Q93ZB2 (KO1_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Ent-kaurene oxidase, chloroplastic
Short name=AtKO1
EC=1.14.13.78

Alternative name(s):
Cytochrome P450 701A3

Gene names

Name:	KO1
Synonyms:	CYP701A3, GA3
Ordered Locus Names:	At5g25900
ORF Names:	T1N24.23

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	509 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Catalyzes three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene giving kaurenoic acid, a key step in gibberellins (GAs) biosynthesis. GAs, which are involved many processes, including stem elongation, play a central role in plant development. Ref.1 Ref.8
Catalytic activity	Ent-kaur-16-ene + NADPH + O2 = ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol + NADP+ + H2O. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol + NADPH + O2 = ent-kaur-16-en-19-al + NADP+ + 2 H2O. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ent-kaur-16-en-19-al + NADPH + O2 = ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + NADP+ + H2O. Ref.1 Ref.5
Cofactor	Heme group By similarity.
Pathway	Plant hormone biosynthesis; gibberellin biosynthesis.
Subcellular location	Plastid › chloroplast outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Ref.6.
Tissue specificity	Widely expressed. Highly expressed in influorescence tissues. In germinating seeds, it is mainly localized in the cortex and endodermis of embryo axis. Ref.1 Ref.7
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.
Biophysicochemical properties	Kinetic parameters: KM=1.8 µM for ent-kaurene Ref.8 KM=6 µM for ent-kaurenol KM=1.9 µM for ent-kaurenal KM=10 µM for ent-isokaurene KM=28 µM for ent-beyerene
Sequence caution	The sequence AAL15302.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at position 281.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Chloroplast Membrane Plastid Plastid outer membrane
Domain	Transmembrane Transmembrane helix
Ligand	Heme Iron Metal-binding NADP
Molecular function	Monooxygenase Oxidoreductase
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	ent-kaurene oxidation to kaurenoic acid Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.1. Source: TAIR gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: TAIR gibberellin biosynthetic process Inferred from direct assay Ref.5. Source: TAIR
Cellular component	chloroplast outer membrane Inferred from direct assay Ref.6. Source: TAIR endoplasmic reticulum Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular function	electron carrier activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro ent-kaur-16-en-19-al oxidase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol oxidase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC ent-kaurene oxidase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC heme binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 509	509	Ent-kaurene oxidase, chloroplastic		PRO_0000052181
Regions
	Topological domain	1 – 2	2	Chloroplast intermembrane Potential
	Transmembrane	3 – 23	21	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	24 – 509	486	Cytoplasmic Potential
Sites
	Metal binding	454	1	Iron (heme axial ligand) By similarity
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	97	1	A → G in AAC39507. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q93ZB2 [UniParc]. Last modified July 19, 2004. Version 2. Checksum: A84F7E2C78F0E83F	FASTA	509	58,160
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAFFSMISIL LGFVISSFIF IFFFKKLLSF SRKNMSEVST LPSVPVVPGF PVIGNLLQLK 70 80 90 100 110 120 EKKPHKTFTR WSEIYGPIYS IKMGSSSLIV LNSTETAKEA MVTRFSSIST RKLSNALTVL 130 140 150 160 170 180 TCDKSMVATS DYDDFHKLVK RCLLNGLLGA NAQKRKRHYR DALIENVSSK LHAHARDHPQ 190 200 210 220 230 240 EPVNFRAIFE HELFGVALKQ AFGKDVESIY VKELGVTLSK DEIFKVLVHD MMEGAIDVDW 250 260 270 280 290 300 RDFFPYLKWI PNKSFEARIQ QKHKRRLAVM NALIQDRLKQ NGSESDDDCY LNFLMSEAKT 310 320 330 340 350 360 LTKEQIAILV WETIIETADT TLVTTEWAIY ELAKHPSVQD RLCKEIQNVC GGEKFKEEQL 370 380 390 400 410 420 SQVPYLNGVF HETLRKYSPA PLVPIRYAHE DTQIGGYHVP AGSEIAINIY GCNMDKKRWE 430 440 450 460 470 480 RPEDWWPERF LDDGKYETSD LHKTMAFGAG KRVCAGALQA SLMAGIAIGR LVQEFEWKLR 490 500 DGEEENVDTY GLTSQKLYPL MAIINPRRS

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Cloning of the Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase gene GA3." Helliwell C.A., Sheldon C.C., Olive M.R., Walker A.R., Zeevaart J.A.D., Peacock W.J., Dennis E.S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:9019-9024(1998) [PubMed: 9671797] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA], FUNCTION, ENZYME ACTIVITY, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Strain: cv. Columbia and cv. Landsberg erecta. Tissue: Silique.
[2]	"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 5 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Tabata S., Kaneko T., Nakamura Y., Kotani H., Kato T., Asamizu E., Miyajima N., Sasamoto S., Kimura T., Hosouchi T., Kawashima K., Kohara M., Matsumoto M., Matsuno A., Muraki A., Nakayama S., Nakazaki N., Naruo K. , Okumura S., Shinpo S., Takeuchi C., Wada T., Watanabe A., Yamada M., Yasuda M., Sato S., de la Bastide M., Huang E., Spiegel L., Gnoj L., O'Shaughnessy A., Preston R., Habermann K., Murray J., Johnson D., Rohlfing T., Nelson J., Stoneking T., Pepin K., Spieth J., Sekhon M., Armstrong J., Becker M., Belter E., Cordum H., Cordes M., Courtney L., Courtney W., Dante M., Du H., Edwards J., Fryman J., Haakensen B., Lamar E., Latreille P., Leonard S., Meyer R., Mulvaney E., Ozersky P., Riley A., Strowmatt C., Wagner-McPherson C., Wollam A., Yoakum M., Bell M., Dedhia N., Parnell L., Shah R., Rodriguez M., Hoon See L., Vil D., Baker J., Kirchoff K., Toth K., King L., Bahret A., Miller B., Marra M.A., Martienssen R., McCombie W.R., Wilson R.K., Murphy G., Bancroft I., Volckaert G., Wambutt R., Duesterhoeft A., Stiekema W., Pohl T., Entian K.-D., Terryn N., Hartley N., Bent E., Johnson S., Langham S.-A., McCullagh B., Robben J., Grymonprez B., Zimmermann W., Ramsperger U., Wedler H., Balke K., Wedler E., Peters S., van Staveren M., Dirkse W., Mooijman P., Klein Lankhorst R., Weitzenegger T., Bothe G., Rose M., Hauf J., Berneiser S., Hempel S., Feldpausch M., Lamberth S., Villarroel R., Gielen J., Ardiles W., Bents O., Lemcke K., Kolesov G., Mayer K.F.X., Rudd S., Schoof H., Schueller C., Zaccaria P., Mewes H.-W., Bevan M., Fransz P.F. Nature 408:823-826(2000) [PubMed: 11130714] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[3]	The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed: 14593172] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[5]	"Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase catalyzes three steps of gibberellin biosynthesis." Helliwell C.A., Poole A., Peacock W.J., Dennis E.S. Plant Physiol. 119:507-510(1999) [PubMed: 9952446] [Abstract] Cited for: CATALYTIC ACTIVITY.
[6]	"A plastid envelope location of Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase links the plastid and endoplasmic reticulum steps of the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway." Helliwell C.A., Sullivan J.A., Mould R.M., Gray J.C., Peacock W.J., Dennis E.S. Plant J. 28:201-208(2001) [PubMed: 11722763] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[7]	"Distinct cell-specific expression patterns of early and late gibberellin biosynthetic genes during Arabidopsis seed germination." Yamaguchi S., Kamiya Y., Sun T.-P. Plant J. 28:443-453(2001) [PubMed: 11737781] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[8]	"Characterization of the kaurene oxidase CYP701A3, a multifunctional cytochrome P450 from gibberellin biosynthesis." Morrone D., Chen X., Coates R.M., Peters R.J. Biochem. J. 431:337-344(2010) [PubMed: 20698828] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF047719 mRNA. Translation: AAC39505.1. AF047720 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC39506.1. AF047721 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC39507.1. AF149413 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD40137.1. CP002688 Genomic DNA. Translation: AED93499.1. AY057671 mRNA. Translation: AAL15302.1. Frameshift.
IPI	IPI00522975.
PIR	T51806.
RefSeq	NP_197962.1. NM_122491.2.
UniGene	At.10791.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q93ZB2.
SMR	Q93ZB2. Positions 41-507.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	Q93ZB2.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q93ZB2.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblPlants	AT5G25900.1; AT5G25900.1; AT5G25900.
GeneID	832659.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus AT5G25900 in contig BA000015_GR.
KEGG	ath:AT5G25900.
NMPDR	fig|3702.1.peg.24790.
Organism-specific databases
GeneFarm	1435. 94.
TAIR	At5g25900.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	KOG0156.
GeneTree	EPGT00050000003615.
HOGENOM	HBG749920.
InParanoid	Q93ZB2.
OMA	WETIIET.
PhylomeDB	Q93ZB2.
ProtClustDB	PLN02655.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyc	MetaCyc:AT5G25900-MONOMER.
BRENDA	1.14.13.78. 399.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q93ZB2.
Genevestigator	Q93ZB2.
GermOnline	AT5G25900. Arabidopsis thaliana.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR001128. Cyt_P450. IPR017972. Cyt_P450_CS. IPR002401. Cyt_P450_E_grp-I. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:1.10.630.10. Cyt_P450. 1 hit.
KO	K04122.
Pfam	PF00067. p450. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00463. EP450I.
SUPFAM	SSF48264. Cytochrome_P450. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS00086. CYTOCHROME_P450. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

KO1_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q93ZB2
Secondary accession number(s): O81188, Q9S7C8

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 19, 2004
Last sequence update:	July 19, 2004
Last modified:	December 14, 2011
This is version 75 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program