Q99879Q6NWQ3H2B1M_HUMANHistone H2B type 1-MHistone H2B.eH2B/eH2BC14H2BFEHIST1H2BMHomo sapiensHumanEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomoThe human histone gene cluster at the D6S105 locus.NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]The human and mouse replication-dependent histone genes.NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 59-73IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRYApoptotic phosphorylation of histone H2B is mediated by mammalian sterile twenty kinase.PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-15Monoubiquitination of human histone H2B: the factors involved and their roles in HOX gene regulation.UBIQUITINATION AT LYS-121Inhibition of core histones acetylation by carcinogenic nickel(II).ACETYLATION AT LYS-6; LYS-13; LYS-16 AND LYS-21Histone H2B monoubiquitination functions cooperatively with FACT to regulate elongation by RNA polymerase II.UBIQUITINATION AT LYS-121Gene-specific characterization of human histone H2B by electron capture dissociation.IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRYLysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-6; LYS-13; LYS-16; LYS-17; LYS-21 AND LYS-24IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]Identification of 67 histone marks and histone lysine crotonylation as a new type of histone modification.CROTONYLATION AT LYS-6; LYS-12; LYS-13; LYS-16; LYS-17; LYS-21; LYS-24 AND LYS-35The RING finger protein MSL2 in the MOF complex is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for H2B K34 and is involved in crosstalk with H3 K4 and K79 methylation.UBIQUITINATION AT LYS-35Lysine succinylation and lysine malonylation in histones.SUCCINYLATION AT LYS-35; LYS-117 AND LYS-121MALONYLATION AT LYS-117USP49 deubiquitinates histone H2B and regulates cotranscriptional pre-mRNA splicing.UBIQUITINATIONDEUBIQUITINATION BY USP49Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation is a widely distributed active histone mark.HYDROXYBUTYRYLATION AT LYS-6; LYS-13; LYS-21; LYS-24; LYS-25; LYS-35; LYS-44; LYS-47; LYS-58; LYS-86; LYS-109; LYS-117 AND LYS-121Dynamic competing histone H4 K5K8 acetylation and butyrylation are hallmarks of highly active gene promoters.BUTYRYLATION AT LYS-6 AND LYS-21Metabolic regulation of gene expression by histone lysine beta-hydroxybutyrylation.HYDROXYBUTYRYLATION AT LYS-6; LYS-12; LYS-17; LYS-21; LYS-35; LYS-86; LYS-117 AND LYS-121Serine is a new target residue for endogenous ADP-ribosylation on histones.ADP-RIBOSYLATION AT SER-7Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation.SUMOYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-6IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]PARP3 is a sensor of nicked nucleosomes and monoribosylates histone H2B(Glu2).ADP-RIBOSYLATION AT GLU-3Glutarylation of histone H4 lysine 91 regulates chromatin dynamics.GLUTARYLATION AT LYS-17; LYS-35; LYS-44; LYS-47; LYS-109; LYS-117 AND LYS-121Metabolic regulation of gene expression by histone lactylation.LACTYLATION AT LYS-6; LYS-12; LYS-16; LYS-17; LYS-21; LYS-24; LYS-44; LYS-86; LYS-109; LYS-117 AND LYS-121Serine ADP-ribosylation marks nucleosomes for ALC1-dependent chromatin remodeling.ADP-RIBOSYLATION AT SER-7The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.VARIANT [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] TYR-110Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.NucleusChromosomeMonoubiquitination at Lys-35 (H2BK34Ub) by the MSL1/MSL2 dimer is required for histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-79' (H3K79me) methylation and transcription activation at specific gene loci, such as HOXA9 and MEIS1 loci. Similarly, monoubiquitination at Lys-121 (H2BK120Ub) by the RNF20/40 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for histone H3 'Lys-4' and 'Lys-79' methylation. It also functions cooperatively with the FACT dimer to stimulate elongation by RNA polymerase II. H2BK120Ub also acts as a regulator of mRNA splicing: deubiquitination by USP49 is required for efficient cotranscriptional splicing of a large set of exons.Phosphorylation at Ser-37 (H2BS36ph) by AMPK in response to stress promotes transcription (By similarity). Phosphorylated on Ser-15 (H2BS14ph) by STK4/MST1 during apoptosis; which facilitates apoptotic chromatin condensation (PubMed:12757711). Also phosphorylated on Ser-15 in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and in correlation with somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin class-switch recombination.GlcNAcylation at Ser-113 promotes monoubiquitination of Lys-121. It fluctuates in response to extracellular glucose, and associates with transcribed genes (By similarity).ADP-ribosylated by PARP1 or PARP2 on Ser-7 (H2BS6ADPr) in response to DNA damage (PubMed:27723750, PubMed:34874266). H2BS6ADPr promotes recruitment of CHD1L (PubMed:34874266). Mono-ADP-ribosylated on Glu-3 (H2BE2ADPr) by PARP3 in response to single-strand breaks (PubMed:27530147). Poly ADP-ribosylation on Glu-36 (H2BE35ADPr) by PARP1 regulates adipogenesis: it inhibits phosphorylation at Ser-37 (H2BS36ph), thereby blocking expression of pro-adipogenetic genes (By similarity).Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.Lactylated in macrophages by EP300/P300 by using lactoyl-CoA directly derived from endogenous or exogenous lactate, leading to stimulates gene transcription.Belongs to the histone H2B family.AcetylationADP-ribosylationChromosomeDirect protein sequencingDNA-bindingGlycoproteinHydroxylationIsopeptide bondMethylationNucleosome coreNucleusPhosphoproteinReference proteomeUbl conjugationHYGRMPEPVKSAPVPKKGSKKAINKAQKKDGKKRKRSRKESYSVYVYKVLKQVHPDTGISSKAMGIMNSFVNDIFERIAGEASRLAHYNKRSTITSREIQTAVRLLLPGELAKHAVSEGTKAVTKYTSSK
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