Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q96GR2 (ACBG1_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase ACSBG1
    EC=6.2.1.3
Alternative name(s):
    Acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1
      Short name=hsBGM
      Short name=hsBG
      Short name=hBG1
    Lipodisin

Gene names

Name:	ACSBG1
Synonyms:	BGM, KIAA0631, LPD

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	724 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Mediates activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Able to activate long-chain fatty acids. Also able to activate very long-chain fatty acids; however, the relevance of such activity is unclear in vivo. Can activate diverse saturated, monosaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ref.1 Ref.7
Catalytic activity	ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA. Ref.1
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic vesicle By similarity. Microsome By similarity. Endoplasmic reticulum By similarity.
Tissue specificity	Expressed primarily in brain. Expressed at lower level in testis and adrenal gland. Present in all regions of brain except pituitary. Ref.1 Ref.7
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. Bubblegum subfamily.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Fatty acid metabolism Lipid metabolism
Cellular component	Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic vesicle Endoplasmic reticulum Microsome
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Ligand	ATP-binding Nucleotide-binding
Molecular function	Ligase
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	long-chain fatty acid metabolic process Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: HGNC myelination Ref.1 Non-traceable author statement. Source: HGNC very-long-chain fatty acid metabolic process Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: HGNC
Cellular component	cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell endoplasmic reticulum Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell microsome Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	ATP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase activity Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: HGNC very-long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase activity Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: HGNC
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 724	724	Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase ACSBG1		PRO_0000315808
Regions
	Nucleotide binding	282 – 290	9	ATP By similarity
	Nucleotide binding	472 – 477	6	ATP By similarity
Sites
	Binding site	550	1	ATP By similarity
	Binding site	565	1	ATP By similarity
	Binding site	701	1	ATP By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	135	1	Phosphotyrosine Ref.8
	Modified residue	138	1	Phosphotyrosine Ref.8
	Modified residue	139	1	Phosphotyrosine Ref.8
	Modified residue	658	1	Phosphotyrosine By similarity
Natural variations
	Natural variant	194	1	E → V: dbSNP rs12899901.		VAR_038314
	Natural variant	633	1	V → M: dbSNP rs2304824. Ref.1		VAR_038315
	Natural variant	673	1	A → V: dbSNP rs11072735. Ref.4		VAR_038316

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q96GR2-1 [UniParc]. Last modified December 1, 2001. Version 1. Checksum: 3926EA7F658F7FBC	FASTA	724	81,258
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MPRNSGAGYG CPHGDPSMLD SRETPQESRQ DMIVRTTQEK LKTSSLTDRQ PLSKESLNHA 70 80 90 100 110 120 LELSVPEKVN NAQWDAPEEA LWTTRADGRV RLRIDPSCPQ LPYTVHRMFY EALDKYGDLI 130 140 150 160 170 180 ALGFKRQDKW EHISYSQYYL LARRAAKGFL KLGLKQAHSV AILGFNSPEW FFSAVGTVFA 190 200 210 220 230 240 GGIVTGIYTT SSPEACQYIA YDCCANVIMV DTQKQLEKIL KIWKQLPHLK AVVIYKEPPP 250 260 270 280 290 300 NKMANVYTME EFMELGNEVP EEALDAIIDT QQPNQCCVLV YTSGTTGNPK GVMLSQDNIT 310 320 330 340 350 360 WTARYGSQAG DIRPAEVQQE VVVSYLPLSH IAAQIYDLWT GIQWGAQVCF AEPDALKGSL 370 380 390 400 410 420 VNTLREVEPT SHMGVPRVWE KIMERIQEVA AQSGFIRRKM LLWAMSVTLE QNLTCPGSDL 430 440 450 460 470 480 KPFTTRLADY LVLAKVRQAL GFAKCQKNFY GAAPMMAETQ HFFLGLNIRL YAGYGLSETS 490 500 510 520 530 540 GPHFMSSPYN YRLYSSGKLV PGCRVKLVNQ DAEGIGEICL WGRTIFMGYL NMEDKTCEAI 550 560 570 580 590 600 DEEGWLHTGD AGRLDADGFL YITGRLKELI ITAGGENVPP VPIEEAVKME LPIISNAMLI 610 620 630 640 650 660 GDQRKFLSML LTLKCTLDPD TSDQTDNLTE QAVEFCQRVG SRATTVSEII EKKDEAVYQA 670 680 690 700 710 720 IEEGIRRVNM NAAARPYHIQ KWAILERDFS ISGGELGPTM KLKRLTVLEK YKGIIDSFYQ EQKM

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases. Human 'bubblegum' represents a new family of proteins capable of activating very long-chain fatty acids." Steinberg S.J., Morgenthaler J., Heinzer A.K., Smith K.D., Watkins P.A. J. Biol. Chem. 275:35162-35169(2000) [PubMed: 10954726] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], ENZYME ACTIVITY, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, VARIANT MET-633. Tissue: Brain.
[2]	"Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. X. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro." Ishikawa K., Nagase T., Suyama M., Miyajima N., Tanaka A., Kotani H., Nomura N., Ohara O. DNA Res. 5:169-176(1998) [PubMed: 9734811] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[3]	"Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones." Nakajima D., Okazaki N., Yamakawa H., Kikuno R., Ohara O., Nagase T. DNA Res. 9:99-106(2002) [PubMed: 12168954] [Abstract] Cited for: SEQUENCE REVISION.
[4]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT VAL-673. Tissue: Testis.
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Skin.
[6]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[7]	"The acyl-CoA synthetase 'bubblegum' (lipidosin): further characterization and role in neuronal fatty acid beta-oxidation." Pei Z., Oey N.A., Zuidervaart M.M., Jia Z., Li Y., Steinberg S.J., Smith K.D., Watkins P.A. J. Biol. Chem. 278:47070-47078(2003) [PubMed: 12975357] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[8]	"Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer." Rikova K., Guo A., Zeng Q., Possemato A., Yu J., Haack H., Nardone J., Lee K., Reeves C., Li Y., Hu Y., Tan Z., Stokes M., Sullivan L., Mitchell J., Wetzel R., Macneill J., Ren J.M. , Yuan J., Bakalarski C.E., Villen J., Kornhauser J.M., Smith B., Li D., Zhou X., Gygi S.P., Gu T.-L., Polakiewicz R.D., Rush J., Comb M.J. Cell 131:1190-1203(2007) [PubMed: 18083107] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-135; TYR-138 AND TYR-139, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	AF179481 mRNA. Translation: AAG09404.1. AB014531 mRNA. Translation: BAA31606.2. Different initiation. AK314508 mRNA. Translation: BAG37108.1. BC009289 mRNA. Translation: AAH09289.1. CH471136 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW99180.1.
IPI	IPI00550128.
RefSeq	NP_055977.3.
UniGene	Hs.655760
3D structure databases
HSSP	HSSP built from PDB template 1LCI based on UniProtKB P08659.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	Q96GR2.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q96GR2.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q96GR2.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000258873; ENSP00000258873; ENSG00000103740; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]
GeneID	23205.
KEGG	hsa:23205.
UCSC	uc002bdh.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	23205.
GeneCards	GC15M076247.
HGNC	HGNC:29567. ACSBG1.
PharmGKB	PA142672648.
HUGE	Search...
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	Q96GR2.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BRENDA	6.2.1.3. 247.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q96GR2.
Bgee	Q96GR2.
CleanEx	HS_ACSBG1.
Genevestigator	Q96GR2.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR000873. AMP-dep_Synth/Lig. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00501. AMP-binding. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS00455. AMP_BINDING. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	44731.

Entry information

Entry name

ACBG1_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q96GR2
Secondary accession number(s): B2RB61 , O75126, Q76N27, Q9HC26

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	January 15, 2008
Last sequence update:	December 1, 2001
Last modified:	October 13, 2009
This is version 62 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.