Q9BXA7 (TSSK1_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 1
Short name=TSK-1
Short name=TSK1
Short name=TSSK-1
Short name=Testis-specific kinase 1
EC=2.7.11.1

Alternative name(s):
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 22A

Gene names

Name:	TSSK1B
Synonyms:	SPOGA1, SPOGA4, STK22A, STK22D, TSSK1
ORF Names:	FKSG81

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	367 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase required during spermatid development. Phosphorylates 'Ser-288' of TSKS. Involved in the late stages of spermatogenesis, during the reconstruction of the cytoplasm. During spermatogenesis, required for the transformation of a ring-shaped structure around the base of the flagellum originating from the chromatoid body. Ref.2 Ref.8
Catalytic activity	ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
Cofactor	Magnesium By similarity.
Enzyme regulation	Kinase activity is specifically inhibited by 2 classes of compounds: biphenyl compounds (1,1'-(biphenyl-4,4'-diyl)bis(2,2-dihydroxyethanone)) and 1,2,7-trialky-1H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-6-one. Activated by phosphorylation on Thr-174 and potentially by autophosphorylation. Ref.2 Ref.8
Subunit structure	Interacts with TSSK2. Ref.1
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm By similarity. Cytoplasmic vesicle › secretory vesicle › acrosome By similarity. Cell projection › cilium › flagellum By similarity. Note: In spermatozoa, present in the sperm head and in the flagellum By similarity.
Tissue specificity	Testis-specific. Present in sperm (at protein level). Ref.1 Ref.9
Post-translational modification	Autophosphorylated. Ref.2
Miscellaneous	TSSK1B might be used as a target for male contraception or and intra-vaginal spermicides (Ref.7).
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Contains 1 protein kinase domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Differentiation Spermatogenesis
Cellular component	Cell projection Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic vesicle
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Ligand	ATP-binding Magnesium Metal-binding Nucleotide-binding
Molecular function	Developmental protein Kinase Serine/threonine-protein kinase Transferase
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	multicellular organismal development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW spermatid development Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular_component	acrosomal vesicle Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell motile cilium Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular_function	ATP binding Inferred from direct assay Ref.2. Source: UniProtKB magnesium ion binding Inferred from direct assay Ref.2. Source: UniProtKB protein serine/threonine kinase activity Inferred from direct assay Ref.2Ref.8. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 367	367	Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 1		PRO_0000086766
Regions
	Domain	12 – 272	261	Protein kinase
	Nucleotide binding	18 – 26	9	ATP By similarity
Sites
	Active site	136	1	Proton acceptor By similarity
	Binding site	41	1	ATP By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	174	1	Phosphothreonine Ref.2
Natural variations
	Natural variant	50	1	A → T. Ref.10		VAR_041235
	Natural variant	83	1	H → Y. Ref.10 Corresponds to variant rs55930004 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_041236
	Natural variant	233	1	V → L. Ref.10 Corresponds to variant rs55940513 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_041237
	Natural variant	237	1	R → C. Ref.10 Corresponds to variant rs55738530 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_041238
	Natural variant	288	1	G → W. Ref.10 Corresponds to variant rs34696815 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_041239
	Natural variant	293	1	G → E. Ref.10 Corresponds to variant rs11953478 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_041240
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	174	1	T → A: Loss of kinase activity. Ref.2
	Mutagenesis	174	1	T → E: Constitutively active. Ref.2
	Sequence conflict	345	1	P → L in BAG36136. Ref.4

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q9BXA7 [UniParc]. Last modified June 1, 2001. Version 1. Checksum: 1B740988894A1589	FASTA	367	41,618
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MDDAAVLKRR GYLLGINLGE GSYAKVKSAY SERLKFNVAI KIIDRKKAPA DFLEKFLPRE 70 80 90 100 110 120 IEILAMLNHC SIIKTYEIFE TSHGKVYIVM ELAVQGDLLE LIKTRGALHE DEARKKFHQL 130 140 150 160 170 180 SLAIKYCHDL DVVHRDLKCD NLLLDKDFNI KLSDFSFSKR CLRDDSGRMA LSKTFCGSPA 190 200 210 220 230 240 YAAPEVLQGI PYQPKVYDIW SLGVILYIMV CGSMPYDDSN IKKMLRIQKE HRVNFPRSKH 250 260 270 280 290 300 LTGECKDLIY HMLQPDVNRR LHIDEILSHC WMQPKARGSP SVAINKEGES SRGTEPLWTP 310 320 330 340 350 360 EPGSDKKSAT KLEPEGEAQP QAQPETKPEG TAMQMSRQSE ILGFPSKPST METEEGPPQQ PPETRAQ

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Expression analysis of the human testis-specific serine/threonine kinase (TSSK) homologues. A TSSK member is present in the equatorial segment of human sperm." Hao Z., Jha K.N., Kim Y.H., Vemuganti S., Westbrook V.A., Chertihin O., Markgraf K., Flickinger C.J., Coppola M., Herr J.C., Visconti P.E. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 10:433-444(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INTERACTION WITH TSSK2.
[2]	"Identification of the sucrose non-fermenting related kinase SNRK, as a novel LKB1 substrate." Jaleel M., McBride A., Lizcano J.M., Deak M., Toth R., Morrice N.A., Alessi D.R. FEBS Lett. 579:1417-1423(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, ENZYME REGULATION, AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-174, MUTAGENESIS OF THR-174.
[3]	"Molecular cloning and characterization of FKSG81, a novel gene located on human chromosome 5." Wang Y.-G., Gong L. Submitted (FEB-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[4]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Testis.
[5]	"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5." Schmutz J., Martin J., Terry A., Couronne O., Grimwood J., Lowry S., Gordon L.A., Scott D., Xie G., Huang W., Hellsten U., Tran-Gyamfi M., She X., Prabhakar S., Aerts A., Altherr M., Bajorek E., Black S. , Branscomb E., Caoile C., Challacombe J.F., Chan Y.M., Denys M., Detter J.C., Escobar J., Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Glavina T., Gomez M., Gonzales E., Goodstein D., Grigoriev I., Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T., Haydu L., Israni S., Jett J., Kadner K., Kimball H., Kobayashi A., Lopez F., Lou Y., Martinez D., Medina C., Morgan J., Nandkeshwar R., Noonan J.P., Pitluck S., Pollard M., Predki P., Priest J., Ramirez L., Retterer J., Rodriguez A., Rogers S., Salamov A., Salazar A., Thayer N., Tice H., Tsai M., Ustaszewska A., Vo N., Wheeler J., Wu K., Yang J., Dickson M., Cheng J.-F., Eichler E.E., Olsen A., Pennacchio L.A., Rokhsar D.S., Richardson P., Lucas S.M., Myers R.M., Rubin E.M. Nature 431:268-274(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Hippocampus.
[7]	"Validation of a testis specific serine/threonine kinase [TSSK] family and the substrate of TSSK1 & 2, TSKS, as contraceptive targets." Xu B., Hao Z., Jha K.N., Digilio L., Urekar C., Kim Y.H., Pulido S., Flickinger C.J., Herr J.C. Soc. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 63:87-101(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PUTATIVE CONTRACEPTIVE TARGET.
[8]	"Identification of peptide substrate and small molecule inhibitors of testis-specific serine/threonine kinase1 (TSSK1) by the developed assays." Zhang L., Yan Y., Liu Z., Abliz Z., Liu G. J. Med. Chem. 52:4419-4428(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION, FUNCTION.
[9]	"Expression and localization of five members of the testis-specific serine kinase (Tssk) family in mouse and human sperm and testis." Li Y., Sosnik J., Brassard L., Reese M., Spiridonov N.A., Bates T.C., Johnson G.R., Anguita J., Visconti P.E., Salicioni A.M. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 17:42-56(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[10]	"Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes." Greenman C., Stephens P., Smith R., Dalgliesh G.L., Hunter C., Bignell G., Davies H., Teague J., Butler A., Stevens C., Edkins S., O'Meara S., Vastrik I., Schmidt E.E., Avis T., Barthorpe S., Bhamra G., Buck G. , Choudhury B., Clements J., Cole J., Dicks E., Forbes S., Gray K., Halliday K., Harrison R., Hills K., Hinton J., Jenkinson A., Jones D., Menzies A., Mironenko T., Perry J., Raine K., Richardson D., Shepherd R., Small A., Tofts C., Varian J., Webb T., West S., Widaa S., Yates A., Cahill D.P., Louis D.N., Goldstraw P., Nicholson A.G., Brasseur F., Looijenga L., Weber B.L., Chiew Y.-E., DeFazio A., Greaves M.F., Green A.R., Campbell P., Birney E., Easton D.F., Chenevix-Trench G., Tan M.-H., Khoo S.K., Teh B.T., Yuen S.T., Leung S.Y., Wooster R., Futreal P.A., Stratton M.R. Nature 446:153-158(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] THR-50; TYR-83; LEU-233; CYS-237; TRP-288 AND GLU-293.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AY028964 mRNA. Translation: AAK27734.1. AF348076 mRNA. Translation: AAK29413.1. AK313332 mRNA. Translation: BAG36136.1. AC010431 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC022515 mRNA. Translation: AAH22515.1.
IPI	IPI00012465.
RefSeq	NP_114417.1. NM_032028.3.
UniGene	Hs.519507.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q9BXA7.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q9BXA7. 1 interaction.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q9BXA7.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	30316282.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	Q9BXA7.
PRIDE	Q9BXA7.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000390666; ENSP00000375081; ENSG00000212122.
GeneID	83942.
KEGG	hsa:83942.
UCSC	uc003kqm.2. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	83942.
GeneCards	GC05M112801.
HGNC	HGNC:14968. TSSK1B.
HPA	HPA027827.
MIM	610709. gene.
neXtProt	NX_Q9BXA7.
PharmGKB	PA37944.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG0515.
HOGENOM	HOG000233016.
HOVERGEN	HBG101110.
InParanoid	Q9BXA7.
KO	K08811.
OMA	DARKKFH.
OrthoDB	EOG4WH8M2.
PhylomeDB	Q9BXA7.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q9BXA7.
Bgee	Q9BXA7.
CleanEx	HS_TSSK1B.
Genevestigator	Q9BXA7.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_cat_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR002290. Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom. IPR008271. Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00069. Pkinase. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00220. S_TKc. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF56112. Kinase_like. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
BindingDB	Q9BXA7.
ChEMBL	CHEMBL6003.
GenomeRNAi	83942.
NextBio	73081.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

TSSK1_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9BXA7
Secondary accession number(s): B2R8D9

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 30, 2003
Last sequence update:	June 1, 2001
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 117 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.