Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 6 [UDP-forming] - Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)

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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q94JQ6 (CESA6_ARATH)

Last modified June 16, 2009. Version 53. History...

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Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

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Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 6 [UDP-forming]
      Short name=AtCesA6
    EC=2.4.1.12
Alternative name(s):
    Isoxaben-resistant protein 2
    Protein PROCUSTE 1
    Protein QUILL
    AraxCelA

Gene names

Name:	CESA6
Synonyms:	IXR2, PRC1, QUI
Ordered Locus Names:	At5g64740
ORF Names:	MVP7.7

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › eurosids II › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Arabidopsis

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Protein attributes

Sequence length	1084 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

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General annotation (Comments)

Function	Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the primary cell wall formation. The presence of each protein CESA1 and CESA6 is critical for cell expansion. The hypocotyl elongation is based on a CESA6-dependent cell elongation in dark and a CESA6-independent cell elongation in light. The transition between these two mechanisms requires photosynthesis and PHYB, but not CRY1. The CESA6-dependent cell elongation seems to be independent of gibberellic acid, auxin and ethylene. May be involved in sensitivity to isoxaben. Associates with and moves along cortical microtubules for the process of cellulose deposition. Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13
Catalytic activity	UDP-glucose + (1,4-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = UDP + (1,4-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).
Cofactor	Binds 2 zinc ions per subunit By similarity.
Pathway	Glycan metabolism; plant cellulose biosynthesis.
Subunit structure	Interacts with CESA1 and CESA3. Ref.12 Ref.13
Subcellular location	Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Probable.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in germinating seeds, seedlings, roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Not present in mature flowers. Ref.8 Ref.10
Developmental stage	Not found in embryos. Higher levels in tissues undergoing primary cell wall formation, and drop of expression when secondary wall synthesis takes place. High levels in developing seedlings and elongating stems, with a decrease at later growth stages. Ref.8
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. Plant cellulose synthase subfamily. Contains 1 RING-type zinc finger.
Sequence caution	The sequence AAK53023.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at position 645.

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Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Cell wall biogenesis/degradation Cellulose biosynthesis
Cellular component	Cell membrane Membrane
Domain	Coiled coil Transmembrane Zinc-finger
Ligand	Metal-binding Zinc
Molecular function	Glycosyltransferase Transferase
PTM	Glycoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	cell growth Ref.11 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR cell wall organization Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW cellulose biosynthetic process Ref.9 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR cortical microtubule organization Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR primary cell wall biogenesis Ref.9 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR
Cellular component	Golgi apparatus Ref.11 Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR cellulose synthase complex Ref.11 Non-traceable author statement. Source: TAIR integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW plasma membrane Ref.11 Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR
Molecular function	cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC protein binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro zinc ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

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Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain

1 – 1084

1084

Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 6 [UDP-forming]

PRO_0000166372

Regions

Topological domain

1 – 277

277

Cytoplasmic Potential

Transmembrane

278 – 298

Potential

Topological domain

299 – 300

Extracellular Potential

Transmembrane

301 – 321

Potential

Topological domain

322 – 868

547

Cytoplasmic Potential

Transmembrane

869 – 889

Potential

Topological domain

890 – 894

Extracellular Potential

Transmembrane

895 – 915

Potential

Topological domain

916 – 930

Cytoplasmic Potential

Transmembrane

931 – 951

Potential

Topological domain

952 – 980

Extracellular Potential

Transmembrane

981 – 1001

Potential

Topological domain

1002 – 1012

Cytoplasmic Potential

Transmembrane

1013 – 1033

Potential

Topological domain

1034 – 1042

Extracellular Potential

Transmembrane

1043 – 1063

Potential

Topological domain

1064 – 1084

Cytoplasmic Potential

Zinc finger

39 – 85

RING-type; degenerate

Coiled coil

450 – 476

Potential

Coiled coil

675 – 703

Potential

Compositional bias

649 – 687

Lys-rich

Sites

Active site

396

Potential

Active site

785

Potential

Metal binding

Zinc 1 By similarity

Metal binding

Zinc 1 By similarity

Metal binding

Zinc 2 By similarity

Metal binding

Zinc 2 By similarity

Metal binding

Zinc 1 By similarity

Metal binding

Zinc 1 By similarity

Metal binding

Zinc 2 By similarity

Metal binding

Zinc 2 By similarity

Binding site

562

Substrate Potential

Binding site

564

Substrate Potential

Amino acid modifications

Glycosylation

958

N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential

Experimental info

Mutagenesis

1064

R → W in ixr2-1; confers resistance to the herbicide isoxaben. Can complement prc1. Ref.9

Sequence conflict

198

P → R in AAC29067. Ref.3

Sequence conflict

200

P → L in AAC29067. Ref.3

Sequence conflict

263

R → M in AAC29067. Ref.3

Sequence conflict

706 – 710

VTKGS → GHKVL in AAC29067. Ref.3

Sequence conflict

724

E → Q in AAC29067. Ref.3

Sequence conflict

727

F → Y in AAC29067. Ref.3

Sequence conflict

739

M → L in AAC29067. Ref.3

Sequence conflict

763

C → R in AAC29067. Ref.3

Sequence conflict

790

F → S in AAC29067. Ref.3

Sequence conflict

799

S → H in AAC29067. Ref.3

Sequence conflict

810

K → E in AAK53023. Ref.4

Sequence conflict

810

K → E in AAN28896. Ref.4

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Sequences

Sequence

Length

Mass (Da)

Tools

Q94JQ6-1 [UniParc].

Last modified August 30, 2005. Version 2.
Checksum: 1520439A5053608C
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FASTA

1,084

122,502

        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MNTGGRLIAG SHNRNEFVLI NADENARIRS VQELSGQTCQ ICRDEIELTV DGEPFVACNE 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
CAFPVCRPCY EYERREGNQA CPQCKTRFKR LKGSPRVEGD EEEDDIDDLD NEFEYGNNGI 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
GFDQVSEGMS ISRRNSGFPQ SDLDSAPPGS QIPLLTYGDE DVEISSDRHA LIVPPSLGGH 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
GNRVHPVSLS DPTVAAHPRP MVPQKDLAVY GYGSVAWKDR MEEWKRKQNE KLQVVRHEGD 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
PDFEDGDDAD FPMMDEGRQP LSRKIPIKSS KINPYRMLIV LRLVILGLFF HYRILHPVKD 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
AYALWLISVI CEIWFAVSWV LDQFPKWYPI ERETYLDRLS LRYEKEGKPS GLSPVDVFVS 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
TVDPLKEPPL ITANTVLSIL AVDYPVDKVA CYVSDDGAAM LTFEALSETA EFARKWVPFC 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
KKYCIEPRAP EWYFCHKMDY LKNKVHPAFV RERRAMKRDY EEFKVKINAL VATAQKVPED 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
GWTMQDGTPW PGNSVRDHPG MIQVFLGSDG VRDVENNELP RLVYVSREKR PGFDHHKKAG 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
AMNSLIRVSG VLSNAPYLLN VDCDHYINNS KALREAMCFM MDPQSGKKIC YVQFPQRFDG 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
IDRHDRYSNR NVVFFDINMK GLDGLQGPIY VGTGCVFRRQ ALYGFDAPKK KKGPRKTCNC 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
WPKWCLLCFG SRKNRKAKTV AADKKKKNRE ASKQIHALEN IEEGRVTKGS NVEQSTEAMQ 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
MKLEKKFGQS PVFVASARME NGGMARNASP ACLLKEAIQV ISCGYEDKTE WGKEIGWIYG 

       790        800        810        820        830        840 
SVTEDILTGF KMHSHGWRSV YCTPKLAAFK GSAPINLSDR LHQVLRWALG SVEIFLSRHC 

       850        860        870        880        890        900 
PIWYGYGGGL KWLERLSYIN SVVYPWTSLP LIVYCSLPAI CLLTGKFIVP EISNYASILF 

       910        920        930        940        950        960 
MALFSSIAIT GILEMQWGKV GIDDWWRNEQ FWVIGGVSAH LFALFQGLLK VLAGVDTNFT 

       970        980        990       1000       1010       1020 
VTSKAADDGE FSDLYLFKWT SLLIPPMTLL IINVIGVIVG VSDAISNGYD SWGPLFGRLF 

      1030       1040       1050       1060       1070       1080 
FALWVIIHLY PFLKGLLGKQ DRMPTIIVVW SILLASILTL LWVRVNPFVA KGGPILEICG 


LDCL

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References

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[1]	"Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. XI." Kaneko T., Katoh T., Asamizu E., Sato S., Nakamura Y., Kotani H., Tabata S. Submitted (APR-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[2]	"Large-scale analysis of RIKEN Arabidopsis full-length (RAFL) cDNAs." Totoki Y., Seki M., Ishida J., Nakajima M., Enju A., Kamiya A., Narusaka M., Shin-i T., Nakagawa M., Sakamoto N., Oishi K., Kohara Y., Kobayashi M., Toyoda A., Sakaki Y., Sakurai T., Iida K., Akiyama K. Shinozaki K. Submitted (JUL-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 1-771. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[3]	"AraxCelA, a new member of cellulose synthase gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana." Wu L., Joshi C.P., Chiang V.L. Plant Gene Register PGR98-114 Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 6-1084. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed: 14593172] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 637-1084. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[5]	"Conditional root expansion mutants of Arabidopsis." Hauser M.-T., Morikami A., Benfey P.N. Development 121:1237-1252(1995) [PubMed: 7743935] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[6]	"Procuste1 mutants identify two distinct genetic pathways controlling hypocotyl cell elongation, respectively in dark- and light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings." Desnos T., Orbovic V., Bellini C., Kronenberger J., Caboche M., Traas J., Hoefte H. Development 122:683-693(1996) [PubMed: 8625819] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[7]	"Higher plant cellulose synthases." Richmond T. Genome Biol. 1:REVIEWS3001.1-REVIEWS3001.6(2000) [PubMed: 11178255] [Abstract] Cited for: GENE FAMILY, NOMENCLATURE.
[8]	"PROCUSTE1 encodes a cellulose synthase required for normal cell elongation specifically in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls of Arabidopsis." Fagard M., Desnos T., Desprez T., Goubet F., Refregier G., Mouille G., McCann M., Rayon C., Vernhettes S., Hoefte H. Plant Cell 12:2409-2423(2000) [PubMed: 11148287] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
[9]	"Resistance against herbicide isoxaben and cellulose deficiency caused by distinct mutations in same cellulose synthase isoform CESA6." Desprez T., Vernhettes S., Fagard M., Refregier G., Desnos T., Aletti E., Py N., Pelletier S., Hoefte H. Plant Physiol. 128:482-490(2002) [PubMed: 11842152] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-1064.
[10]	"Genetic complexity of cellulose synthase A gene function in Arabidopsis embryogenesis." Beeckman T., Przemeck G.K.H., Stamatiou G., Lau R., Terryn N., De Rycke R., Inze D., Berleth T. Plant Physiol. 130:1883-1893(2002) [PubMed: 12481071] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[11]	"Visualization of cellulose synthase demonstrates functional association with microtubules." Paredez A.R., Somerville C.R., Ehrhardt D.W. Science 312:1491-1495(2006) [PubMed: 16627697] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[12]	"Genetic evidence for three unique components in primary cell-wall cellulose synthase complexes in Arabidopsis." Persson S., Paredez A., Carroll A., Palsdottir H., Doblin M., Poindexter P., Khitrov N., Auer M., Somerville C.R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:15566-15571(2007) [PubMed: 17878302] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBUNIT.
[13]	"Organization of cellulose synthase complexes involved in primary cell wall synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana." Desprez T., Juraniec M., Crowell E.F., Jouy H., Pochylova Z., Parcy F., Hoefte H., Gonneau M., Vernhettes S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:15572-15577(2007) [PubMed: 17878303] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH CESA1 AND CESA3.

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Cross-references

Sequence databases
	AB025637 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB10307.1. AK229477 mRNA. Translation: BAF01335.1. AF062485 mRNA. Translation: AAC29067.1. Different initiation. AF375439 mRNA. Translation: AAK53023.1. Frameshift. AY143957 mRNA. Translation: AAN28896.1.
IPI	IPI00534592.
PIR	T52028.
RefSeq	NP_201279.1.
UniGene	At.9777
3D structure databases
SMR	Q94JQ6. Positions 29-97.
ModBase	Search...
Protein family/group databases
CAZy	GT2. Glycosyltransferase Family 2.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q94JQ6.
Genome annotation databases
GeneID	836595.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus AT5G64740 in contig BA000015_GR.
KEGG	ath:AT5G64740.
NMPDR	fig\|3702.1.peg.28545.
Organism-specific databases
GeneFarm	5089. 484.
TAIR	At5g64740.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BRENDA	2.4.1.12. 302.
Gene expression databases
GermOnline	AT5G64740. Arabidopsis thaliana.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR005150. Cellulose_synth. IPR001841. Znf_RING. IPR017907. Znf_RING_CS. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF03552. Cellulose_synt. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00184. RING. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS00518. ZF_RING_1. False negative. PS50089. ZF_RING_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

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Entry information

Entry name

CESA6_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q94JQ6
Secondary accession number(s): O65338, Q0WNG4, Q9FGF9

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 30, 2005
Last sequence update:	August 30, 2005
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 53 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

PPAP (Plant Proteome Annotation Project)

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Relevant documents

Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana: entries and gene names

PATHWAY comments

Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin

Protein attributes

General annotation (Comments)

Ontologies

Sequence annotation (Features)

Molecule processing

Regions

Sites

Amino acid modifications

Experimental info

Sequences

References

Cross-references

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein family/group databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

Entry information

Relevant documents