Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9BRP4 (PAAF1_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Proteasomal ATPase-associated factor 1
Alternative name(s):
    WD repeat-containing protein 71
    Protein G-16

Gene names

Name:	PAAF1
Synonyms:	WDR71

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	392 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Inhibits proteasome 26S assembly and proteolytic activity by impairing the association of the 19S regulatory complex with the 20S core. In case of HIV-1 infection, recruited by viral Tat to the HIV-1 promoter, where it promotes the recruitment of 19S regulatory complex through dissociation of the proteasome 26S. This presumably promotes provirus transcription efficiency. Ref.7 Ref.9
Subunit structure	Interacts with PSMC1, PSMC2, PSMC3, PSMC4, PSMC5 and PSMC6. Interacts with HIV-1 Tat. Ref.7 Ref.9
Tissue specificity	Ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels in kidney, brain and testis. Ref.7
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the WD repeat PAAF1/RPN14 family. Contains 5 WD repeats.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Host-virus interaction
Cellular component	Proteasome
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing Polymorphism
Domain	Repeat WD repeat
PTM	Acetylation
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	interspecies interaction between organisms Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	proteasome complex Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular function	protein binding Inferred from physical interaction. Source: IntAct
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
ALDH16A1	Q8IZ83	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-1044483
DERA	Q9Y315	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-1048152
FADS1	O60427	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-1055473
PSMC1	P62191	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-357598
PSMC2	P35998	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-359710
PSMC3	P17980	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-359720
PSMC4	P43686	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-743997
PSMC5	P62195	2	EBI-1056358,EBI-357745
PSMC6	P62333	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-357669
PSMD1	Q99460	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-357874
PSMD10	O75832	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-752185
PSMD11	O00231	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-357816
PSMD12	O00232	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-359733
PSMD14	O00487	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-722193
PSMD2	Q13200	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-357648
PSMD3	O43242	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-357622
PSMD6	Q15008	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-359701
PSMD7	P51665	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-357659
PSMD8	P48556	1	EBI-1056358,EBI-359304

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9BRP4-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: Q9BRP4-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-30: MAAPLRIQSDWAQALRKDEGEAWLSCHPPG → MLVPCFLYSLQNR

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Initiator methionine	1	1	Removed
	Chain	2 – 392	391	Proteasomal ATPase-associated factor 1		PRO_0000235685
Regions
	Repeat	90 – 129	40	WD 1
	Repeat	132 – 171	40	WD 2
	Repeat	174 – 215	42	WD 3
	Repeat	278 – 316	39	WD 4
	Repeat	360 – 392	33	WD 5
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	2	1	N-acetylalanine Ref.11
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	1 – 30	30	MAAPL…CHPPG → MLVPCFLYSLQNR in isoform 2.		VSP_018477
	Natural variant	53	1	A → V: dbSNP rs17850051. Ref.6		VAR_026415
	Natural variant	139	1	C → S: dbSNP rs2067912. Ref.3		VAR_032082
	Natural variant	209	1	A → G: dbSNP rs3741138. Ref.6 Ref.1		VAR_026416

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified May 16, 2006. Version 2. Checksum: 54ECB1DEC1841B49	FASTA	392	42,190
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAAPLRIQSD WAQALRKDEG EAWLSCHPPG KPSLYGSLTC QGIGLDGIPE VTASEGFTVN 70 80 90 100 110 120 EINKKSIHIS CPKENASSKF LAPYTTFSRI HTKSITCLDI SSRGGLGVSS STDGTMKIWQ 130 140 150 160 170 180 ASNGELRRVL EGHVFDVNCC RFFPSGLVVL SGGMDAQLKI WSAEDASCVV TFKGHKGGIL 190 200 210 220 230 240 DTAIVDRGRN VVSASRDGTA RLWDCGRSAC LGVLADCGSS INGVAVGAAD NSINLGSPEQ 250 260 270 280 290 300 MPSEREVGTE AKMLLLARED KKLQCLGLQS RQLVFLFIGS DAFNCCTFLS GFLLLAGTQD 310 320 330 340 350 360 GNIYQLDVRS PRAPVQVIHR SGAPVLSLLS VRDGFIASQG DGSCFIVQQD LDYVTELTGA 370 380 390 DCDPVYKVAT WEKQIYTCCR DGLVRRYQLS DL
	Isoform 2. Checksum: C9AAF37840B5F43A	FASTA	375	40,439
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MLVPCFLYSL QNRKPSLYGS LTCQGIGLDG IPEVTASEGF TVNEINKKSI HISCPKENAS 70 80 90 100 110 120 SKFLAPYTTF SRIHTKSITC LDISSRGGLG VSSSTDGTMK IWQASNGELR RVLEGHVFDV 130 140 150 160 170 180 NCCRFFPSGL VVLSGGMDAQ LKIWSAEDAS CVVTFKGHKG GILDTAIVDR GRNVVSASRD 190 200 210 220 230 240 GTARLWDCGR SACLGVLADC GSSINGVAVG AADNSINLGS PEQMPSEREV GTEAKMLLLA 250 260 270 280 290 300 REDKKLQCLG LQSRQLVFLF IGSDAFNCCT FLSGFLLLAG TQDGNIYQLD VRSPRAPVQV 310 320 330 340 350 360 IHRSGAPVLS LLSVRDGFIA SQGDGSCFIV QQDLDYVTEL TGADCDPVYK VATWEKQIYT 370 CCRDGLVRRY QLSDL

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Cloning of a new human cDNA homology to Xenopus laevis gene 16 mRNA." Bi A.D., Yu L., Tu Q., Yang J., Dai F.Y., Cui W.C., Zheng L.H., Zhao S.Y. Submitted (AUG-1998) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), VARIANT GLY-209.
[2]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Embryo.
[3]	Suzuki Y., Sugano S., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Takeda T., Sakaki Y., Tanaka A., Yokoyama S. Submitted (APR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT SER-139. Tissue: Adipose tissue.
[4]	"Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification." Taylor T.D., Noguchi H., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Kuroki Y., Dewar K., Lloyd C., Itoh T., Takeda T., Kim D.-W., She X., Barlow K.F., Bloom T., Bruford E., Chang J.L., Cuomo C.A., Eichler E., FitzGerald M.G. , Jaffe D.B., LaButti K., Nicol R., Park H.-S., Seaman C., Sougnez C., Yang X., Zimmer A.R., Zody M.C., Birren B.W., Nusbaum C., Fujiyama A., Hattori M., Rogers J., Lander E.S., Sakaki Y. Nature 440:497-500(2006) [PubMed: 16554811] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2), VARIANTS VAL-53 AND GLY-209. Tissue: Brain and Lung.
[7]	"Proteasomal ATPase-associated factor 1 negatively regulates proteasome activity by interacting with proteasomal ATPases." Park Y., Hwang Y.-P., Lee J.-S., Seo S.-H., Yoon S.K., Yoon J.-B. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:3842-3853(2005) [PubMed: 15831487] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INTERACTION WITH PSMC1; PSMC2; PSMC3; PSMC4; PSMC5 AND PSMC6, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[8]	"Mass spectrometric characterization of the affinity-purified human 26S proteasome complex." Wang X., Chen C.-F., Baker P.R., Chen P.-L., Kaiser P., Huang L. Biochemistry 46:3553-3565(2007) [PubMed: 17323924] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[9]	"The proteasome regulates HIV-1 transcription by both proteolytic and nonproteolytic mechanisms." Lassot I., Latreille D., Rousset E., Sourisseau M., Linares L.K., Chable-Bessia C., Coux O., Benkirane M., Kiernan R.E. Mol. Cell 25:369-383(2007) [PubMed: 17289585] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH HIV-1 TAT.
[10]	Colinge J., Superti-Furga G., Bennett K.L. Submitted (OCT-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[11]	"Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach." Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J., Mohammed S. Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009) [PubMed: 19413330] [Abstract] Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ALA-2, MASS SPECTROMETRY.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF087895 mRNA. Translation: AAP97194.1. AK021910 mRNA. Translation: BAB13933.1. AK222501 mRNA. Translation: BAD96221.1. AP002770 Genomic DNA. No translation available. CH471076 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW74917.1. BC006142 mRNA. Translation: AAH06142.2. BC021541 mRNA. Translation: AAH21541.1. BC028628 mRNA. Translation: AAH28628.1.
IPI	IPI00743862. IPI00867542.
RefSeq	NP_079431.1.
UniGene	Hs.525017
3D structure databases
SMR	Q9BRP4. Positions 78-382.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q9BRP4. 19 interactions.
STRING	Q9BRP4.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q9BRP4.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000310571; ENSP00000311665; ENSG00000175575; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]
GeneID	80227.
KEGG	hsa:80227.
UCSC	uc001ouk.1. human. uc001oul.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	80227.
GeneCards	GC11P073267.
HGNC	HGNC:25687. PAAF1.
PharmGKB	PA142670604.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	prNOG13310.
HOVERGEN	Q9BRP4.
InParanoid	Q9BRP4.
OMA	HTKSITC.
OrthoDB	EOG9577SW.
PhylomeDB	Q9BRP4.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q9BRP4.
Bgee	Q9BRP4.
CleanEx	HS_PAAF1.
Genevestigator	Q9BRP4.
GermOnline	ENSG00000175575. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR020472. G-protein_beta_WD-40_rep_reg. IPR015943. WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom. IPR001680. WD40_repeat. IPR011046. WD40_repeat-like_dom. IPR019782. WD40_repeat_2. IPR019775. WD40_repeat_CS. IPR017986. WD40_repeat_dom. IPR019781. WD40_repeat_sg. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:2.130.10.10. WD40/YVTN_repeat-like. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00400. WD40. 3 hits. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00320. GPROTEINBRPT.
SMART	SM00320. WD40. 6 hits. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS00678. WD_REPEATS_1. 1 hit. PS50082. WD_REPEATS_2. 3 hits. PS50294. WD_REPEATS_REGION. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	70653.

Entry information

Entry name

PAAF1_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9BRP4
Secondary accession number(s): A6NDR5 , Q4G165, Q53HS9, Q7Z500, Q8TBU6, Q9HAB6

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	May 16, 2006
Last sequence update:	May 16, 2006
Last modified:	January 19, 2010
This is version 70 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.