Q96M98 (PACRG_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Parkin coregulated gene protein

Alternative name(s):
Molecular chaperone/chaperonin-binding protein
PARK2 coregulated gene protein

Gene names

Name:	PACRG
Synonyms:	GLUP

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	296 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Suppresses cell death induced by accumulation of unfolded Pael receptor (Pael-R, a substrate of Parkin). Facilitates the formation of inclusions consisting of Pael-R, molecular chaperones, protein degradation molecules and itself when proteasome is inhibited. May play an important role in the formation of Lewy bodies and protection of dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson disease. Ref.6
Subunit structure	Forms a large molecular chaperone complex containing heat shock proteins 70 and 90 and chaperonin components. Interacts with STIP1, PARK2, GPR37, HSPA8, TCP1/CCT1, CCT2, CCT3, CCT4, CCT5, CCT6A, CCT7, CCT8. Interacts with MEIG1 By similarity. Ref.6
Tissue specificity	Expressed in all immune tissues, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, tonsils, leukocyte and bone marrow. Expressed also in heart, brain, skeletal muscle, kidney, lung and pancreas. Expressed in primary Schwann cells and very weakly by monocyte-derived macrophages the primary host cells of Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy. Component of Lewy bodies, intraneuronal inclusions found in the brain of Parkinson disease patients.
Polymorphism	Involved in susceptibility to leprosy (LPRS2) [MIM:607572]. LPRS2 is associated with polymorphisms in the 5'-regulatory region shared by the PARK2 gene.
Miscellaneous	Linked to PARK2 in a head-to-head arrangement on opposite DNA strands and share a common 5'-flanking promoter region.

Ontologies

Keywords
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	spermatid development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Cellular_component	cell body Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara mitochondrion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara sperm midpiece Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: Q96M98-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Isoform 2 (identifier: Q96M98-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     205-243: Missing.

Note: May be due to exon skipping.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 296	296	Parkin coregulated gene protein		PRO_0000058169
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	205 – 243	39	Missing in isoform 2.		VSP_010033
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	93	1	K → R in BAB71410. Ref.2
	Sequence conflict	185	1	A → T in AAH30642. Ref.5

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified October 11, 2005. Version 2. Checksum: 4A415741D430C7FB	FASTA	296	33,342
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MVAEKETLSL NKCPDKMPKR TKLLAQQPLP VHQPHSLVSE GFTVKAMMKN SVVRGPPAAG 70 80 90 100 110 120 AFKERPTKPT AFRKFYERGD FPIALEHDSK GNKIAWKVEI EKLDYHHYLP LFFDGLCEMT 130 140 150 160 170 180 FPYEFFARQG IHDMLEHGGN KILPVLPQLI IPIKNALNLR NRQVICVTLK VLQHLVVSAE 190 200 210 220 230 240 MVGKALVPYY RQILPVLNIF KNMNGSYSLP RLECSGAIMA RCNLDHLGSS DPPTSASQVA 250 260 270 280 290 EIIVNSGDGI DYSQQKRENI GDLIQETLEA FERYGGENAF INIKYVVPTY ESCLLN
	Isoform 2 [UniParc]. Checksum: 76E319E0C76A98D0	FASTA	257	29,312
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MVAEKETLSL NKCPDKMPKR TKLLAQQPLP VHQPHSLVSE GFTVKAMMKN SVVRGPPAAG 70 80 90 100 110 120 AFKERPTKPT AFRKFYERGD FPIALEHDSK GNKIAWKVEI EKLDYHHYLP LFFDGLCEMT 130 140 150 160 170 180 FPYEFFARQG IHDMLEHGGN KILPVLPQLI IPIKNALNLR NRQVICVTLK VLQHLVVSAE 190 200 210 220 230 240 MVGKALVPYY RQILPVLNIF KNMNVNSGDG IDYSQQKREN IGDLIQETLE AFERYGGENA 250 FINIKYVVPT YESCLLN

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Identification of a novel gene linked to parkin via a bi-directional promoter." West A.B., Lockhart P.J., O'Farell C., Farrer M.J. J. Mol. Biol. 326:11-19(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
[2]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Testis.
[3]	"The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6." Mungall A.J., Palmer S.A., Sims S.K., Edwards C.A., Ashurst J.L., Wilming L., Jones M.C., Horton R., Hunt S.E., Scott C.E., Gilbert J.G.R., Clamp M.E., Bethel G., Milne S., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Andrews T.D. , Ashwell R.I.S., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Banerjee R., Barker D.J., Barlow K.F., Bates K., Beare D.M., Beasley H., Beasley O., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E., Bray-Allen S., Brook J., Brown A.J., Brown J.Y., Burford D.C., Burrill W., Burton J., Carder C., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clark G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Cobley V., Collier R.E., Collins J.E., Colman L.K., Corby N.R., Coville G.J., Culley K.M., Dhami P., Davies J., Dunn M., Earthrowl M.E., Ellington A.E., Evans K.A., Faulkner L., Francis M.D., Frankish A., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Ghori M.J., Gilby L.M., Gillson C.J., Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Grant M., Gribble S., Griffiths C., Griffiths M.N.D., Hall R., Halls K.S., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E.A., Heath P.D., Heathcott R., Holmes S.J., Howden P.J., Howe K.L., Howell G.R., Huckle E., Humphray S.J., Humphries M.D., Hunt A.R., Johnson C.M., Joy A.A., Kay M., Keenan S.J., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K., Langford C., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Leversha M., Lloyd C.R., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J.E., Lovell J., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Maslen G.L., Matthews L., McCann O.T., McLaren S.J., McLay K., McMurray A., Moore M.J.F., Mullikin J.C., Niblett D., Nickerson T., Novik K.L., Oliver K., Overton-Larty E.K., Parker A., Patel R., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Phillimore B.J.C.T., Phillips S., Plumb R.W., Porter K.M., Ramsey Y., Ranby S.A., Rice C.M., Ross M.T., Searle S.M., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., Skuce C.D., Smith S., Smith M., Spraggon L., Squares S.L., Steward C.A., Sycamore N., Tamlyn-Hall G., Tester J., Theaker A.J., Thomas D.W., Thorpe A., Tracey A., Tromans A., Tubby B., Wall M., Wallis J.M., West A.P., White S.S., Whitehead S.L., Whittaker H., Wild A., Willey D.J., Wilmer T.E., Wood J.M., Wray P.W., Wyatt J.C., Young L., Younger R.M., Bentley D.R., Coulson A., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Sulston J.E., Dunham I., Rogers J., Beck S. Nature 425:805-811(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Testis.
[6]	"A product of the human gene adjacent to parkin is a component of Lewy bodies and suppresses Pael receptor-induced cell death." Imai Y., Soda M., Murakami T., Shoji M., Abe K., Takahashi R. J. Biol. Chem. 278:51901-51910(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION, FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH STIP1; PARK2; GPR37; HSPA8; TCP1; CCT2; CCT3; CCT4; CCT5; CCT6A; CCT7 AND CCT8.
[7]	"Susceptibility to leprosy is associated with PARK2 and PACRG." Mira M.T., Alcais A., Nguyen V.T., Moraes M.O., Di Flumeri C., Vu H.T., Mai C.P., Nguyen T.H., Nguyen N.B., Pham X.K., Sarno E.N., Alter A., Montpetit A., Moraes M.E., Moraes J.R., Dore C., Gallant C.J., Lepage P. , Verner A., Van De Vosse E., Hudson T.J., Abel L., Schurr E. Nature 427:636-640(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO LEPROSY.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF546872 mRNA. Translation: AAN37911.1. AK057286 mRNA. Translation: BAB71410.1. AL354942 , AL031121, AL137182, AP001576 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI16054.1. AL137182 , AL031121, AL354942, AP001576 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI19951.1. AL031121 , AL137182, AL354942, AP001576 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI21557.1. AL078585 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AL590286 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AL603788 Genomic DNA. No translation available. CH471051 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW47565.1. CH471051 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW47566.1. BC030642 mRNA. Translation: AAH30642.1. BC044227 mRNA. Translation: AAH44227.1. BK001670 mRNA. Translation: DAA02134.1.
IPI	IPI00065440. IPI00410380.
RefSeq	NP_001073847.1. NM_001080378.1. NP_001073848.1. NM_001080379.1. NP_689623.2. NM_152410.2.
UniGene	Hs.25791.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q96M98.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	9606.ENSP00000337946.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q96M98.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	77416872.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	Q96M98.
PRIDE	Q96M98.
Protocols and materials databases
DNASU	135138.
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000337019; ENSP00000337946; ENSG00000112530. ENST00000366888; ENSP00000355854; ENSG00000112530. ENST00000366889; ENSP00000355855; ENSG00000112530.
GeneID	135138.
KEGG	hsa:135138.
UCSC	uc003qua.3. human. uc003qub.3. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	135138.
GeneCards	GC06P163118.
HGNC	HGNC:19152. PACRG.
MIM	607572. phenotype. 608427. gene.
neXtProt	NX_Q96M98.
Orphanet	2828. Young adult-onset Parkinsonism.
PharmGKB	PA134909011.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG254401.
HOGENOM	HOG000230829.
HOVERGEN	HBG053487.
InParanoid	Q96M98.
OMA	AFERHGG.
OrthoDB	EOG4NCMD9.
PhylomeDB	Q96M98.
Gene expression databases
Bgee	Q96M98.
CleanEx	HS_PACRG.
Genevestigator	Q96M98.
GermOnline	ENSG00000112530. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR019399. Parkin_co-regulated_protein. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF10274. ParcG. 2 hits. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
ChiTaRS	PACRG. human.
GenomeRNAi	135138.
NextBio	83453.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

PACRG_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q96M98
Secondary accession number(s): E1P5B5 , Q6IMB8, Q8IZM1, Q8NHP5, Q9H1V9

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 13, 2004
Last sequence update:	October 11, 2005
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 91 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.