Q96PF2 (TSSK2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 2
Short name=TSK-2
Short name=TSK2
Short name=TSSK-2
Short name=Testis-specific kinase 2
EC=2.7.11.1

Alternative name(s):
DiGeorge syndrome protein G
Short name=DGS-G
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 22B

Gene names

Name:	TSSK2
Synonyms:	DGSG, SPOGA2, STK22B

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	358 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase required during spermatid development. Phosphorylates TSKS at 'Ser-288' and SPAG16. Involved in the late stages of spermatogenesis, during the reconstruction of the cytoplasm. During spermatogenesis, required for the transformation of a ring-shaped structure around the base of the flagellum originating from the chromatoid body. Ref.2 Ref.8 Ref.9
Catalytic activity	ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. Ref.9
Cofactor	Magnesium. Ref.9
Enzyme regulation	Activated by phosphorylation on Thr-174, potentially by autophosphorylation By similarity.
Subunit structure	Interacts with TSSK1B. Ref.2 Ref.8
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm By similarity. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton › centrosome › centriole. Note: Present in the cytoplasm of elongating spermatids. In spermatozoa, localizes in the equatorial segment, neck, the midpiece and in a specific sperm head compartment By similarity. In spermatids, concentrates in centrioles during flagellogenesis. Ref.7
Tissue specificity	Testis-specific. Present in mature spermatozoa (at protein level). Ref.2 Ref.8 Ref.9
Post-translational modification	Autophosphorylated. Ref.2 Ref.9
Miscellaneous	TSSK1B might be used as a target for male contraception or and intra-vaginal spermicides (Ref.6).
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Contains 1 protein kinase domain.
Biophysicochemical properties	Kinetic parameters: KM=10 µM for ATP Ref.9

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Differentiation Spermatogenesis
Cellular component	Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Ligand	ATP-binding Magnesium Metal-binding Nucleotide-binding
Molecular function	Developmental protein Kinase Serine/threonine-protein kinase Transferase
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	multicellular organismal development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW protein autophosphorylation Inferred from direct assay Ref.9. Source: UniProtKB spermatid development Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular_component	acrosomal vesicle Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara centriole Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell cytoplasm Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular_function	ATP binding Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB magnesium ion binding Inferred from direct assay Ref.9. Source: UniProtKB protein serine/threonine kinase activity Inferred from direct assay Ref.8Ref.9. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
itself		2	EBI-852089,EBI-852089
TSKS	Q9UJT2	3	EBI-852089,EBI-852101
TSKS	Q9UJT2-2	2	EBI-852089,EBI-852113

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 358	358	Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 2		PRO_0000086768
Regions
	Domain	12 – 272	261	Protein kinase
	Nucleotide binding	18 – 26	9	ATP By similarity
Sites
	Active site	136	1	Proton acceptor By similarity
	Binding site	41	1	ATP By similarity
Natural variations
	Natural variant	27	1	K → R May be associated with infertility. Ref.10 Ref.11 Corresponds to variant rs3747052 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_041241
	Natural variant	61	1	M → V. Ref.10		VAR_041242
	Natural variant	197	1	Y → C. Ref.10		VAR_041243
	Natural variant	244	1	E → K. Corresponds to variant rs35048893 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_051677
	Natural variant	245	1	C → S. Corresponds to variant rs8140743 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_059770
	Natural variant	280	1	T → M. Ref.10 Corresponds to variant rs1052763 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_041244
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	279	1	A → P in AAK98531. Ref.2
	Sequence conflict	304	1	G → D in AAH37781. Ref.4

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q96PF2 [UniParc]. Last modified April 30, 2003. Version 2. Checksum: F231433AA78B2FE9	FASTA	358	40,939
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MDDATVLRKK GYIVGINLGK GSYAKVKSAY SERLKFNVAV KIIDRKKTPT DFVERFLPRE 70 80 90 100 110 120 MDILATVNHG SIIKTYEIFE TSDGRIYIIM ELGVQGDLLE FIKCQGALHE DVARKMFRQL 130 140 150 160 170 180 SSAVKYCHDL DIVHRDLKCE NLLLDKDFNI KLSDFGFSKR CLRDSNGRII LSKTFCGSAA 190 200 210 220 230 240 YAAPEVLQSI PYQPKVYDIW SLGVILYIMV CGSMPYDDSD IRKMLRIQKE HRVDFPRSKN 250 260 270 280 290 300 LTCECKDLIY RMLQPDVSQR LHIDEILSHS WLQPPKPKAT SSASFKREGE GKYRAECKLD 310 320 330 340 350 TKTGLRPDHR PDHKLGAKTQ HRLLVVPENE NRMEDRLAET SRAKDHHISG AEVGKAST

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"A transcription map of the DiGeorge and velo-cardio-facial syndrome minimal critical region on 22q11." Gong W., Emanuel B.S., Collins J., Kim D.H., Wang Z., Chen F., Zhang G., Roe B., Budarf M.L. Hum. Mol. Genet. 5:789-800(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[2]	"Expression analysis of the human testis-specific serine/threonine kinase (TSSK) homologues. A TSSK member is present in the equatorial segment of human sperm." Hao Z., Jha K.N., Kim Y.H., Vemuganti S., Westbrook V.A., Chertihin O., Markgraf K., Flickinger C.J., Coppola M., Herr J.C., Visconti P.E. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 10:433-444(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INTERACTION WITH TSSK1B.
[3]	"A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome." Collins J.E., Wright C.L., Edwards C.A., Davis M.P., Grinham J.A., Cole C.G., Goward M.E., Aguado B., Mallya M., Mokrab Y., Huckle E.J., Beare D.M., Dunham I. Genome Biol. 5:R84.1-R84.11(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[4]	"The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22." Dunham I., Hunt A.R., Collins J.E., Bruskiewich R., Beare D.M., Clamp M., Smink L.J., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C., Bailey J., Barlow K.F., Bates K.N., Beasley O.P., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E., Bridgeman A.M. , Buck D., Burgess J., Burrill W.D., Burton J., Carder C., Carter N.P., Chen Y., Clark G., Clegg S.M., Cobley V.E., Cole C.G., Collier R.E., Connor R., Conroy D., Corby N.R., Coville G.J., Cox A.V., Davis J., Dawson E., Dhami P.D., Dockree C., Dodsworth S.J., Durbin R.M., Ellington A.G., Evans K.L., Fey J.M., Fleming K., French L., Garner A.A., Gilbert J.G.R., Goward M.E., Grafham D.V., Griffiths M.N.D., Hall C., Hall R.E., Hall-Tamlyn G., Heathcott R.W., Ho S., Holmes S., Hunt S.E., Jones M.C., Kershaw J., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K., Langford C.F., Leversha M.A., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Martyn I.D., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L.H., Mccann O.T., Mcclay J., Mclaren S., McMurray A.A., Milne S.A., Mortimore B.J., Odell C.N., Pavitt R., Pearce A.V., Pearson D., Phillimore B.J.C.T., Phillips S.H., Plumb R.W., Ramsay H., Ramsey Y., Rogers L., Ross M.T., Scott C.E., Sehra H.K., Skuce C.D., Smalley S., Smith M.L., Soderlund C., Spragon L., Steward C.A., Sulston J.E., Swann R.M., Vaudin M., Wall M., Wallis J.M., Whiteley M.N., Willey D.L., Williams L., Williams S.A., Williamson H., Wilmer T.E., Wilming L., Wright C.L., Hubbard T., Bentley D.R., Beck S., Rogers J., Shimizu N., Minoshima S., Kawasaki K., Sasaki T., Asakawa S., Kudoh J., Shintani A., Shibuya K., Yoshizaki Y., Aoki N., Mitsuyama S., Roe B.A., Chen F., Chu L., Crabtree J., Deschamps S., Do A., Do T., Dorman A., Fang F., Fu Y., Hu P., Hua A., Kenton S., Lai H., Lao H.I., Lewis J., Lewis S., Lin S.-P., Loh P., Malaj E., Nguyen T., Pan H., Phan S., Qi S., Qian Y., Ray L., Ren Q., Shaull S., Sloan D., Song L., Wang Q., Wang Y., Wang Z., White J., Willingham D., Wu H., Yao Z., Zhan M., Zhang G., Chissoe S., Murray J., Miller N., Minx P., Fulton R., Johnson D., Bemis G., Bentley D., Bradshaw H., Bourne S., Cordes M., Du Z., Fulton L., Goela D., Graves T., Hawkins J., Hinds K., Kemp K., Latreille P., Layman D., Ozersky P., Rohlfing T., Scheet P., Walker C., Wamsley A., Wohldmann P., Pepin K., Nelson J., Korf I., Bedell J.A., Hillier L.W., Mardis E., Waterston R., Wilson R., Emanuel B.S., Shaikh T., Kurahashi H., Saitta S., Budarf M.L., McDermid H.E., Johnson A., Wong A.C.C., Morrow B.E., Edelmann L., Kim U.J., Shizuya H., Simon M.I., Dumanski J.P., Peyrard M., Kedra D., Seroussi E., Fransson I., Tapia I., Bruder C.E., O'Brien K.P., Wilkinson P., Bodenteich A., Hartman K., Hu X., Khan A.S., Lane L., Tilahun Y., Wright H. Nature 402:489-495(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Testis.
[6]	"Validation of a testis specific serine/threonine kinase [TSSK] family and the substrate of TSSK1 & 2, TSKS, as contraceptive targets." Xu B., Hao Z., Jha K.N., Digilio L., Urekar C., Kim Y.H., Pulido S., Flickinger C.J., Herr J.C. Soc. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 63:87-101(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PUTATIVE CONTRACEPTIVE TARGET.
[7]	"TSKS concentrates in spermatid centrioles during flagellogenesis." Xu B., Hao Z., Jha K.N., Zhang Z., Urekar C., Digilio L., Pulido S., Strauss J.F. III, Flickinger C.J., Herr J.C. Dev. Biol. 319:201-210(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[8]	"Targeted deletion of Tssk1 and 2 causes male infertility due to haploinsufficiency." Xu B., Hao Z., Jha K.N., Zhang Z., Urekar C., Digilio L., Pulido S., Strauss J.F. III, Flickinger C.J., Herr J.C. Dev. Biol. 319:211-222(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INTERACTION WITH TSKS.
[9]	"Expression and localization of five members of the testis-specific serine kinase (Tssk) family in mouse and human sperm and testis." Li Y., Sosnik J., Brassard L., Reese M., Spiridonov N.A., Bates T.C., Johnson G.R., Anguita J., Visconti P.E., Salicioni A.M. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 17:42-56(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, COFACTOR, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[10]	"Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes." Greenman C., Stephens P., Smith R., Dalgliesh G.L., Hunter C., Bignell G., Davies H., Teague J., Butler A., Stevens C., Edkins S., O'Meara S., Vastrik I., Schmidt E.E., Avis T., Barthorpe S., Bhamra G., Buck G. , Choudhury B., Clements J., Cole J., Dicks E., Forbes S., Gray K., Halliday K., Harrison R., Hills K., Hinton J., Jenkinson A., Jones D., Menzies A., Mironenko T., Perry J., Raine K., Richardson D., Shepherd R., Small A., Tofts C., Varian J., Webb T., West S., Widaa S., Yates A., Cahill D.P., Louis D.N., Goldstraw P., Nicholson A.G., Brasseur F., Looijenga L., Weber B.L., Chiew Y.-E., DeFazio A., Greaves M.F., Green A.R., Campbell P., Birney E., Easton D.F., Chenevix-Trench G., Tan M.-H., Khoo S.K., Teh B.T., Yuen S.T., Leung S.Y., Wooster R., Futreal P.A., Stratton M.R. Nature 446:153-158(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] ARG-27; VAL-61; CYS-197 AND MET-280.
[11]	"Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the TSSK2 gene may be associated with human spermatogenesis impairment." Zhang H., Su D., Yang Y., Zhang W., Liu Y., Bai G., Ma M., Ma Y., Zhang S. J. Androl. 31:388-392(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT ARG-27.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	L77564 mRNA. No translation available. AF362953 mRNA. Translation: AAK98531.1. CR456587 mRNA. Translation: CAG30473.1. AC004471 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC037781 mRNA. Translation: AAH37781.1.
IPI	IPI00289715.
RefSeq	NP_443732.3. NM_053006.4.
UniGene	Hs.694070.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q96PF2.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q96PF2. 3 interactions.
STRING	9606.ENSP00000382544.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q96PF2.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	30316269.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	Q96PF2.
PRIDE	Q96PF2.
Protocols and materials databases
DNASU	23617.
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000399635; ENSP00000382544; ENSG00000206203.
GeneID	23617.
KEGG	hsa:23617.
UCSC	uc002zow.2. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	23617.
GeneCards	GC22P019118.
HGNC	HGNC:11401. TSSK2.
MIM	610710. gene.
neXtProt	NX_Q96PF2.
PharmGKB	PA36208.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG0515.
HOGENOM	HOG000233016.
HOVERGEN	HBG101110.
InParanoid	Q96PF2.
KO	K08811.
OMA	SLAVKYC.
OrthoDB	EOG42BX8Q.
PhylomeDB	Q96PF2.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q96PF2.
Bgee	Q96PF2.
CleanEx	HS_TSSK2.
Genevestigator	Q96PF2.
GermOnline	ENSG00000182490. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_cat_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR002290. Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom. IPR008271. Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00069. Pkinase. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00220. S_TKc. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF56112. Kinase_like. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
BindingDB	Q96PF2.
ChEMBL	CHEMBL6014.
GenomeRNAi	23617.
NextBio	46342.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

TSSK2_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q96PF2
Secondary accession number(s): Q8IY55

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 30, 2003
Last sequence update:	April 30, 2003
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 122 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.