Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9BDE0 (TYRO_GORGO)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Tyrosinase
    EC=1.14.18.1
Alternative name(s):
    Monophenol monooxygenase

Gene names

Name:

TYR

Organism

Gorilla gorilla gorilla (Lowland gorilla)

Taxonomic identifier

9595 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Gorilla

Protein attributes

Sequence length	529 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Inferred from homology.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the rate-limiting conversions of tyrosine to DOPA, DOPA to DOPA-quinone and possibly 5,6-dihydroxyindole to indole-5,6 quinone.
Catalytic activity	L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 = L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O.
Cofactor	Binds 2 copper ions per subunit By similarity.
Subcellular location	Melanosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein By similarity.
Involvement in disease	Defects in TYR are the cause of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). The only known albino gorilla, called Floquet de Neu ('Snowflake') had white hair, pink skin and blue eyes (zoologic park of Barcelona, 1964-2003). No differences were found at the amino-acid level but the activity of this enzyme was lacking in 'Snowflake'.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the tyrosinase family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Melanin biosynthesis
Cellular component	Membrane
Disease	Albinism
Domain	Signal Transmembrane
Ligand	Copper Metal-binding
Molecular function	Monooxygenase Oxidoreductase
PTM	Glycoprotein
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW oxidation reduction Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW melanosome membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	copper ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW monophenol monooxygenase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC protein heterodimerization activity Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB protein homodimerization activity Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 18	18	Potential
	Chain	19 – 529	511	Tyrosinase		PRO_0000035878
Regions
	Topological domain	19 – 476	458	Lumenal, melanosome Potential
	Transmembrane	477 – 497	21	Potential
	Topological domain	498 – 529	32	Cytoplasmic Potential
Sites
	Metal binding	180	1	Copper A By similarity
	Metal binding	202	1	Copper A By similarity
	Metal binding	211	1	Copper A By similarity
	Metal binding	363	1	Copper B By similarity
	Metal binding	367	1	Copper B By similarity
	Metal binding	390	1	Copper B By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	86	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	111	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	161	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	230	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	337	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	371	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	5	1	V → A in AAG27271. Ref.3
	Sequence conflict	5	1	V → I in AAX82902. Ref.2
	Sequence conflict	5	1	V → I in AAX82905. Ref.2

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q9BDE0-1 [UniParc]. Last modified June 7, 2004. Version 2. Checksum: D1C574D63DFF8EBC	FASTA	529	60,365
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MLLAVLYCLL WSFQTSAGHF PRACVSSKNL MEKECCPPWS GDRSPCGQLS GRGSCQNILL 70 80 90 100 110 120 SNAPLGPQFP FTGVDDRESW PSVFYNRTCQ CSGNFMGFNC GNCKFGFWGP NCTERRLLVR 130 140 150 160 170 180 RNIFDLSAPE KDKFFAYLTL AKHTISSDYV IPIGTYGQMK NGSTPMFNDI NIYDLFVWMH 190 200 210 220 230 240 YYVSMDALLG GSEIWRDIDF AHEAPAFLPW HRLFLLRWEQ EIQKLTGDEN FTIPYWDWRD 250 260 270 280 290 300 AEKCDICTDE YMGGQHPTNP NLLSPASFFS SWQIVCSRLE EYNSHQSLCN GTPEGPLQRN 310 320 330 340 350 360 PGNHDKSRTP RLPSSADVEF CLSLTQYESG SMDKAANFSF RNTLEGFASP LTGIADASQS 370 380 390 400 410 420 SMHNALHIYM NGTMSQVQGS ANDPIFLLHH AFVDSIFEQW LRRHRPLQEV YPEANAPIGH 430 440 450 460 470 480 NRESYMVPFI PLYRNGDFFI SSKDLGYDYS YLQDSDPDSF QDYIKSYLEQ ASRIWSWLLG 490 500 510 520 AAMVGAVLTA LLAGLVSLLC RHKRKQLPEE KQPLLMEKED YHSLYQSHL

References

[1]	"The tyrosinase gene in gorillas and the albinism of 'Snowflake'." Martinez-Arias R., Comas D., Andres A., Abello M.-T., Domingo-Roura X., Bertranpetit J. Pigment Cell Res. 13:467-470(2000) [PubMed: 11153699] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], INVOLVEMENT IN ALBINISM. Strain: Isolate Machinda, Isolate Ndengue and Isolate Snowflake. Tissue: Blood.
[2]	"Analysis of 5' upstream regulatory sequences and LCR-like region of the Gorilla tyrosinase locus." Roy R., Cantero M., Montoliu L. Submitted (JAN-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: Isolate Snowflake and Isolate Urko.
[3]	"Molecular evolution of tyrosinase gene in primates." Ding B., Ryder O.A., Shi P., Zhang Y.-P. Submitted (SEP-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-388 AND 396-529.

Web resources

Protein Spotlight

Snowy stardom - Issue 49 of August 2004

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	AF237806 , AF237802, AF237803, AF237804, AF237805 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK00804.1. AF237796 , AF237792, AF237793, AF237794, AF237795 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK00802.1. AF237801 , AF237797, AF237798, AF237799, AF237800 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK00803.1. AY874469 , AY874465, AY874466, AY874468, AY874467 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAX82902.1. AY874464 , AY874460, AY874462, AY874463, AY874461 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAX82905.1. AF183601, AF183599, AF183600 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAG27271.1. AF183603, AF183602 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAG27272.1.
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	Q9BDE0.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BRENDA	1.14.18.1. 299462.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR008922. Di-copper_centre. IPR002227. Tyrosinase. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:1.10.1280.10. Di-copper_centre. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00264. Tyrosinase. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00092. TYROSINASE.
PROSITE	PS00497. TYROSINASE_1. 1 hit. PS00498. TYROSINASE_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

TYRO_GORGO

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9BDE0
Secondary accession number(s): Q2KP17, Q9GLU5, Q9GLU6

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	June 7, 2004
Last sequence update:	June 7, 2004
Last modified:	May 5, 2009
This is version 46 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)