: TAIR
Cellular_component	chloroplast Inferred from direct assay PubMed 18431481. Source: TAIR
Molecular_function	2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalate synthase activity Inferred from direct assay Ref.9. Source: TAIR
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Transit peptide	1 – 49	49	Chloroplast Potential
	Chain	50 – 506	457	Methylthioalkylmalate synthase 1, chloroplastic		PRO_0000315841
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	98	1	Phosphoserine Ref.11
Natural variations
	Natural variant	10	1	V → G in strain: cv. Sorbo.
	Natural variant	42	1	N → K in strain: cv. Ema-1 and cv. Pla-0.
	Natural variant	44	1	A → T in strain: cv. Sorbo.
	Natural variant	505	1	N → T in strain: cv. Sorbo.
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	102	1	S → F in gsm1-1; loss of conversion of C3 to C4 glucosinolates. Ref.1
	Mutagenesis	290	1	A → T in gsm1-2; loss of conversion of C3 to C4 glucosinolates. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q9FG67 [UniParc]. Last modified March 1, 2001. Version 1. Checksum: A3F4CC32508CAE49	FASTA	506	55,125
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MASSLLTSSV MIPTTGSTVV GRSVLPFQSS LHSLRLTHSY KNPALFISCC SSVSKNAATS 70 80 90 100 110 120 STDLKPVVER WPEYIPNKLP DGNYVRVFDT TLRDGEQSPG GSLTPPQKLE IARQLAKLRV 130 140 150 160 170 180 DIMEVGFPGS SEEELETIKT IAKTVGNEVD EETGYVPVIC AIARCKHRDI EATWEALKYA 190 200 210 220 230 240 KRPRILVFTS TSDIHMKYKL KKTQEEVIEM AVSSIRFAKS LGFNDIQFGC EDGGRSDKDF 250 260 270 280 290 300 LCKILGEAIK AGVTVVTIGD TVGINMPHEY GELVTYLKAN TPGIDDVVVA VHCHNDLGLA 310 320 330 340 350 360 TANSIAGIRA GARQVEVTIN GIGERSGNAS LEEVVMALKC RGAYVINGVY TKIDTRQIMA 370 380 390 400 410 420 TSKMVQEYTG LYVQAHKPIV GANCFVHESG IHQDGILKNR STYEILSPED IGIVKSQNSG 430 440 450 460 470 480 LVLGKLSGRH AVKDRLKELG YELDDEKLNA VFSLFRDLTK NKKRITDADL KALVTSSDEI 490 500 SLEKLNGANG LKSNGYIPVP QVSSNV

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"A gene controlling variation in Arabidopsis glucosinolate composition is part of the methionine chain elongation pathway." Kroymann J., Textor S., Tokuhisa J.G., Falk K.L., Bartram S., Gershenzon J., Mitchell-Olds T. Plant Physiol. 127:1077-1088(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], MUTAGENESIS OF SER-102 AND ALA-290, CHARACTERIZATION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[2]	"Isolation and expression analysis of the isopropylmalate synthase gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana." Junk D.J., Mourad G.S. J. Exp. Bot. 53:2453-2454(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[3]	"Evolutionary dynamics of an Arabidopsis insect resistance quantitative trait locus." Kroymann J., Donnerhacke S., Schnabelrauch D., Mitchell-Olds T. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:14587-14592(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA], VARIANTS. Strain: cv. Aa-0, cv. Ag-0, cv. Ema-1, cv. Gy-0, cv. Landsberg erecta, cv. Mt-0, cv. Pla-0 and cv. Sorbo.
[4]	"Positive selection driving diversification in plant secondary metabolism." Benderoth M., Textor S., Windsor A.J., Mitchell-Olds T., Gershenzon J., Kroymann J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:9118-9123(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION. Strain: cv. Sorbo.
[5]	"Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. XI." Kaneko T., Katoh T., Asamizu E., Sato S., Nakamura Y., Kotani H., Tabata S. Submitted (APR-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[6]	The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[7]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[8]	"Alpha-keto acid elongation and glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana." Campos de Quiros H., Magrath R., McCallum D., Kroymann J., Scnabelrauch D., Mitchell-Olds T., Mithen R. Theor. Appl. Genet. 101:429-437(2000) [AGRICOLA] [Europe PMC] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION.
[9]	"Biosynthesis of methionine-derived glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana: recombinant expression and characterization of methylthioalkylmalate synthase, the condensing enzyme of the chain-elongation cycle." Textor S., Bartram S., Kroymann J., Falk K.L., Hick A., Pickett J.A., Gershenzon J. Planta 218:1026-1035(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ENZYME REGULATION, SUBUNIT. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[10]	"MAM3 catalyzes the formation of all aliphatic glucosinolate chain lengths in Arabidopsis." Textor S., de Kraker J.-W., Hause B., Gershenzon J., Tokuhisa J.G. Plant Physiol. 144:60-71(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NOMENCLATURE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[11]	"Large-scale Arabidopsis phosphoproteome profiling reveals novel chloroplast kinase substrates and phosphorylation networks." Reiland S., Messerli G., Baerenfaller K., Gerrits B., Endler A., Grossmann J., Gruissem W., Baginsky S. Plant Physiol. 150:889-903(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-98, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Strain: cv. Columbia. Tissue: Seedling.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AJ131517 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAC80102.1. AY049037 mRNA. Translation: AAL10687.1. AJ486882 mRNA. Translation: CAD31140.1. AJ486883 mRNA. Translation: CAD31141.1. AJ486884 mRNA. Translation: CAD31142.1. AJ486885 mRNA. Translation: CAD31143.1. AJ486886 mRNA. Translation: CAD31144.1. AJ486887 mRNA. Translation: CAD31145.1. AJ486888 mRNA. Translation: CAD31146.1. AM180572 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAJ55504.1. AB026660 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB08874.1. CP002688 Genomic DNA. Translation: AED93107.1. AY054203 mRNA. Translation: AAL06864.1. AY070471 mRNA. Translation: AAL49937.1. AY149926 mRNA. Translation: AAN31080.1.
IPI	IPI00537578.
RefSeq	NP_197692.1. NM_122207.3.
UniGene	At.7567.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q9FG67.
SMR	Q9FG67. Positions 83-473.
ModBase	Search...
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	Q9FG67.
PRIDE	Q9FG67.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblPlants	AT5G23010.1; AT5G23010.1; AT5G23010.
GeneID	832365.
KEGG	ath:AT5G23010.
Organism-specific databases
TAIR	At5g23010.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG0119.
HOGENOM	HOG000046861.
InParanoid	Q9FG67.
KO	K15741.
OMA	ICAIARC.
PhylomeDB	Q9FG67.
ProtClustDB	PLN03228.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyc	MetaCyc:AT5G23010-MONOMER.
BRENDA	2.3.3.13. 399.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q9FG67.
Genevestigator	Q9FG67.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	3.20.20.70. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR002034. AIPM/Hcit_synth_CS. IPR013785. Aldolase_TIM. IPR000891. PYR_CT. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00682. HMGL-like. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS00815. AIPM_HOMOCIT_SYNTH_1. 1 hit. PS00816. AIPM_HOMOCIT_SYNTH_2. 1 hit. PS50991. PYR_CT. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

MAM1_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9FG67
Secondary accession number(s): Q70YX4, Q70YX9

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	January 15, 2008
Last sequence update:	March 1, 2001
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 82 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program