Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q96292 (ACT2_ARATH)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Actin-2

Gene names

Name:	ACT2
Ordered Locus Names:	At3g18780
ORF Names:	MVE11.16

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › eurosids II › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	377 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Essential component of cell cytoskeleton; plays an important role in cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, cell division, organelle movement and extension growth. This is considered as one of the vegetative actins.
Enzyme regulation	Subject to negative translational control in pollen.
Subunit structure	Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. The binding of profilin to monomeric G-actin cause the sequestration of actin into profilactin complexes, and prevents the polymerization.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton.
Tissue specificity	Strongly expressed in nearly all vegetative tissues, and remains high in older tissues. Little or no expression is detected in mature pollen sacs, ovules, embryos or seeds.
Miscellaneous	There are 8 actin genes in A.thaliana.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the actin family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
Ligand	ATP-binding Nucleotide-binding
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	response to cytokinin stimulus Inferred from expression pattern. Source: TAIR response to far red light Inferred from expression pattern. Source: TAIR response to high light intensity Inferred from expression pattern. Source: TAIR response to red light Inferred from expression pattern. Source: TAIR root hair cell tip growth Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR
Cellular component	cytoplasm Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR cytoskeleton Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell membrane Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR nucleus Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR
Molecular function	ATP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW protein binding Inferred from physical interaction. Source: IntAct structural constituent of cytoskeleton Traceable author statement. Source: TAIR
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
HXK1	Q42525	1	EBI-1644538,EBI-1644489

Alternative products

This entry describes 1 isoform produced by alternative splicing. [Select]

Note: A number of isoforms are produced. According to EST sequences.

Isoform 1 (identifier: Q96292-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 377	377	Actin-2		PRO_0000088889

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified February 1, 1997. Version 1. Checksum: F9E53D17F333D786	FASTA	377	41,877
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAEADDIQPI VCDNGTGMVK AGFAGDDAPR AVFPSVVGRP RHHGVMVGMN QKDAYVGDEA 70 80 90 100 110 120 QSKRGILTLK YPIEHGVVSN WDDMEKIWHH TFYNELRIAP EEHPVLLTEA PLNPKANREK 130 140 150 160 170 180 MTQIMFETFN SPAMYVAIQA VLSLYASGRT TGIVLDSGDG VSHTVPIYEG FSLPHAILRL 190 200 210 220 230 240 DLAGRDLTDY LMKILTERGY MFTTTAEREI VRDIKEKLSF VAVDYEQEME TSKTSSSIEK 250 260 270 280 290 300 NYELPDGQVI TIGAERFRCP EVLFQPSFVG MEAAGIHETT YNSIMKCDVD IRKDLYGNIV 310 320 330 340 350 360 LSGGTTMFSG IADRMSKEIT ALAPSSMKIK VVAPPERKYS VWIGGSILAS LSTFQQMWIS 370 KAEYDEAGPG IVHRKCF

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Strong, constitutive expression of the Arabidopsis ACT2/ACT8 actin subclass in vegetative tissues." An Y.-Q., McDowell J.M., Huang S., McKinney E.C., Chambliss S., Meagher R.B. Plant J. 10:107-121(1996) [PubMed: 8758981] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[2]	"Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3. I. Sequence features of the regions of 4,504,864 bp covered by sixty P1 and TAC clones." Sato S., Nakamura Y., Kaneko T., Katoh T., Asamizu E., Tabata S. DNA Res. 7:131-135(2000) [PubMed: 10819329] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[3]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed: 14593172] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	"Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana." Brover V.V., Troukhan M.E., Alexandrov N.A., Lu Y.-P., Flavell R.B., Feldmann K.A. Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[5]	"Further progress towards a catalogue of all Arabidopsis genes: analysis of a set of 5000 non-redundant ESTs." Cooke R., Raynal M., Laudie M., Grellet F., Delseny M., Morris P.-C., Guerrier D., Giraudat J., Quigley F., Clabault G., Li Y.-F., Mache R., Krivitzky M., Gy I.J.-J., Kreis M., Lecharny A., Parmentier Y., Marbach J. , Fleck J., Clement B., Philipps G., Herve C., Bardet C., Tremousaygue D., Lescure B., Lacomme C., Roby D., Jourjon M.-F., Chabrier P., Charpenteau J.-L., Desprez T., Amselem J., Chiapello H., Hoefte H. Plant J. 9:101-124(1996) [PubMed: 8580968] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 1-63. Strain: cv. Columbia. Tissue: Seedling.
[6]	"Structure and evolution of the actin gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana." McDowell J.M., Huang S., McKinney E.C., An Y.-Q., Meagher R.B. Genetics 142:587-602(1996) [PubMed: 8852856] [Abstract] Cited for: GENE FAMILY ORGANIZATION, CHARACTERIZATION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	U41998 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB37098.1. AB026654 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB01806.1. AF428330 mRNA. Translation: AAL16260.1. AY064043 mRNA. Translation: AAL36399.1. AY096381 mRNA. Translation: AAM20022.1. AY087751 mRNA. Translation: AAM65287.1. Z25952 mRNA. Translation: CAA81112.1.
IPI	IPI00540686.
RefSeq	NP_188508.1.
UniGene	At.23604 At.24689 At.67767
3D structure databases
SMR	Q96292. Positions 10-373.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q96292. 1 interaction.
STRING	Q96292.
Genome annotation databases
GeneID	821411.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus AT3G18780 in contig BA000014_GR.
KEGG	ath:AT3G18780.
NMPDR	fig|3702.1.peg.14085.
Organism-specific databases
TAIR	At3g18780.
Phylogenomic databases
OMA	METSKTS
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q96292.
Genevestigator	Q96292.
GermOnline	AT3G18780. Arabidopsis thaliana.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR004000. Actin-like. IPR004001. Actin_CS. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR11937. Actin_like. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00022. Actin. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00190. ACTIN.
SMART	SM00268. ACTIN. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS00406. ACTINS_1. 1 hit. PS00432. ACTINS_2. 1 hit. PS01132. ACTINS_ACT_LIKE. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

ACT2_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q96292
Secondary accession number(s): Q42056

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 25, 2002
Last sequence update:	February 1, 1997
Last modified:	November 24, 2009
This is version 82 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

PPAP (Plant Proteome Annotation Project)