Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q94JM3 (ARFB_ARATH)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Auxin response factor 2
Alternative name(s):
    ARF1-binding protein
      Short name=ARF1-BP
    Protein MEGAINTEGUMENTA

Gene names

Name:	ARF2
Synonyms:	MNT
Ordered Locus Names:	At5g62000
ORF Names:	MTG10.3

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › eurosids II › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	859 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Could act as transcriptional activator or repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Promotes flowering, stamen development, floral organ abscission and fruit dehiscence. Functions independently of ethylene and cytokinin response pathways. May act as a repressor of cell division and organ growth. Ref.8
Subunit structure	Homo and heterodimers. Interacts with ARF1. Ref.7
Subcellular location	Nucleus.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in the whole plant. Ref.7
Developmental stage	Expressed in the sepals and carpels of young flower buds. At stage 10 of flower development, expression in the carpels becomes restricted to the style. Also expressed in anthers and filaments. At stage 13, expressed in the region at the top of the pedicel, including the abscission zone. Expressed in developing siliques.
Domain	Interactions between auxin response factors (ARFs) and Aux/IAA proteins occur through their C-terminal dimerization domains III and IV.
Disruption phenotype	Large, dark green rosette leaves, delayed flowering, thick and long inflorescence, abnormal flower morphology and sterility in early formed flowers, but fertility in late-formed flowers. Delayed senescence and abscission. Increased seed size and weight, and extra cell division and expansion in many organs.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the ARF family. Contains 1 Aux/IAA-ARF domain. Contains 1 TF-B3 DNA-binding domain.
Caution	Was originally (Ref.4) erroneously termed IAA26 and IAA30.
Sequence caution	The sequence AAK55665.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at position 657. The sequence AAN46837.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at position 657.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Auxin signaling pathway Transcription Transcription regulation
Cellular component	Nucleus
Ligand	DNA-binding
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	auxin mediated signaling pathway Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW floral organ abscission Ref.9 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR fruit dehiscence Ref.9 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR leaf senescence Ref.9 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR negative regulation of cell proliferation Ref.11 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Ref.10 Traceable author statement. Source: TAIR ovule development Ref.11 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR positive regulation of flower development Ref.9 Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR transcription Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	nucleus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	DNA binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW protein dimerization activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
ASK7	Q39011	3	EBI-1799262,EBI-1798250

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 859	859	Auxin response factor 2		PRO_0000111506
Regions
	Domain	734 – 816	83	Aux/IAA-ARF
	DNA binding	164 – 266	103	TF-B3
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	491 – 492	2	RR → KK in AAC49752. Ref.5
	Sequence conflict	491 – 492	2	RR → KK in CAD29696. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	491 – 492	2	RR → KK in CAD30210. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	520	1	D → E in AAC49752. Ref.5
	Sequence conflict	520	1	D → E in CAD29696. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	520	1	D → E in CAD30210. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	596	1	V → A in BAD93968. Ref.4
	Sequence conflict	675	1	R → K in AAC49752. Ref.5
	Sequence conflict	675	1	R → K in CAD29696. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	675	1	R → K in CAD30210. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	823	1	P → Q in AAC49752. Ref.5
	Sequence conflict	823	1	P → Q in CAD29696. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	823	1	P → Q in CAD30210. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	826	1	L → V in BAD93959. Ref.4
	Sequence conflict	826	1	L → V in BAD93897. Ref.4
	Sequence conflict	826	1	L → V in BAD93891. Ref.4

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q94JM3-1 [UniParc]. Last modified April 13, 2004. Version 2. Checksum: 6B75171D7FF0E66B	FASTA	859	95,701
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MASSEVSMKG NRGGDNFSSS GFSDPKETRN VSVAGEGQKS NSTRSAAAER ALDPEAALYR 70 80 90 100 110 120 ELWHACAGPL VTVPRQDDRV FYFPQGHIEQ VEASTNQAAE QQMPLYDLPS KLLCRVINVD 130 140 150 160 170 180 LKAEADTDEV YAQITLLPEA NQDENAIEKE APLPPPPRFQ VHSFCKTLTA SDTSTHGGFS 190 200 210 220 230 240 VLRRHADECL PPLDMSRQPP TQELVAKDLH ANEWRFRHIF RGQPRRHLLQ SGWSVFVSSK 250 260 270 280 290 300 RLVAGDAFIF LRGENGELRV GVRRAMRQQG NVPSSVISSH SMHLGVLATA WHAISTGTMF 310 320 330 340 350 360 TVYYKPRTSP SEFIVPFDQY MESVKNNYSI GMRFKMRFEG EEAPEQRFTG TIVGIEESDP 370 380 390 400 410 420 TRWPKSKWRS LKVRWDETSS IPRPDRVSPW KVEPALAPPA LSPVPMPRPK RPRSNIAPSS 430 440 450 460 470 480 PDSSMLTREG TTKANMDPLP ASGLSRVLQG QEYSTLRTKH TESVECDAPE NSVVWQSSAD 490 500 510 520 530 540 DDKVDVVSGS RRYGSENWMS SARHEPTYTD LLSGFGTNID PSHGQRIPFY DHSSSPSMPA 550 560 570 580 590 600 KRILSDSEGK FDYLANQWQM IHSGLSLKLH ESPKVPAATD ASLQGRCNVK YSEYPVLNGL 610 620 630 640 650 660 STENAGGNWP IRPRALNYYE EVVNAQAQAQ AREQVTKQPF TIQEETAKSR EGNCRLFGIP 670 680 690 700 710 720 LTNNMNGTDS TMSQRNNLND AAGLTQIASP KVQDLSDQSK GSKSTNDHRE QGRPFQTNNP 730 740 750 760 770 780 HPKDAQTKTN SSRSCTKVHK QGIALGRSVD LSKFQNYEEL VAELDRLFEF NGELMAPKKD 790 800 810 820 830 840 WLIVYTDEEN DMMLVGDDPW QEFCCMVRKI FIYTKEEVRK MNPGTLSCRS EEEAVVGEGS 850 DAKDAKSASN PSLSSAGNS

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Functional genomic analysis of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR gene family members in Arabidopsis thaliana: unique and overlapping functions of ARF7 and ARF19." Okushima Y., Overvoorde P.J., Arima K., Alonso J.M., Chan A., Chang C., Ecker J.R., Hughes B., Lui A., Nguyen D., Onodera C., Quach H., Smith A., Yu G., Theologis A. Plant Cell 17:444-463(2005) [PubMed: 15659631] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[2]	"Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. VII. Sequence features of the regions of 1,013,767 bp covered by sixteen physically assigned P1 and TAC clones." Nakamura Y., Sato S., Asamizu E., Kaneko T., Kotani H., Miyajima N., Tabata S. DNA Res. 5:297-308(1998) [PubMed: 9872454] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[3]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed: 14593172] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	"Large-scale analysis of RIKEN Arabidopsis full-length (RAFL) cDNAs." Totoki Y., Seki M., Ishida J., Nakajima M., Enju A., Kamiya A., Narusaka M., Shin-i T., Nakagawa M., Sakamoto N., Oishi K., Kohara Y., Kobayashi M., Toyoda A., Sakaki Y., Sakurai T., Iida K., Akiyama K. , Satou M., Toyoda T., Konagaya A., Carninci P., Kawai J., Hayashizaki Y., Shinozaki K. Submitted (MAR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[5]	"ARF1, a transcription factor that binds to auxin response elements." Ulmasov T., Hagen G., Guilfoyle T.J. Science 276:1865-1868(1997) [PubMed: 9188533] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 394-859. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[6]	"Nucleotide sequence of the Arabidopsis IAA30." Sessa G., Carabelli M., Ciarbelli A.R., Ruzza V., Steindler C., Ruberti I. Submitted (APR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF 406-859. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[7]	"Dimerization and DNA binding of auxin response factors." Ulmasov T., Hagen G., Guilfoyle T.J. Plant J. 19:309-319(1999) [PubMed: 10476078] [Abstract] Cited for: DIMERIZATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[8]	"Auxin-responsive gene expression: genes, promoters and regulatory factors." Hagen G., Guilfoyle T.J. Plant Mol. Biol. 49:373-385(2002) [PubMed: 12036261] [Abstract] Cited for: GENE FAMILY, NOMENCLATURE, FUNCTION.
[9]	"AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR1 and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR2 regulate senescence and floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana." Ellis C.M., Nagpal P., Young J.C., Hagen G., Guilfoyle T.J., Reed J.W. Development 132:4563-4574(2005) [PubMed: 16176952] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
[10]	"AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 (ARF2): a pleiotropic developmental regulator." Okushima Y., Mitina I., Quach H.L., Theologis A. Plant J. 43:29-46(2005) [PubMed: 15960614] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
[11]	"The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 gene of Arabidopsis links auxin signalling, cell division, and the size of seeds and other organs." Schruff M.C., Spielman M., Tiwari S., Adams S., Fenby N., Scott R.J. Development 133:251-261(2006) [PubMed: 16339187] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	AY669787 mRNA. Translation: AAT67071.1. AB016880 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB10162.1. AF336918 mRNA. Translation: AAG53999.1. AF378862 mRNA. Translation: AAK55665.1. Frameshift. BT000784 mRNA. Translation: AAN31923.1. BT001072 mRNA. Translation: AAN46837.1. Frameshift. AK221252 mRNA. Translation: BAD93891.1. AK221254 mRNA. Translation: BAD93897.1. AK221274 mRNA. Translation: BAD93959.1. AK221277 mRNA. Translation: BAD93968.1. AK221282 mRNA. Translation: BAD93985.1. AK221305 mRNA. Translation: BAD94058.1. U89771 mRNA. Translation: AAC49752.1. Different initiation. AJ441313 mRNA. Translation: CAD29696.1. Different initiation. AJ458328 mRNA. Translation: CAD30210.1. Different initiation.
IPI	IPI00518739.
RefSeq	NP_201006.2. NP_851244.1. NP_974980.1.
UniGene	At.21704
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q94JM3. 2 interactions.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q94JM3.
Genome annotation databases
GeneID	836321.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus AT5G62000 in contig BA000015_GR.
KEGG	ath:AT5G62000.
NMPDR	fig|3702.1.peg.28232.
Organism-specific databases
GeneFarm	3364. 345.
TAIR	At5g62000.
Phylogenomic databases
OMA	Q94JM3. ATAWHAI.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q94JM3.
GermOnline	AT5G62000. Arabidopsis thaliana.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR003311. AUX_IAA. IPR011525. AuxIAA_ARF_dimer. IPR010525. Auxin_resp. IPR003340. TF_B3. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF02309. AUX_IAA. 1 hit. PF06507. Auxin_resp. 1 hit. PF02362. B3. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS50863. B3. 1 hit. PS50962. IAA_ARF. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

ARFB_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q94JM3
Secondary accession number(s): O23671 , Q56YL7, Q56YP4, Q56YR7, Q9C5W5, Q9FIT6

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 13, 2004
Last sequence update:	April 13, 2004
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 56 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

PPAP (Plant Proteome Annotation Project)