ID   LIPA_SACS2              Reviewed;         285 AA.
AC   Q97U63;
DT   26-JUL-2002, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-OCT-2001, sequence version 1.
DT   27-MAR-2024, entry version 132.
DE   RecName: Full=Lipoyl synthase {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206, ECO:0000303|PubMed:16500612};
DE            EC=2.8.1.8 {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16500612};
DE   AltName: Full=Lip-syn {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206};
DE            Short=LS {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206};
DE   AltName: Full=Lipoate synthase {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206};
DE   AltName: Full=Lipoic acid synthase {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206};
DE   AltName: Full=Sulfur insertion protein LipA {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206};
GN   Name=lipA {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206,
GN   ECO:0000303|PubMed:16500612}; OrderedLocusNames=SSO3158;
OS   Saccharolobus solfataricus (strain ATCC 35092 / DSM 1617 / JCM 11322 / P2)
OS   (Sulfolobus solfataricus).
OC   Archaea; Thermoproteota; Thermoprotei; Sulfolobales; Sulfolobaceae;
OC   Saccharolobus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=273057;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=ATCC 35092 / DSM 1617 / JCM 11322 / P2;
RX   PubMed=11427726; DOI=10.1073/pnas.141222098;
RA   She Q., Singh R.K., Confalonieri F., Zivanovic Y., Allard G., Awayez M.J.,
RA   Chan-Weiher C.C.-Y., Clausen I.G., Curtis B.A., De Moors A., Erauso G.,
RA   Fletcher C., Gordon P.M.K., Heikamp-de Jong I., Jeffries A.C., Kozera C.J.,
RA   Medina N., Peng X., Thi-Ngoc H.P., Redder P., Schenk M.E., Theriault C.,
RA   Tolstrup N., Charlebois R.L., Doolittle W.F., Duguet M., Gaasterland T.,
RA   Garrett R.A., Ragan M.A., Sensen C.W., Van der Oost J.;
RT   "The complete genome of the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:7835-7840(2001).
RN   [2]
RP   FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, COFACTOR, AND BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
RX   PubMed=16500612; DOI=10.1016/j.ab.2006.01.023;
RA   Bryant P., Kriek M., Wood R.J., Roach P.L.;
RT   "The activity of a thermostable lipoyl synthase from Sulfolobus
RT   solfataricus with a synthetic octanoyl substrate.";
RL   Anal. Biochem. 351:44-49(2006).
RN   [3]
RP   MUTAGENESIS OF SER-267.
RX   PubMed=25100160; DOI=10.1042/bj20140895;
RA   Harmer J.E., Hiscox M.J., Dinis P.C., Fox S.J., Iliopoulos A., Hussey J.E.,
RA   Sandy J., Van Beek F.T., Essex J.W., Roach P.L.;
RT   "Structures of lipoyl synthase reveal a compact active site for controlling
RT   sequential sulfur insertion reactions.";
RL   Biochem. J. 464:123-133(2014).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms
CC       into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the
CC       lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the
CC       octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC       Rule:MF_00206, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16500612}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=[[Fe-S] cluster scaffold protein carrying a second [4Fe-
CC         4S](2+) cluster] + 4 H(+) + N(6)-octanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + 2
CC         oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 5'-
CC         deoxyadenosine + [[Fe-S] cluster scaffold protein] + 4 Fe(3+) + 2
CC         hydrogen sulfide + 2 L-methionine + N(6)-[(R)-dihydrolipoyl]-L-lysyl-
CC         [protein] + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:16585,
CC         Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9928, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10000, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10001,
CC         Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10475, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:14568, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:14569,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:17319, ChEBI:CHEBI:29034,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:29919, ChEBI:CHEBI:33722, ChEBI:CHEBI:33737,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:33738, ChEBI:CHEBI:57844, ChEBI:CHEBI:59789,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:78809, ChEBI:CHEBI:83100; EC=2.8.1.8;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206,
CC         ECO:0000269|PubMed:16500612};
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=[4Fe-4S] cluster; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:49883;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206,
CC         ECO:0000269|PubMed:16500612};
CC       Note=Binds 2 [4Fe-4S] clusters per subunit. One cluster is coordinated
CC       with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
CC       {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206};
CC   -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
CC       Temperature dependence:
CC         Optimum temperature is 60 degrees Celsius.
CC         {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16500612};
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Protein modification; protein lipoylation via endogenous
CC       pathway; protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine from octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-
CC       protein]: step 2/2. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase
CC       family. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206}.
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DR   EMBL; AE006641; AAK43259.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   PIR; D90500; D90500.
DR   RefSeq; WP_009989967.1; NC_002754.1.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q97U63; -.
DR   SMR; Q97U63; -.
DR   STRING; 273057.SSO3158; -.
DR   PaxDb; 273057-SSO3158; -.
DR   EnsemblBacteria; AAK43259; AAK43259; SSO3158.
DR   GeneID; 72911719; -.
DR   KEGG; sso:SSO3158; -.
DR   PATRIC; fig|273057.12.peg.3264; -.
DR   eggNOG; arCOG00660; Archaea.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_033144_2_3_2; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q97U63; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q97U63; -.
DR   UniPathway; UPA00538; UER00593.
DR   Proteomes; UP000001974; Chromosome.
DR   GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0051539; F:4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR   GO; GO:0016992; F:lipoate synthase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR   GO; GO:0046872; F:metal ion binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   CDD; cd01335; Radical_SAM; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.20.20.70; Aldolase class I; 1.
DR   HAMAP; MF_00206; Lipoyl_synth; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR013785; Aldolase_TIM.
DR   InterPro; IPR006638; Elp3/MiaA/NifB-like_rSAM.
DR   InterPro; IPR003698; Lipoyl_synth.
DR   InterPro; IPR007197; rSAM.
DR   NCBIfam; TIGR00510; lipA; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR10949; LIPOYL SYNTHASE; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR10949:SF0; LIPOYL SYNTHASE, MITOCHONDRIAL; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF04055; Radical_SAM; 1.
DR   PIRSF; PIRSF005963; Lipoyl_synth; 1.
DR   SFLD; SFLDF00271; lipoyl_synthase; 1.
DR   SFLD; SFLDS00029; Radical_SAM; 1.
DR   SMART; SM00729; Elp3; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF102114; Radical SAM enzymes; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51918; RADICAL_SAM; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   4Fe-4S; Cytoplasm; Iron; Iron-sulfur; Metal-binding; Reference proteome;
KW   S-adenosyl-L-methionine; Transferase.
FT   CHAIN           1..285
FT                   /note="Lipoyl synthase"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000102394"
FT   DOMAIN          43..256
FT                   /note="Radical SAM core"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01266"
FT   BINDING         31
FT                   /ligand="[4Fe-4S] cluster"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:49883"
FT                   /ligand_label="1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206"
FT   BINDING         36
FT                   /ligand="[4Fe-4S] cluster"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:49883"
FT                   /ligand_label="1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206"
FT   BINDING         42
FT                   /ligand="[4Fe-4S] cluster"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:49883"
FT                   /ligand_label="1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206"
FT   BINDING         57
FT                   /ligand="[4Fe-4S] cluster"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:49883"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT                   /ligand_note="4Fe-4S-S-AdoMet"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206"
FT   BINDING         61
FT                   /ligand="[4Fe-4S] cluster"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:49883"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT                   /ligand_note="4Fe-4S-S-AdoMet"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206"
FT   BINDING         64
FT                   /ligand="[4Fe-4S] cluster"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:49883"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT                   /ligand_note="4Fe-4S-S-AdoMet"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206"
FT   BINDING         267
FT                   /ligand="[4Fe-4S] cluster"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:49883"
FT                   /ligand_label="1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00206"
FT   MUTAGEN         267
FT                   /note="S->A,C: Loss of activity. Does not produce lipoyl
FT                   product."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:25100160"
SQ   SEQUENCE   285 AA;  32111 MW;  B48A93B5C7FE13EC CRC64;
     MEKKVQIAVY ENENFKRVAE IVKKKSIATV CEEALCPNIM ECWGSGTATF MIMGSICTRG
     CRFCYVLKGK PSPLDDEEPK RVAEAVKEME LDYVVITSVD RDDLSDGGAQ HFANVVKTVK
     ELNPGIIVEV LTPDFRGNID AVKKVIDAGV DVFAHNVETV RRLTPIVRDP RASYEQSLNV
     LKYAENVIKK SSILLGLGET WDEIVETMRD LRSVGVSILV LSQYMRPSRK QLEVKKRYTL
     EEFKELEEIA YSMGFSAVIS LPLARTSYKA KEAYFRAIEN AKNHS
//