ID TSSK1_HUMAN Reviewed; 367 AA. AC Q9BXA7; B2R8D9; DT 30-APR-2003, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-JUN-2001, sequence version 1. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 189. DE RecName: Full=Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 1; DE Short=TSK-1; DE Short=TSK1; DE Short=TSSK-1; DE Short=Testis-specific kinase 1; DE EC=2.7.11.1 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19530700}; DE AltName: Full=Serine/threonine-protein kinase 22A; GN Name=TSSK1B; Synonyms=SPOGA1, SPOGA4, STK22A, STK22D, TSSK1; GN ORFNames=FKSG81; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND INTERACTION WITH TSSK2. RX PubMed=15044604; DOI=10.1093/molehr/gah052; RA Hao Z., Jha K.N., Kim Y.H., Vemuganti S., Westbrook V.A., Chertihin O., RA Markgraf K., Flickinger C.J., Coppola M., Herr J.C., Visconti P.E.; RT "Expression analysis of the human testis-specific serine/threonine kinase RT (TSSK) homologues. A TSSK member is present in the equatorial segment of RT human sperm."; RL Mol. Hum. Reprod. 10:433-444(2004). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, ACTIVITY REGULATION, RP AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-174, AND MUTAGENESIS OF RP THR-174. RX PubMed=15733851; DOI=10.1016/j.febslet.2005.01.042; RA Jaleel M., McBride A., Lizcano J.M., Deak M., Toth R., Morrice N.A., RA Alessi D.R.; RT "Identification of the sucrose non-fermenting related kinase SNRK, as a RT novel LKB1 substrate."; RL FEBS Lett. 579:1417-1423(2005). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RA Wang Y.-G., Gong L.; RT "Molecular cloning and characterization of FKSG81, a novel gene located on RT human chromosome 5."; RL Submitted (FEB-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Testis; RX PubMed=14702039; DOI=10.1038/ng1285; RA Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., RA Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., RA Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S., RA Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., RA Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., RA Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., RA Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., RA Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., RA Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., RA Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., RA Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., RA Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., RA Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., RA Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., RA Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., RA Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., RA Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., RA Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., RA Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., RA Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., RA Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., RA Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., RA Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., RA Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., RA Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., RA Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., RA Isogai T., Sugano S.; RT "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human RT cDNAs."; RL Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=15372022; DOI=10.1038/nature02919; RA Schmutz J., Martin J., Terry A., Couronne O., Grimwood J., Lowry S., RA Gordon L.A., Scott D., Xie G., Huang W., Hellsten U., Tran-Gyamfi M., RA She X., Prabhakar S., Aerts A., Altherr M., Bajorek E., Black S., RA Branscomb E., Caoile C., Challacombe J.F., Chan Y.M., Denys M., RA Detter J.C., Escobar J., Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Glavina T., Gomez M., RA Gonzales E., Goodstein D., Grigoriev I., Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T., RA Haydu L., Israni S., Jett J., Kadner K., Kimball H., Kobayashi A., RA Lopez F., Lou Y., Martinez D., Medina C., Morgan J., Nandkeshwar R., RA Noonan J.P., Pitluck S., Pollard M., Predki P., Priest J., Ramirez L., RA Retterer J., Rodriguez A., Rogers S., Salamov A., Salazar A., Thayer N., RA Tice H., Tsai M., Ustaszewska A., Vo N., Wheeler J., Wu K., Yang J., RA Dickson M., Cheng J.-F., Eichler E.E., Olsen A., Pennacchio L.A., RA Rokhsar D.S., Richardson P., Lucas S.M., Myers R.M., Rubin E.M.; RT "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5."; RL Nature 431:268-274(2004). RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Hippocampus; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [7] RP PUTATIVE CONTRACEPTIVE TARGET. RX PubMed=17566264; RA Xu B., Hao Z., Jha K.N., Digilio L., Urekar C., Kim Y.H., Pulido S., RA Flickinger C.J., Herr J.C.; RT "Validation of a testis specific serine/threonine kinase [TSSK] family and RT the substrate of TSSK1 & 2, TSKS, as contraceptive targets."; RL Soc. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 63:87-101(2007). RN [8] RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, AND ACTIVITY REGULATION. RX PubMed=19530700; DOI=10.1021/jm9002846; RA Zhang L., Yan Y., Liu Z., Abliz Z., Liu G.; RT "Identification of peptide substrate and small molecule inhibitors of RT testis-specific serine/threonine kinase1 (TSSK1) by the developed assays."; RL J. Med. Chem. 52:4419-4428(2009). RN [9] RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RX PubMed=20729278; DOI=10.1093/molehr/gaq071; RA Li Y., Sosnik J., Brassard L., Reese M., Spiridonov N.A., Bates T.C., RA Johnson G.R., Anguita J., Visconti P.E., Salicioni A.M.; RT "Expression and localization of five members of the testis-specific serine RT kinase (Tssk) family in mouse and human sperm and testis."; RL Mol. Hum. Reprod. 17:42-56(2011). RN [10] RP VARIANTS [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] THR-50; TYR-83; LEU-233; CYS-237; TRP-288 RP AND GLU-293. RX PubMed=17344846; DOI=10.1038/nature05610; RA Greenman C., Stephens P., Smith R., Dalgliesh G.L., Hunter C., Bignell G., RA Davies H., Teague J., Butler A., Stevens C., Edkins S., O'Meara S., RA Vastrik I., Schmidt E.E., Avis T., Barthorpe S., Bhamra G., Buck G., RA Choudhury B., Clements J., Cole J., Dicks E., Forbes S., Gray K., RA Halliday K., Harrison R., Hills K., Hinton J., Jenkinson A., Jones D., RA Menzies A., Mironenko T., Perry J., Raine K., Richardson D., Shepherd R., RA Small A., Tofts C., Varian J., Webb T., West S., Widaa S., Yates A., RA Cahill D.P., Louis D.N., Goldstraw P., Nicholson A.G., Brasseur F., RA Looijenga L., Weber B.L., Chiew Y.-E., DeFazio A., Greaves M.F., RA Green A.R., Campbell P., Birney E., Easton D.F., Chenevix-Trench G., RA Tan M.-H., Khoo S.K., Teh B.T., Yuen S.T., Leung S.Y., Wooster R., RA Futreal P.A., Stratton M.R.; RT "Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes."; RL Nature 446:153-158(2007). CC -!- FUNCTION: Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase required CC during spermatid development. Phosphorylates 'Ser-288' of TSKS. CC Involved in the late stages of spermatogenesis, during the CC reconstruction of the cytoplasm. During spermatogenesis, required for CC the transformation of a ring-shaped structure around the base of the CC flagellum originating from the chromatoid body. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15733851, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19530700}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=ATP + L-seryl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-seryl- CC [protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:17989, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9863, Rhea:RHEA- CC COMP:11604, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29999, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:83421, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.11.1; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:19530700}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=ATP + L-threonyl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L- CC threonyl-[protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46608, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11060, CC Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11605, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30013, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:61977, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; CC EC=2.7.11.1; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:19530700}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q61241}; CC -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Kinase activity is specifically inhibited by 2 CC classes of compounds: biphenyl compounds (1,1'-(biphenyl-4,4'- CC diyl)bis(2,2-dihydroxyethanone)) and 1,2,7-trialky-1H-imidazo[4,5- CC g]quinoxalin-6-one. Activated by phosphorylation on Thr-174 and CC potentially by autophosphorylation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15733851, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:19530700}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with TSSK2. Interacts with HSP90; this interaction CC stabilizes TSSK1 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q61241, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:15044604}. CC -!- INTERACTION: CC Q9BXA7; O43281: EFS; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-6423734, EBI-718488; CC Q9BXA7; O43281-2: EFS; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-6423734, EBI-11525448; CC Q9BXA7; Q4G0N7: FAM229B; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-6423734, EBI-18340430; CC Q9BXA7; O15353: FOXN1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-6423734, EBI-11319000; CC Q9BXA7; P08238: HSP90AB1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-6423734, EBI-352572; CC Q9BXA7; Q6FHY5: MEOX2; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-6423734, EBI-16439278; CC Q9BXA7; Q9UJT2: TSKS; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-6423734, EBI-852101; CC Q9BXA7; P62258: YWHAE; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-6423734, EBI-356498; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasmic vesicle, CC secretory vesicle, acrosome {ECO:0000250}. Cell projection, cilium, CC flagellum {ECO:0000250}. Note=In spermatozoa, present in the sperm head CC and in the flagellum. {ECO:0000250}. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Testis-specific. Present in sperm (at protein CC level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15044604, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20729278}. CC -!- PTM: Autophosphorylated. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15733851}. CC -!- PTM: Ubiquitinated; HSP90 activity negatively regulates ubiquitination CC and degradation. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q61241}. CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: TSSK1B might be used as a target for male contraception CC or and intra-vaginal spermicides. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:17566264}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr CC protein kinase family. {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; AY028964; AAK27734.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AF348076; AAK29413.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK313332; BAG36136.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AC010431; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC022515; AAH22515.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS4112.1; -. DR RefSeq; NP_114417.1; NM_032028.3. DR AlphaFoldDB; Q9BXA7; -. DR SMR; Q9BXA7; -. DR BioGRID; 123825; 68. DR IntAct; Q9BXA7; 38. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000375081; -. DR BindingDB; Q9BXA7; -. DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL6003; -. DR DrugBank; DB12010; Fostamatinib. DR DrugCentral; Q9BXA7; -. DR GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY; 2257; -. DR GlyGen; Q9BXA7; 1 site, 1 O-linked glycan (1 site). DR iPTMnet; Q9BXA7; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q9BXA7; -. DR BioMuta; TSSK1B; -. DR DMDM; 30316282; -. DR MassIVE; Q9BXA7; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000375081; -. DR PeptideAtlas; Q9BXA7; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 79392; -. DR Antibodypedia; 25396; 50 antibodies from 19 providers. DR DNASU; 83942; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000390666.4; ENSP00000375081.3; ENSG00000212122.4. DR GeneID; 83942; -. DR KEGG; hsa:83942; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000390666.4; ENSP00000375081.3; NM_032028.4; NP_114417.1. DR UCSC; uc003kqm.2; human. DR AGR; HGNC:14968; -. DR CTD; 83942; -. DR DisGeNET; 83942; -. DR GeneCards; TSSK1B; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:14968; TSSK1B. DR HPA; ENSG00000212122; Tissue enriched (testis). DR MIM; 610709; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_Q9BXA7; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000212122; -. DR PharmGKB; PA37944; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000212122; -. DR eggNOG; KOG0583; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000163130; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_000288_63_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; Q9BXA7; -. DR OMA; ILSHCWM; -. DR OrthoDB; 5475498at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; Q9BXA7; -. DR TreeFam; TF352374; -. DR PathwayCommons; Q9BXA7; -. DR SignaLink; Q9BXA7; -. DR SIGNOR; Q9BXA7; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 83942; 7 hits in 1171 CRISPR screens. DR GenomeRNAi; 83942; -. DR Pharos; Q9BXA7; Tchem. DR PRO; PR:Q9BXA7; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 5. DR RNAct; Q9BXA7; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000212122; Expressed in right testis and 28 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; Q9BXA7; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0001669; C:acrosomal vesicle; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0031514; C:motile cilium; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0031588; C:nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0005524; F:ATP binding; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0000287; F:magnesium ion binding; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0106310; F:protein serine kinase activity; IEA:RHEA. DR GO; GO:0004674; F:protein serine/threonine kinase activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0044877; F:protein-containing complex binding; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0042149; P:cellular response to glucose starvation; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0035556; P:intracellular signal transduction; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0032007; P:negative regulation of TOR signaling; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0006468; P:protein phosphorylation; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0007286; P:spermatid development; ISS:UniProtKB. DR CDD; cd14165; STKc_TSSK1_2-like; 1. DR Gene3D; 1.10.510.10; Transferase(Phosphotransferase) domain 1; 1. DR InterPro; IPR011009; Kinase-like_dom_sf. DR InterPro; IPR000719; Prot_kinase_dom. DR InterPro; IPR017441; Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. DR InterPro; IPR008271; Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. DR PANTHER; PTHR24346; MAP/MICROTUBULE AFFINITY-REGULATING KINASE; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR24346:SF100; TESTIS-SPECIFIC SERINE_THREONINE-PROTEIN KINASE 1; 1. DR Pfam; PF00069; Pkinase; 1. DR SMART; SM00220; S_TKc; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF56112; Protein kinase-like (PK-like); 1. DR PROSITE; PS00107; PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP; 1. DR PROSITE; PS50011; PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00108; PROTEIN_KINASE_ST; 1. DR Genevisible; Q9BXA7; HS. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW ATP-binding; Cell projection; Cilium; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic vesicle; KW Developmental protein; Differentiation; Flagellum; Kinase; Magnesium; KW Metal-binding; Nucleotide-binding; Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome; KW Serine/threonine-protein kinase; Spermatogenesis; Transferase; KW Ubl conjugation. FT CHAIN 1..367 FT /note="Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 1" FT /id="PRO_0000086766" FT DOMAIN 12..272 FT /note="Protein kinase" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159" FT REGION 276..367 FT /note="Disordered" FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite" FT COMPBIAS 324..357 FT /note="Polar residues" FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite" FT ACT_SITE 136 FT /note="Proton acceptor" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159, FT ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU10027" FT BINDING 18..26 FT /ligand="ATP" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159" FT BINDING 41 FT /ligand="ATP" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159" FT MOD_RES 174 FT /note="Phosphothreonine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15733851" FT VARIANT 50 FT /note="A -> T (in dbSNP:rs747955728)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17344846" FT /id="VAR_041235" FT VARIANT 83 FT /note="H -> Y (in dbSNP:rs55930004)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17344846" FT /id="VAR_041236" FT VARIANT 233 FT /note="V -> L (in dbSNP:rs55940513)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17344846" FT /id="VAR_041237" FT VARIANT 237 FT /note="R -> C (in dbSNP:rs55738530)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17344846" FT /id="VAR_041238" FT VARIANT 288 FT /note="G -> W (in dbSNP:rs34696815)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17344846" FT /id="VAR_041239" FT VARIANT 293 FT /note="G -> E (in dbSNP:rs11953478)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17344846" FT /id="VAR_041240" FT MUTAGEN 174 FT /note="T->A: Loss of kinase activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15733851" FT MUTAGEN 174 FT /note="T->E: Constitutively active." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15733851" FT CONFLICT 345 FT /note="P -> L (in Ref. 4; BAG36136)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" SQ SEQUENCE 367 AA; 41618 MW; 1B740988894A1589 CRC64; MDDAAVLKRR GYLLGINLGE GSYAKVKSAY SERLKFNVAI KIIDRKKAPA DFLEKFLPRE IEILAMLNHC SIIKTYEIFE TSHGKVYIVM ELAVQGDLLE LIKTRGALHE DEARKKFHQL SLAIKYCHDL DVVHRDLKCD NLLLDKDFNI KLSDFSFSKR CLRDDSGRMA LSKTFCGSPA YAAPEVLQGI PYQPKVYDIW SLGVILYIMV CGSMPYDDSN IKKMLRIQKE HRVNFPRSKH LTGECKDLIY HMLQPDVNRR LHIDEILSHC WMQPKARGSP SVAINKEGES SRGTEPLWTP EPGSDKKSAT KLEPEGEAQP QAQPETKPEG TAMQMSRQSE ILGFPSKPST METEEGPPQQ PPETRAQ //