Q96KS0 (EGLN2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 106.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Egl nine homolog 2 EC=1.14.11.29 Alternative name(s): Estrogen-induced tag 6 HPH-3 Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 1 Short name=HIF-PH1 Short name=HIF-prolyl hydroxylase 1 Short name=HPH-1 Prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 1 Short name=PHD1 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 407 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific proline found in each of the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains (N-terminal, NODD, and C-terminal, CODD) of HIF1A. Also hydroxylates HIF2A. Has a preference for the CODD site for both HIF1A and HIF2A. Hydroxylated HIFs are then targeted for proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex. Under hypoxic conditions, the hydroxylation reaction is attenuated allowing HIFs to escape degradation resulting in their translocation to the nucleus, heterodimerization with HIF1B, and increased expression of hypoxy-inducible genes. EGLN2 is involved in regulating hypoxia tolerance and apoptosis in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Also regulates susceptibility to normoxic oxidative neuronal death. Ref.9 Ref.14 Ref.16 |
| Catalytic activity | Hypoxia-inducible factor-L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = hypoxia-inducible factor-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2. |
| Cofactor | Binds 1 Fe2+ ion per subunit. Ascorbate. |
| Subunit structure | Interacts (preferably isoform p40) with SIAH2; the interaction targets both SIAH2 isoforms for proteasomal degradation in vitro. Interacts with LIMD1, WTIP and AJUBA. Ref.14 Ref.18 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in adult and fetal heart, brain, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, and kidney. Also expressed in testis and placenta. Highest levels in adult brain, placenta, lung, kidney, and testis. Expressed in hormone responsive tissues, including normal and cancerous mammary, ovarian and prostate epithelium. Ref.10 |
| Induction | By estrogen. Isoform p43 is induced by hypoxia leading to protein stability. Isoform p40 repressed by hypoxia. Both isoforms are induced by proteasomal inhibitor MG132 (at protein level). Ref.2 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 |
| Domain | The Beta2beta3 'finger-like' loop domain is important for substrate (HIFs' CODD/NODD) selectivity By similarity. |
| Sequence similarities | Contains 1 Fe2OG dioxygenase domain. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence AAH01723.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative initiation. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform p43 (identifier: Q96KS0-1) Also known as: PHD1p43; This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform p40 (identifier: Q96KS0-2) Also known as: PHD1p40; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-33: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 407 | 407 | Egl nine homolog 2 | PRO_0000206664 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 278 – 376 | 99 | Fe2OG dioxygenase | ||||||
| Region | 89 – 134 | 46 | Bipartite nuclear localization signal | ||||||
| Region | 225 – 235 | 11 | Beta(2)beta(3) 'finger-like' loop | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Metal binding | 297 | 1 | Iron By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 299 | 1 | Iron By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 358 | 1 | Iron By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 367 | 1 | 2-oxoglutarate By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 33 | 33 | Missing in isoform p40. | VSP_038836 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 1 | 1 | M → A: Leads to expression of isoform p40 only. Ref.14 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 34 | 1 | M → A: Leads to expression of isoform p43 only. Ref.14 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 102 | 1 | K → A: Retained in the nucleus. Ref.16 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 106 | 1 | R → A: Retained in the nucleus. Ref.16 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 113 | 1 | R → A: Retained in the nucleus. Ref.16 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 119 | 1 | R → A: Cytoplasmic and nuclear localization. Reduced transcriptional activity of HIF1A as for wild type. Ref.16 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 134 | 1 | R → A: Retained in the nucleus. Ref.16 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 297 | 1 | H → A: Eliminates hydroxylase activity. Ref.11 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 299 | 1 | D → A: Eliminates hydroxylase activity. Ref.11 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 358 | 1 | H → A: Eliminates hydroxylase activity. Ref.9 Ref.11 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 367 | 1 | R → A: Eliminates hydroxylase activity. Ref.11 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 367 | 1 | R → K: Eliminates hydroxylase activity on a HIF1A peptide. Ref.11 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 176 | 1 | R → P in AAK82943. Ref.2 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Characterization and comparative analysis of the EGLN gene family." Taylor M.S. Gene 275:125-132(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM P43). |
| [2] | "Novel estrogen and tamoxifen induced genes identified by SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)." Seth P., Krop I., Porter D., Polyak K. Oncogene 21:836-843(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM P43), INDUCTION. Tissue: Mammary cancer. |
| [3] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM P43). Tissue: Fetal brain. |
| [4] | "The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium." Bechtel S., Rosenfelder H., Duda A., Schmidt C.P., Ernst U., Wellenreuther R., Mehrle A., Schuster C., Bahr A., Bloecker H., Heubner D., Hoerlein A., Michel G., Wedler H., Koehrer K., Ottenwaelder B., Poustka A., Wiemann S., Schupp I. BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM P43). Tissue: Endometrium. |
| [5] | "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19." Grimwood J., Gordon L.A., Olsen A.S., Terry A., Schmutz J., Lamerdin J.E., Hellsten U., Goodstein D., Couronne O., Tran-Gyamfi M., Aerts A., Altherr M., Ashworth L., Bajorek E., Black S., Branscomb E., Caenepeel S., Carrano A.V. Lucas S.M.Nature 428:529-535(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [7] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM P43). Tissue: Lung and Testis. |
| [8] | "HIF-1, O(2), and the 3 PHDs: how animal cells signal hypoxia to the nucleus." Semenza G.L. Cell 107:1-3(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW. |
| [9] | "C. elegans EGL-9 and mammalian homologs define a family of dioxygenases that regulate HIF by prolyl hydroxylation." Epstein A.C.R., Gleadle J.M., McNeill L.A., Hewitson K.S., O'Rourke J., Mole D.R., Mukherji M., Metzen E., Wilson M.I., Dhanda A., Tian Y.M., Masson N., Hamilton D.L., Jaakkola P., Barstead R., Hodgkin J., Maxwell P.H., Pugh C.W., Schofield C.J., Ratcliffe P.J. Cell 107:43-54(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF HIS-358. |
| [10] | "Overexpression of PH-4, a novel putative proline 4-hydroxylase, modulates activity of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors." Oehme F., Ellinghaus P., Kolkhof P., Smith T.J., Ramakrishnan S., Huetter J., Schramm M., Flamme I. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 296:343-349(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [11] | "The use of dioxygen by HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD1)." McNeill L.A., Hewitson K.S., Gleadle J.M., Horsfall L.E., Oldham N.J., Maxwell P.H., Pugh C.W., Ratcliffe P.J., Schofield C.J. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 12:1547-1550(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: MUTAGENESIS OF HIS-297; ASP-299; HIS-358 AND ARG-367. |
| [12] | "Intracellular localisation of human HIF-1 alpha hydroxylases: implications for oxygen sensing." Metzen E., Berchner-Pfannschmidt U., Stengel P., Marxsen J.H., Stolze I., Klinger M., Huang W.Q., Wotzlaw C., Hellwig-Burgel T., Jelkmann W., Acker H., Fandrey J. J. Cell Sci. 116:1319-1326(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INDUCTION. |
| [13] | "Differential function of the prolyl hydroxylases PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3 in the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor." Appelhoff R.J., Tian Y.M., Raval R.R., Turley H., Harris A.L., Pugh C.W., Ratcliffe P.J., Gleadle J.M. J. Biol. Chem. 279:38458-38465(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION, SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY. |
| [14] | "Characterization of different isoforms of the HIF prolyl hydroxylase PHD1 generated by alternative initiation." Tian Y.M., Mole D.R., Ratcliffe P.J., Gleadle J.M. Biochem. J. 397:179-186(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH SIAH2, ALTERNATIVE INITIATION, INDUCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF MET-1 AND MET-34. |
| [15] | "Cellular oxygen sensing: Importins and exportins are mediators of intracellular localisation of prolyl-4-hydroxylases PHD1 and PHD2." Steinhoff A., Pientka F.K., Mockel S., Kettelhake A., Hartmann E., Kohler M., Depping R. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 387:705-711(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [16] | "Role of the intracellular localization of HIF-prolyl hydroxylases." Yasumoto K., Kowata Y., Yoshida A., Torii S., Sogawa K. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1793:792-797(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-102; ARG-106; ARG-113; ARG-119 AND ARG-134. |
| [17] | "Biochemical characterization of human HIF hydroxylases using HIF protein substrates that contain all three hydroxylation sites." Pappalardi M.B., McNulty D.E., Martin J.D., Fisher K.E., Jiang Y., Burns M.C., Zhao H., Ho T., Sweitzer S., Schwartz B., Annan R.S., Copeland R.A., Tummino P.J., Luo L. Biochem. J. 436:363-369(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [18] | "The LIMD1 protein bridges an association between the prolyl hydroxylases and VHL to repress HIF-1 activity." Foxler D.E., Bridge K.S., James V., Webb T.M., Mee M., Wong S.C., Feng Y., Constantin-Teodosiu D., Petursdottir T.E., Bjornsson J., Ingvarsson S., Ratcliffe P.J., Longmore G.D., Sharp T.V. Nat. Cell Biol. 14:201-208(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH LIMD1; WTIP AND AJUBA. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AJ310544 mRNA. Translation: CAC42510.1. AY040565 mRNA. Translation: AAK82943.1. AK291385 mRNA. Translation: BAF84074.1. AL832506 mRNA. No translation available. AC008537 Genomic DNA. No translation available. CH471126 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW57008.1. BC001723 mRNA. Translation: AAH01723.1. Different initiation. BC036051 mRNA. Translation: AAH36051.1. |
| IPI | IPI00074957. IPI00955972. |
| RefSeq | NP_444274.1. NM_053046.3. NP_542770.2. NM_080732.3. |
| UniGene | Hs.515417. Hs.631539. Hs.730737. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q96KS0. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q96KS0. 2 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-1186497. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000307080. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q96KS0. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 32129513. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | Q96KS0. |
| PRIDE | Q96KS0. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 112398. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000303961; ENSP00000307080; ENSG00000269858. ENST00000406058; ENSP00000385253; ENSG00000269858. ENST00000593726; ENSP00000469686; ENSG00000269858. ENST00000594140; ENSP00000472414; ENSG00000269858. |
| GeneID | 112398. |
| KEGG | hsa:112398. |
| UCSC | uc002opg.4. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 112398. |
| GeneCards | GC19P041305. |
| HGNC | HGNC:14660. EGLN2. |
| MIM | 606424. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q96KS0. |
| PharmGKB | PA27671. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG3751. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000013099. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG051456. |
| InParanoid | Q96KS0. |
| KO | K09592. |
| OMA | GGELWPL. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4HHP2P. |
| PhylomeDB | Q96KS0. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BioCyc | MetaCyc:ENSG00000171570-MONOMER. |
| BRENDA | 1.14.11.2. 2681. |
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | hif1apathway. Hypoxic and oxygen homeostasis regulation of HIF-1-alpha. |
| Reactome | REACT_120956. Cellular responses to stress. |
Gene expression databases | |
| Bgee | Q96KS0. |
| CleanEx | HS_EGLN2. |
| Genevestigator | Q96KS0. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000171570. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR005123. Oxoglu/Fe-dep_dioxygenase. IPR006620. Pro_4_hyd_alph. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF13640. 2OG-FeII_Oxy_3. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00702. P4Hc. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS51471. FE2OG_OXY. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| BindingDB | Q96KS0. |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL3028. |
| ChiTaRS | EGLN2. human. |
| DrugBank | DB00126. Vitamin C. |
| GenomeRNAi | 112398. |
| NextBio | 78572. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | EGLN2_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q96KS0 Secondary accession number(s): A8K5S0, Q8WWY4, Q9BV14 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 19 Human chromosome 19: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
