Q9BDJ6 (GHRL_BOVIN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Appetite-regulating hormone

Alternative name(s):
Growth hormone secretagogue
Growth hormone-releasing peptide
Motilin-related peptide

Cleaved into the following 2 chains:

1. Ghrelin
2. Obestatin

Gene names

Name:

GHRL

Organism

Bos taurus (Bovine) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9913 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Laurasiatheria › Cetartiodactyla › Ruminantia › Pecora › Bovidae › Bovinae › Bos

Protein attributes

Sequence length	116 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Ghrelin is the ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 (GHSR). Induces the release of growth hormone from the pituitary. Has an appetite-stimulating effect, induces adiposity and stimulates gastric acid secretion. Involved in growth regulation By similarity. Obestatin may be the ligand for GPR39. May have an appetite-reducing effect resulting in decreased food intake. May reduce gastric emptying activity and jejunal motility By similarity.
Subcellular location	Secreted By similarity.
Post-translational modification	O-octanoylation is essential for ghrelin activity By similarity. Amidation of Leu-97 is essential for obestatin activity By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the motilin family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Hormone
PTM	Amidation Lipoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	actin polymerization or depolymerization Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB activation of MAPK activity Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB decidualization Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB dendrite development Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of apoptotic process Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of inflammatory response Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of insulin secretion Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB positive regulation of insulin secretion Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB positive regulation of response to food Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB positive regulation of synapse assembly Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB response to estrogen stimulus Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular_component	axon Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB extracellular space Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular_function	ghrelin receptor binding Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB growth hormone-releasing hormone activity Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB protein tyrosine kinase activator activity Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 23	23	By similarity
	Peptide	24 – 50	27	Ghrelin By similarity		PRO_0000019194
	Propeptide	51 – 74	24	Removed in mature form By similarity		PRO_0000019195
	Peptide	75 – 97	23	Obestatin By similarity		PRO_0000045132
	Propeptide	98 – 116	19	Removed in mature form By similarity		PRO_0000045133
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	97	1	Leucine amide By similarity
	Lipidation	26	1	O-octanoyl serine By similarity
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	34	1	K → E in BAB19047. Ref.3

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q9BDJ6 [UniParc]. Last modified June 1, 2001. Version 1. Checksum: F55536DAC5FA59B6	FASTA	116	12,793
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MPAPWTICSL LLLSVLCMDL AMAGSSFLSP EHQKLQRKEA KKPSGRLKPR TLEGQFDPEV 70 80 90 100 110 GSQAEGAEDE LEIRFNAPFN IGIKLAGAQS LQHGQTLGKF LQDILWEEAE ETLANE

References

[1]	Kita K., Harada K., Yokota H. Submitted (FEB-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[2]	"A full length genomic sequence of the bovine ghrelin gene." Li C., Lobo S., Wang Z., Fu A., Meng Y., Murdoch B., Hansen C., Moore S. Submitted (JAN-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	Kojima M. Submitted (DEC-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 24-99.

Web resources

Protein Spotlight

Gut feelings - Issue 66 of January 2006

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF350329 mRNA. Translation: AAK18612.1. AY903701 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAX89508.1. AB035702 mRNA. Translation: BAB19047.1.
IPI	IPI00703678.
RefSeq	NP_776492.1. NM_174067.2.
UniGene	Bt.8142.
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSBTAT00000016350; ENSBTAP00000016350; ENSBTAG00000012328.
GeneID	281192.
KEGG	bta:281192.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	51738.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG45924.
GeneTree	ENSGT00390000004064.
HOGENOM	HOG000236303.
HOVERGEN	HBG018522.
KO	K05254.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q9BDJ6.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR006737. Motilin_assoc. IPR006738. Motilin_ghrelin. IPR005441. Preproghrelin. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR14122. PTHR14122. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF04643. Motilin_assoc. 1 hit. PF04644. Motilin_ghrelin. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR01624. GHRELIN.
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
NextBio	20805249.

Entry information

Entry name

GHRL_BOVIN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9BDJ6
Secondary accession number(s): Q0VH85, Q9GKY6

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	December 13, 2001
Last sequence update:	June 1, 2001
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 70 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program