Q96CW1 (AP2M1_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
April 3, 2013.
Version 109.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: AP-2 complex subunit mu Alternative name(s): AP-2 mu chain Adapter-related protein complex 2 mu subunit Adaptin-mu2 Adaptor protein complex AP-2 subunit mu Clathrin assembly protein complex 2 medium chain Clathrin coat assembly protein AP50 Clathrin coat-associated protein AP50 HA2 50 kDa subunit Plasma membrane adaptor AP-2 50 kDa protein | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 435 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes are considered to be the major clathrin adaptors contributing the CCV formation. AP-2 also serves as a cargo receptor to selectively sort the membrane proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. AP-2 seems to play a role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes from the presynaptic surface. AP-2 recognizes Y-X-X-[FILMV] (Y-X-X-Phi) and [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] endocytosis signal motifs within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-2 may also play a role in maintaining normal post-endocytic trafficking through the ARF6-regulated, non-clathrin pathway. The AP-2 mu subunit binds to transmembrane cargo proteins; it recognizes the Y-X-X-Phi motifs. The surface region interacting with to the Y-X-X-Phi motif is inaccessible in cytosolic AP-2, but becomes accessible through a conformational change following phosphorylation of AP-2 mu subunit at 'Tyr-156' in membrane-associated AP-2. The membrane-specific phosphorylation event appears to involve assembled clathrin which activates the AP-2 mu kinase AAK1 By similarity. Plays a role in endocytosis of frizzled family members upon Wnt signaling By similarity. Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15 |
| Subunit structure | Adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2) is a heterotetramer composed of two large adaptins (alpha-type subunit AP2A1 or AP2A2 and beta-type subunit AP2B1), a medium adaptin (mu-type subunit AP2M1) and a small adaptin (sigma-type subunit AP2S1). Interacts with ATP6V1H and MEGF10. Interacts with EGFR. Interacts with F2R. Interacts with PIP5K1C; tyrosine phosphorylation of PIP5K1C weakens the interaction By similarity. Interacts with KIAA0319; required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis of KIAA0319. Interacts with DVL2 (via DEP domain) By similarity. Ref.7 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.17 |
| Subcellular location | Cell membrane. Membrane › coated pit; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Note: AP-2 appears to be excluded from internalizing CCVs and to disengage from sites of endocytosis seconds before internalization of the nascent CCV By similarity. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family. Contains 1 MHD (mu homology) domain. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence BAA09762.2 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q96CW1-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q96CW1-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 141-142: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 435 | 435 | AP-2 complex subunit mu | PRO_0000193774 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domain | 167 – 435 | 269 | MHD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sites | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Binding site | 341 | 1 | Phosphatidylinositol lipid headgroup By similarity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Binding site | 343 | 1 | Phosphatidylinositol lipid headgroup By similarity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Binding site | 345 | 1 | Phosphatidylinositol lipid headgroup By similarity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Binding site | 354 | 1 | Phosphatidylinositol lipid headgroup By similarity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Binding site | 356 | 1 | Phosphatidylinositol lipid headgroup By similarity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 45 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 156 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 141 – 142 | 2 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_034599 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 106 | 1 | V → L in AAA93254. Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary structure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 172 – 185 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 187 – 189 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 193 – 196 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 199 – 205 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 212 – 214 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 271 – 275 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 290 – 294 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 297 – 309 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 317 – 325 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 332 – 336 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 338 – 342 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 346 – 349 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 350 – 358 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 363 – 371 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 386 – 394 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 409 – 412 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 415 – 417 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 418 – 433 | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for human 50 kDa subunit of the clathrin assembly complex AP-2 (AP50)." Tsui S.K.W., Waye M.M.Y., Liew C.C., Fung K., Lee C.Y. Submitted (APR-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Heart. |
| [2] | "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. III. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0081-KIAA0120) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1." Nagase T., Miyajima N., Tanaka A., Sazuka T., Seki N., Sato S., Tabata S., Ishikawa K., Kawarabayasi Y., Kotani H., Nomura N. DNA Res. 2:37-43(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Bone marrow. |
| [3] | "Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector." Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A. Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [4] | "The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3." Muzny D.M., Scherer S.E., Kaul R., Wang J., Yu J., Sudbrak R., Buhay C.J., Chen R., Cree A., Ding Y., Dugan-Rocha S., Gill R., Gunaratne P., Harris R.A., Hawes A.C., Hernandez J., Hodgson A.V., Hume J. Gibbs R.A.Nature 440:1194-1198(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [5] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2). Tissue: Kidney, Placenta and Skin. |
| [7] | "Subunit H of the V-ATPase binds to the medium chain of adaptor protein complex 2 and connects Nef to the endocytic machinery." Geyer M., Yu H., Mandic R., Linnemann T., Zheng Y.-H., Fackler O.T., Peterlin B.M. J. Biol. Chem. 277:28521-28529(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ATP6V1H. |
| [8] | "Adaptor protein complexes as the key regulators of protein sorting in the post-Golgi network." Nakatsu F., Ohno H. Cell Struct. Funct. 28:419-429(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF THE AP-2 COMPLEX IN CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS. |
| [9] | "Clathrin-mediated endocytosis in AP-2-depleted cells." Motley A., Bright N.A., Seaman M.N.J., Robinson M.S. J. Cell Biol. 162:909-918(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS. |
| [10] | "Endocytosis of the viral chemokine receptor US28 does not require beta-arrestins but is dependent on the clathrin-mediated pathway." Fraile-Ramos A., Kohout T.A., Waldhoer M., Marsh M. Traffic 4:243-253(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS. |
| [11] | "Adaptors for clathrin coats: structure and function." Owen D.J., Collins B.M., Evans P.R. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 20:153-191(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF THE AP-2 COMPLEX IN CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS. |
| [12] | "Analysis of clathrin-mediated endocytosis of epidermal growth factor receptor by RNA interference." Huang F., Khvorova A., Marshall W., Sorkin A. J. Biol. Chem. 279:16657-16661(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS. |
| [13] | "Clathrin adaptor AP2 regulates thrombin receptor constitutive internalization and endothelial cell resensitization." Paing M.M., Johnston C.A., Siderovski D.P., Trejo J. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:3231-3242(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN RECEPTOR INTERNALIZATION, INTERACTION WITH F2R. |
| [14] | "MEGF10 is a mammalian ortholog of CED-1 that interacts with clathrin assembly protein complex 2 medium chain and induces large vacuole formation." Suzuki E., Nakayama M. Exp. Cell Res. 313:3729-3742(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH MEGF10. |
| [15] | "The adaptor complex AP-2 regulates post-endocytic trafficking through the non-clathrin Arf6-dependent endocytic pathway." Lau A.W., Chou M.M. J. Cell Sci. 121:4008-4017(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF THE AP-2 COMPLEX IN NON-CLATHRIN-DEPENDENT ENDOCYTOSIS. |
| [16] | "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R., Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M. Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-45 AND THR-156, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [17] | "The dyslexia-associated protein KIAA0319 interacts with adaptor protein 2 and follows the classical clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway." Levecque C., Velayos-Baeza A., Holloway Z.G., Monaco A.P. Am. J. Physiol. 297:C160-C168(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH KIAA0319. |
| [18] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [19] | "Study of the interaction of the medium chain mu 2 subunit of the clathrin-associated adapter protein complex 2 with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and CD28." Follows E.R., McPheat J.C., Minshull C., Moore N.C., Pauptit R.A., Rowsell S., Stacey C.L., Stanway J.J., Taylor I.W.F., Abbott W.M. Biochem. J. 359:427-434(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (3.6 ANGSTROMS) OF 167-435 IN COMPLEX WITH CTLA4 INTERNALIZATION SIGNAL. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | U36188 mRNA. Translation: AAA93254.1. D63475 mRNA. Translation: BAA09762.2. Different initiation. BT007308 mRNA. Translation: AAP35972.1. AC131235 Genomic DNA. No translation available. CH471052 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW78290.1. CH471052 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW78291.1. BC004996 mRNA. Translation: AAH04996.1. BC013796 mRNA. Translation: AAH13796.1. BC014030 mRNA. Translation: AAH14030.1. | ||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00022256. IPI00619900. | ||||||||||||
| PIR | G02088. | ||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_001020376.1. NM_001025205.1. NP_004059.2. NM_004068.3. | ||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.518460. | ||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
| ||||||||||||
| ProteinModelPortal | Q96CW1. | ||||||||||||
| SMR | Q96CW1. Positions 1-435. | ||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||
| IntAct | Q96CW1. 35 interactions. | ||||||||||||
| MINT | MINT-140451. | ||||||||||||
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000292807. | ||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | Q96CW1. | ||||||||||||
Polymorphism databases | |||||||||||||
| DMDM | 51316978. | ||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||
| PaxDb | Q96CW1. | ||||||||||||
| PRIDE | Q96CW1. | ||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||
| DNASU | 1173. | ||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000292807; ENSP00000292807; ENSG00000161203. ENST00000382456; ENSP00000371894; ENSG00000161203. ENST00000439647; ENSP00000409081; ENSG00000161203. | ||||||||||||
| GeneID | 1173. | ||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:1173. | ||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc003fmw.3. human. uc011bqy.2. human. | ||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||
| CTD | 1173. | ||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC03P183892. | ||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:564. AP2M1. | ||||||||||||
| HPA | HPA036849. | ||||||||||||
| MIM | 601024. gene. | ||||||||||||
| neXtProt | NX_Q96CW1. | ||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA24855. | ||||||||||||
| HUGE | Search... | ||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||
| eggNOG | NOG315786. | ||||||||||||
| HOGENOM | HOG000173246. | ||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG050516. | ||||||||||||
| InParanoid | Q96CW1. | ||||||||||||
| KO | K11826. | ||||||||||||
Enzyme and pathway databases | |||||||||||||
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | arf_3pathway. Arf1 pathway. | ||||||||||||
| Reactome | REACT_111045. Developmental Biology. REACT_111102. Signal Transduction. REACT_11123. Membrane Trafficking. REACT_116125. Disease. REACT_13685. Neuronal System. REACT_6900. Immune System. | ||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | Q96CW1. | ||||||||||||
| Bgee | Q96CW1. | ||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_AP2M1. | ||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | Q96CW1. | ||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000161203. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR022775. AP_mu_sigma_su. IPR015629. Clathrin_AP50. IPR001392. Clathrin_mu. IPR008968. Clathrin_mu_C. IPR018240. Clathrin_mu_CS. IPR011012. Longin-like_dom. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PANTHER | PTHR11998:SF12. PTHR11998:SF12. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF00928. Adap_comp_sub. 1 hit. PF01217. Clat_adaptor_s. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PIRSF | PIRSF005992. Clathrin_mu. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| PRINTS | PR00314. CLATHRINADPT. | ||||||||||||
| SUPFAM | SSF49447. AP50. 1 hit. SSF64356. Longin_like. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS00990. CLAT_ADAPTOR_M_1. 1 hit. PS00991. CLAT_ADAPTOR_M_2. 1 hit. PS51072. MHD. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||
| ChiTaRS | AP2M1. human. | ||||||||||||
| EvolutionaryTrace | Q96CW1. | ||||||||||||
| GenomeRNAi | 1173. | ||||||||||||
| NextBio | 4844. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | AP2M1_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q96CW1 Secondary accession number(s): A6NE12 P53679 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 3 Human chromosome 3: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
