Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q99798 (ACON_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial
      Short name=Aconitase
    EC=4.2.1.3
Alternative name(s):
    Citrate hydro-lyase

Gene names

Name:

ACO2

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	780 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Catalytic activity	Citrate = isocitrate.
Cofactor	Binds 1 4Fe-4S cluster per subunit. Binding of a 3Fe-4S cluster leads to an inactive enzyme By similarity.
Pathway	Carbohydrate metabolism; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Subunit structure	Monomer By similarity.
Subcellular location	Mitochondrion By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Cellular component	Mitochondrion
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Transit peptide
Ligand	4Fe-4S Iron Iron-sulfur Metal-binding
Molecular function	Lyase
PTM	Acetylation Isopeptide bond Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid Ubl conjugation
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	citrate metabolic process Ref.2 Inferred from direct assay. Source: MGI tricarboxylic acid cycle Ref.2 Inferred from direct assay. Source: MGI
Cellular component	mitochondrial matrix Ref.8 Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome nucleus Inferred from direct assay. Source: HPA
Molecular function	4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW aconitate hydratase activity Ref.8 Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome iron ion binding Ref.2 Inferred from direct assay. Source: MGI
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Transit peptide	1 – 27	27	Mitochondrion By similarity
	Chain	28 – 780	753	Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial		PRO_0000000541
Sites
	Metal binding	385	1	Iron-sulfur (4Fe-4S) By similarity
	Metal binding	448	1	Iron-sulfur (4Fe-4S) By similarity
	Metal binding	451	1	Iron-sulfur (4Fe-4S) By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	28	1	Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid By similarity
	Modified residue	50	1	N6-acetyllysine By similarity
	Cross-link	144		Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin) By similarity
Natural variations
	Natural variant	697	1	T → N in a breast cancer sample; somatic mutation. Ref.10		VAR_036572
	Natural variant	768	1	A → S: dbSNP rs1804785.		VAR_033297
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	35	1	S → T in AAB38416. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	136	1	G → D in AAB38416. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	159	1	A → D in AAB38416. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	167	1	K → S in AAB38416. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	199	1	G → D in CAG38805. Ref.4
	Sequence conflict	207	1	G → R in AAH26196. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	242	1	S → T in AAB38416. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	270	1	P → H in AAH26196. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	275	1	I → M in AAB38416. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	444	1	L → P in CAG38805. Ref.4
	Sequence conflict	517	1	T → K in AAB38416. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	553	1	G → R in AAB38416. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q99798-1 [UniParc]. Last modified May 30, 2000. Version 2. Checksum: 58C9FFBDBDC63D5E	FASTA	780	85,425
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAPYSLLVTR LQKALGVRQY HVASVLCQRA KVAMSHFEPN EYIHYDLLEK NINIVRKRLN 70 80 90 100 110 120 RPLTLSEKIV YGHLDDPASQ EIERGKSYLR LRPDRVAMQD ATAQMAMLQF ISSGLSKVAV 130 140 150 160 170 180 PSTIHCDHLI EAQVGGEKDL RRAKDINQEV YNFLATAGAK YGVGFWKPGS GIIHQIILEN 190 200 210 220 230 240 YAYPGVLLIG TDSHTPNGGG LGGICIGVGG ADAVDVMAGI PWELKCPKVI GVKLTGSLSG 250 260 270 280 290 300 WSSPKDVILK VAGILTVKGG TGAIVEYHGP GVDSISCTGM ATICNMGAEI GATTSVFPYN 310 320 330 340 350 360 HRMKKYLSKT GREDIANLAD EFKDHLVPDP GCHYDQLIEI NLSELKPHIN GPFTPDLAHP 370 380 390 400 410 420 VAEVGKVAEK EGWPLDIRVG LIGSCTNSSY EDMGRSAAVA KQALAHGLKC KSQFTITPGS 430 440 450 460 470 480 EQIRATIERD GYAQILRDLG GIVLANACGP CIGQWDRKDI KKGEKNTIVT SYNRNFTGRN 490 500 510 520 530 540 DANPETHAFV TSPEIVTALA IAGTLKFNPE TDYLTGTDGK KFRLEAPDAD ELPKGEFDPG 550 560 570 580 590 600 QDTYQHPPKD SSGQHVDVSP TSQRLQLLEP FDKWDGKDLE DLQILIKVKG KCTTDHISAA 610 620 630 640 650 660 GPWLKFRGHL DNISNNLLIG AINIENGKAN SVRNAVTQEF GPVPDTARYY KKHGIRWVVI 670 680 690 700 710 720 GDENYGEGSS REHAALEPRH LGGRAIITKS FARIHETNLK KQGLLPLTFA DPADYNKIHP 730 740 750 760 770 780 VDKLTIQGLK DFTPGKPLKC IIKHPNGTQE TILLNHTFNE TQIEWFRAGS ALNRMKELQQ

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Cloning and structural characterization of human mitochondrial aconitase." Juang H.H., Chiou B. Submitted (DEC-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Skeletal muscle.
[2]	"Characterization of the human mitochondrial aconitase gene (ACO2)." Mirel D.B., Marder K., Graziano J., Freyer G., Zhao Q., Mayeux R., Wilhelmsen K.C. Gene 213:205-218(1998) [PubMed: 9630632] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome." Collins J.E., Wright C.L., Edwards C.A., Davis M.P., Grinham J.A., Cole C.G., Goward M.E., Aguado B., Mallya M., Mokrab Y., Huckle E.J., Beare D.M., Dunham I. Genome Biol. 5:RESEARCH84.1-RESEARCH84.11(2004) [PubMed: 15461802] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[4]	"Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)." Halleck A., Ebert L., Mkoundinya M., Schick M., Eisenstein S., Neubert P., Kstrang K., Schatten R., Shen B., Henze S., Mar W., Korn B., Zuo D., Hu Y., LaBaer J. Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[5]	"The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22." Dunham I., Hunt A.R., Collins J.E., Bruskiewich R., Beare D.M., Clamp M., Smink L.J., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C., Bailey J., Barlow K.F., Bates K.N., Beasley O.P., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E., Bridgeman A.M. , Buck D., Burgess J., Burrill W.D., Burton J., Carder C., Carter N.P., Chen Y., Clark G., Clegg S.M., Cobley V.E., Cole C.G., Collier R.E., Connor R., Conroy D., Corby N.R., Coville G.J., Cox A.V., Davis J., Dawson E., Dhami P.D., Dockree C., Dodsworth S.J., Durbin R.M., Ellington A.G., Evans K.L., Fey J.M., Fleming K., French L., Garner A.A., Gilbert J.G.R., Goward M.E., Grafham D.V., Griffiths M.N.D., Hall C., Hall R.E., Hall-Tamlyn G., Heathcott R.W., Ho S., Holmes S., Hunt S.E., Jones M.C., Kershaw J., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K., Langford C.F., Leversha M.A., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Martyn I.D., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L.H., Mccann O.T., Mcclay J., Mclaren S., McMurray A.A., Milne S.A., Mortimore B.J., Odell C.N., Pavitt R., Pearce A.V., Pearson D., Phillimore B.J.C.T., Phillips S.H., Plumb R.W., Ramsay H., Ramsey Y., Rogers L., Ross M.T., Scott C.E., Sehra H.K., Skuce C.D., Smalley S., Smith M.L., Soderlund C., Spragon L., Steward C.A., Sulston J.E., Swann R.M., Vaudin M., Wall M., Wallis J.M., Whiteley M.N., Willey D.L., Williams L., Williams S.A., Williamson H., Wilmer T.E., Wilming L., Wright C.L., Hubbard T., Bentley D.R., Beck S., Rogers J., Shimizu N., Minoshima S., Kawasaki K., Sasaki T., Asakawa S., Kudoh J., Shintani A., Shibuya K., Yoshizaki Y., Aoki N., Mitsuyama S., Roe B.A., Chen F., Chu L., Crabtree J., Deschamps S., Do A., Do T., Dorman A., Fang F., Fu Y., Hu P., Hua A., Kenton S., Lai H., Lao H.I., Lewis J., Lewis S., Lin S.-P., Loh P., Malaj E., Nguyen T., Pan H., Phan S., Qi S., Qian Y., Ray L., Ren Q., Shaull S., Sloan D., Song L., Wang Q., Wang Y., Wang Z., White J., Willingham D., Wu H., Yao Z., Zhan M., Zhang G., Chissoe S., Murray J., Miller N., Minx P., Fulton R., Johnson D., Bemis G., Bentley D., Bradshaw H., Bourne S., Cordes M., Du Z., Fulton L., Goela D., Graves T., Hawkins J., Hinds K., Kemp K., Latreille P., Layman D., Ozersky P., Rohlfing T., Scheet P., Walker C., Wamsley A., Wohldmann P., Pepin K., Nelson J., Korf I., Bedell J.A., Hillier L.W., Mardis E., Waterston R., Wilson R., Emanuel B.S., Shaikh T., Kurahashi H., Saitta S., Budarf M.L., McDermid H.E., Johnson A., Wong A.C.C., Morrow B.E., Edelmann L., Kim U.J., Shizuya H., Simon M.I., Dumanski J.P., Peyrard M., Kedra D., Seroussi E., Fransson I., Tapia I., Bruder C.E., O'Brien K.P., Wilkinson P., Bodenteich A., Hartman K., Hu X., Khan A.S., Lane L., Tilahun Y., Wright H. Nature 402:489-495(1999) [PubMed: 10591208] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain and Uterus.
[7]	Lubec G., Afjehi-Sadat L., Chen W.-Q., Sun Y. Submitted (DEC-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 69-84; 234-245; 313-323; 379-395; 412-424; 430-437; 507-520; 565-573; 608-628; 634-648 AND 657-671, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Brain, Cajal-Retzius cell and Fetal brain cortex.
[8]	"Purification and partial amino acid sequence of human aconitase." Baldwin G.S., Seet K.L., Callaghan J., Toncich G., Toh B.H., Moritz R.L., Rubira M.R., Simpson R. Protein Seq. Data Anal. 4:63-67(1991) [PubMed: 1946331] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 69-83; 96-107; 371-396 AND 524-534.
[9]	Colinge J., Superti-Furga G., Bennett K.L. Submitted (OCT-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[10]	"The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers." Sjoeblom T., Jones S., Wood L.D., Parsons D.W., Lin J., Barber T.D., Mandelker D., Leary R.J., Ptak J., Silliman N., Szabo S., Buckhaults P., Farrell C., Meeh P., Markowitz S.D., Willis J., Dawson D., Willson J.K.V. , Gazdar A.F., Hartigan J., Wu L., Liu C., Parmigiani G., Park B.H., Bachman K.E., Papadopoulos N., Vogelstein B., Kinzler K.W., Velculescu V.E. Science 314:268-274(2006) [PubMed: 16959974] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] ASN-697.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Wikipedia

Aconitase entry

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	U80040 mRNA. Translation: AAB38416.1. U87939 , U87926, U87927, U87928, U87929, U87930, U87931, U87932, U87933, U87934, U87935, U87936, U87937, U87938 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC39921.1. CR456365 mRNA. Translation: CAG30251.1. CR536568 mRNA. Translation: CAG38805.1. AL023553, AL008582 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI20278.1. AL008582, AL023553 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI17931.1. BC014092 mRNA. Translation: AAH14092.1. BC026196 mRNA. Translation: AAH26196.1.
IPI	IPI00017855.
PIR	S17526. T52543.
RefSeq	NP_001089.1.
UniGene	Hs.643610
3D structure databases
HSSP	HSSP built from PDB template 7ACN based on UniProtKB P16276.
SMR	Q99798. Positions 29-780.
ModBase	Search...
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q99798.
2-D gel databases
SWISS-2DPAGE	Q99798.
DOSAC-COBS-2DPAGE	Q99798.
REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE	IPI00017855. Q99798.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q99798.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSG00000100412. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID	50.
KEGG	hsa:50.
NMPDR	fig|9606.3.peg.21789.
UCSC	uc003bac.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
GeneCards	GC22P040189.
H-InvDB	HIX0016520. HIX0056983.
HGNC	HGNC:118. ACO2.
HPA	HPA001097.
MIM	100850. gene.
PharmGKB	PA24443.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	Q99798.
HOVERGEN	Q99798.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BRENDA	4.2.1.3. 247.
Reactome	REACT_1046. Pyruvate metabolism and TCA cycle. REACT_1505. Integration of energy metabolism. REACT_15380. Diabetes pathways.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q99798.
Bgee	Q99798.
CleanEx	HS_ACO2.
GermOnline	ENSG00000100412. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR015931. Acnase/IPM_dHydase_lsu_aba_1/3. IPR001030. Acoase/IPM_deHydtase_lsu_aba. IPR015937. Aconitase-like_core. IPR015928. Aconitase/3IPM_dehydase_swvl. IPR015932. Aconitase/IPMdHydase_lsu_aba_2. IPR018136. Aconitase_4Fe-4S_BS. IPR006248. Aconitase_mito-like. IPR000573. AconitaseA/IPMdHydase_ssu_swvl. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:3.30.499.10. Acnase/IPM_dHydase_lsu_aba_1/3. 2 hits. G3DSA:3.20.19.10. Aconitase/3IPM_dehydase_swvl. 1 hit. G3DSA:3.40.1060.10. Aconitase/IPMdHydase_lsu_aba_2. 1 hit.
PANTHER	PTHR11670. Aconitase-like_core. 1 hit. PTHR11670:SF5. Aconitase_mito. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00330. Aconitase. 1 hit. PF00694. Aconitase_C. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00415. ACONITASE.
ProDom	PD000511. Aconitase_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
TIGRFAMs	TIGR01340. aconitase_mito. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS00450. ACONITASE_1. 1 hit. PS01244. ACONITASE_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	195.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

ACON_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q99798
Secondary accession number(s): O75809 , Q5JZ41, Q6FHX0, Q8TAQ6

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 1, 1997
Last sequence update:	May 30, 2000
Last modified:	July 7, 2009
This is version 100 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)