Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9D030 (TWST2_MOUSE)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Twist-related protein 2
Alternative name(s):
    Dermis-expressed protein 1
      Short name=Dermo-1

Gene names

Name:	Twist2
Synonyms:	Dermo1

Organism

Mus musculus (Mouse)

Taxonomic identifier

10090 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus

Protein attributes

Sequence length	160 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Binds to the E-box consensus sequence 5'-CANNTG-3' as a heterodimer and inhibits transcriptional activation by MYOD1, MYOG, MEF2A and MEF2C. Also represses expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFA and IL1B. Involved in postnatal glycogen storage and energy metabolism. Inhibits the premature or ectopic differentiation of preosteoblast cells during osteogenesis, possibly by changing the internal signal transduction response of osteoblasts to external growth factors By similarity. Ref.1 Ref.3 Ref.4
Subunit structure	Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein. Forms a heterodimer with TCF3/E12. Also interacts with MEF2C. Ref.1 Ref.3
Subcellular location	Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note: Mainly nuclear during embryonic development. Cytoplasmic in adult tissues. Ref.3
Tissue specificity	Expressed at low levels in sclerotome and dermatome of somites, and in limb buds at 10.5 dpc. Accumulates predominantly in dermatome, prevertebrae and derivatives of branchial arches by 13 dpc. Also expressed near surface of embryo and in chondrogenic cells. In adult, expressed at low levels in skin, bladder, uterus, aorta and heart. Ref.1
Developmental stage	In the embryo, expression is detected at 10.5 dpc, increases continuously through to 17.5 dpc and is also high in neonates. Down-regulated in adults. Ref.1
Induction	By TNF-alpha. Ref.4
Domain	The C-terminal and HLH domains are essential for transcriptional repression. Ref.3
Sequence similarities	Contains 1 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Differentiation Transcription Transcription regulation
Cellular component	Cytoplasm Nucleus
Ligand	DNA-binding
Molecular function	Developmental protein Repressor
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	cell differentiation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW multicellular organismal development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: MGI transcription Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell transcription factor complex Ref.1 Inferred from physical interaction. Source: MGI
Molecular function	transcription factor activity Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: MGI transcription repressor activity Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: MGI
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 160	160	Twist-related protein 2		PRO_0000127490
Regions
	Domain	79 – 118	40	Helix-loop-helix motif
	DNA binding	66 – 78	13	Basic motif
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	86	1	F → P: Abrogates transcriptional repression of MYOD1. Ref.3
	Sequence conflict	145	1	Y → F in BAB27885. Ref.2

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q9D030-1 [UniParc]. Last modified June 1, 2001. Version 1. Checksum: 6394750916940C12	FASTA	160	18,140
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MEEGSSSPVS PVDSLGTSEE ELERQPKRFG RKRRYSKKSS EDGSPTPGKR GKKGSPSAQS 70 80 90 100 110 120 FEELQSQRIL ANVRERQRTQ SLNEAFAALR KIIPTLPSDK LSKIQTLKLA ARYIDFLYQV 130 140 150 160 LQSDEMDNKM TSCSYVAHER LSYAYSVWRM EGAWSMSASH

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Dermo-1: a novel twist-related bHLH protein expressed in the developing dermis." Li L., Cserjesi P., Olson E.N. Dev. Biol. 172:280-292(1995) [PubMed: 7589808] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, SUBUNIT. Strain: Swiss. Tissue: Brain and Embryonic head.
[2]	"The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome." Carninci P., Kasukawa T., Katayama S., Gough J., Frith M.C., Maeda N., Oyama R., Ravasi T., Lenhard B., Wells C., Kodzius R., Shimokawa K., Bajic V.B., Brenner S.E., Batalov S., Forrest A.R., Zavolan M., Davis M.J. , Wilming L.G., Aidinis V., Allen J.E., Ambesi-Impiombato A., Apweiler R., Aturaliya R.N., Bailey T.L., Bansal M., Baxter L., Beisel K.W., Bersano T., Bono H., Chalk A.M., Chiu K.P., Choudhary V., Christoffels A., Clutterbuck D.R., Crowe M.L., Dalla E., Dalrymple B.P., de Bono B., Della Gatta G., di Bernardo D., Down T., Engstrom P., Fagiolini M., Faulkner G., Fletcher C.F., Fukushima T., Furuno M., Futaki S., Gariboldi M., Georgii-Hemming P., Gingeras T.R., Gojobori T., Green R.E., Gustincich S., Harbers M., Hayashi Y., Hensch T.K., Hirokawa N., Hill D., Huminiecki L., Iacono M., Ikeo K., Iwama A., Ishikawa T., Jakt M., Kanapin A., Katoh M., Kawasawa Y., Kelso J., Kitamura H., Kitano H., Kollias G., Krishnan S.P., Kruger A., Kummerfeld S.K., Kurochkin I.V., Lareau L.F., Lazarevic D., Lipovich L., Liu J., Liuni S., McWilliam S., Madan Babu M., Madera M., Marchionni L., Matsuda H., Matsuzawa S., Miki H., Mignone F., Miyake S., Morris K., Mottagui-Tabar S., Mulder N., Nakano N., Nakauchi H., Ng P., Nilsson R., Nishiguchi S., Nishikawa S., Nori F., Ohara O., Okazaki Y., Orlando V., Pang K.C., Pavan W.J., Pavesi G., Pesole G., Petrovsky N., Piazza S., Reed J., Reid J.F., Ring B.Z., Ringwald M., Rost B., Ruan Y., Salzberg S.L., Sandelin A., Schneider C., Schoenbach C., Sekiguchi K., Semple C.A., Seno S., Sessa L., Sheng Y., Shibata Y., Shimada H., Shimada K., Silva D., Sinclair B., Sperling S., Stupka E., Sugiura K., Sultana R., Takenaka Y., Taki K., Tammoja K., Tan S.L., Tang S., Taylor M.S., Tegner J., Teichmann S.A., Ueda H.R., van Nimwegen E., Verardo R., Wei C.L., Yagi K., Yamanishi H., Zabarovsky E., Zhu S., Zimmer A., Hide W., Bult C., Grimmond S.M., Teasdale R.D., Liu E.T., Brusic V., Quackenbush J., Wahlestedt C., Mattick J.S., Hume D.A., Kai C., Sasaki D., Tomaru Y., Fukuda S., Kanamori-Katayama M., Suzuki M., Aoki J., Arakawa T., Iida J., Imamura K., Itoh M., Kato T., Kawaji H., Kawagashira N., Kawashima T., Kojima M., Kondo S., Konno H., Nakano K., Ninomiya N., Nishio T., Okada M., Plessy C., Shibata K., Shiraki T., Suzuki S., Tagami M., Waki K., Watahiki A., Okamura-Oho Y., Suzuki H., Kawai J., Hayashizaki Y. Science 309:1559-1563(2005) [PubMed: 16141072] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: C57BL/6J. Tissue: Embryo.
[3]	"Dermo-1, a multifunctional basic helix-loop-helix protein, represses MyoD transactivation via the HLH domain, MEF2 interaction, and chromatin deacetylation." Gong X.Q., Li L. J. Biol. Chem. 277:12310-12317(2002) [PubMed: 11809751] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF PHE-86.
[4]	"Twist regulates cytokine gene expression through a negative feedback loop that represses NF-kappaB activity." Sosic D., Richardson J.A., Yu K., Ornitz D.M., Olson E.N. Cell 112:169-180(2003) [PubMed: 12553906] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INDUCTION.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	U36384 mRNA. Translation: AAC52319.1. AK011861 mRNA. Translation: BAB27885.1. AK011180 mRNA. Translation: BAB27450.1.
IPI	IPI00172358.
UniGene	Mm.9474
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q9D030.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSMUSG00000007805. Mus musculus. [Contig view]
Organism-specific databases
MGI	MGI:104685. Twist2.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	Q9D030.
HOVERGEN	Q9D030.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q9D030.
Bgee	Q9D030.
CleanEx	MM_TWIST2.
GermOnline	ENSMUSG00000007805. Mus musculus.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR001092. HLH_basic. IPR011598. HLH_DNA_bd. IPR015789. Twist. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:4.10.280.10. HLH_DNA_bd. 1 hit.
PANTHER	PTHR23349:SF6. Twist. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00010. HLH. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00353. HLH. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS50888. HLH. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

TWST2_MOUSE

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9D030

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 11, 2003
Last sequence update:	June 1, 2001
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 57 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)