Q92934 (BAD_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 138.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Bcl2 antagonist of cell death Short name=BAD Alternative name(s): Bcl-2-binding component 6 Bcl-2-like protein 8 Short name=Bcl2-L-8 Bcl-XL/Bcl-2-associated death promoter | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 168 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Promotes cell death. Successfully competes for the binding to Bcl-X(L), Bcl-2 and Bcl-W, thereby affecting the level of heterodimerization of these proteins with BAX. Can reverse the death repressor activity of Bcl-X(L), but not that of Bcl-2 By similarity. Appears to act as a link between growth factor receptor signaling and the apoptotic pathways. |
| Subunit structure | Forms heterodimers with the anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-X(L), Bcl-2 and Bcl-W. Also binds protein S100A10 By similarity. The Ser-75/Ser-99 phosphorylated form binds 14-3-3 proteins By similarity. Interacts with AKT1 and PIM3. Ref.4 Ref.11 Ref.15 |
| Subcellular location | Mitochondrion outer membrane. Cytoplasm. Note: Upon phosphorylation, locates to the cytoplasm. |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in a wide variety of tissues. |
| Domain | Intact BH3 motif is required by BIK, BID, BAK, BAD and BAX for their pro-apoptotic activity and for their interaction with anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylated on one or more of Ser-75, Ser-99, Ser-118 and Ser-134 in response to survival stimuli, which blocks its pro-apoptotic activity. Phosphorylation on Ser-99 or Ser-75 promotes heterodimerization with 14-3-3 proteins. This interaction then facilitates the phosphorylation at Ser-118, a site within the BH3 motif, leading to the release of Bcl-X(L) and the promotion of cell survival. Ser-99 is the major site of AKT/PKB phosphorylation, Ser-118 the major site of protein kinase A (CAPK) phosphorylation. Phosphorylation at Ser-99 by PKB/AKT1 is almost completely blocked by the apoptotic C-terminus cleavage product of PKN2 generated by caspases-3 activity during apoptosis. Ref.2 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Methylation at Arg-94 and Arg-96 by PRMT1 inhibits Akt-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-99. Ref.18 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence AAB36516.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at positions 64 and 91. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCL2 | P10415 | 5 | EBI-700771,EBI-77694 | |
| BCL2L1 | Q07817-1 | 6 | EBI-700771,EBI-287195 | |
| BNIP3L | O60238 | 2 | EBI-700771,EBI-849893 |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 168 | 168 | Bcl2 antagonist of cell death | PRO_0000143103 | |||||||||
Regions | |||||||||||||
| Motif | 110 – 124 | 15 | BH3 | ||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 75 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by PKA, PKB, PIM2, PIM3, PAK1, PAK2, PAK4, PAK7/PAK5, RPS6KA1 and RAF1 By similarity | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 91 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.17 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 94 | 1 | Asymmetric dimethylarginine; by PRMT1 Ref.18 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 96 | 1 | Asymmetric dimethylarginine; by PRMT1 Ref.18 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 99 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by PKA, PKB, PAK1, RPS6KA1, RPS6KB1 and PKC/PRKCQ; alternate By similarity | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 99 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by PKB/AKT1; alternate Ref.11 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 118 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.16 Ref.17 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 134 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 107 | 1 | A → S. Corresponds to variant rs3729933 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_015380 | |||||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 94 | 1 | R → K: Decreased methylation; when associated with K-96. Ref.18 | ||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 96 | 1 | R → K: Decreased methylation; when associated with K-94. Ref.18 | ||||||||||
Secondary structure | |||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | |||||||||||||
| Helix | 106 – 121 | 16 | |||||||||||
| Beta strand | 123 – 125 | 3 | |||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "A human protein that interacts with Bcl-2 and have homology to mouse BAD." Yin D.X., Li Z., Huang B., Chen S., Zhou H. Submitted (NOV-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. |
| [2] | "Bcl-2 targets the protein kinase Raf-1 to mitochondria." Wang H.-G., Rapp U.R., Reed J.C. Cell 87:629-638(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PHOSPHORYLATION BY RAF-1. |
| [3] | Takayama S., Reed J.C. Submitted (OCT-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. |
| [4] | "Dimerization properties of human BAD. Identification of a BH-3 domain and analysis of its binding to mutant BCL-2 and BCL-XL proteins." Ottilie S., Diaz J.-L., Horne W., Chang J., Wang Y., Wilson G., Chang S., Weeks S., Fritz L.C., Oltersdorf T. J. Biol. Chem. 272:30866-30872(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], DIMERIZATION. Tissue: Bone marrow. |
| [5] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Skeletal muscle. |
| [6] | "Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)." Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B. Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. |
| [7] | "Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector." Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A. Submitted (OCT-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. |
| [8] | "Human protein factory for converting the transcriptome into an in vitro-expressed proteome." Goshima N., Kawamura Y., Fukumoto A., Miura A., Honma R., Satoh R., Wakamatsu A., Yamamoto J., Kimura K., Nishikawa T., Andoh T., Iida Y., Ishikawa K., Ito E., Kagawa N., Kaminaga C., Kanehori K., Kawakami B. Nomura N.Nat. Methods 5:1011-1017(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. |
| [9] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [10] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Lung. |
| [11] | "Inhibition of Akt and its anti-apoptotic activities by tumor necrosis factor-induced protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2) cleavage." Koh H., Lee K.H., Kim D., Kim S., Kim J.W., Chung J. J. Biol. Chem. 275:34451-34458(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH AKT1, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-99. |
| [12] | "The serine/threonine kinase PAK4 prevents caspase activation and protects cells from apoptosis." Gnesutta N., Qu J., Minden A. J. Biol. Chem. 276:14414-14419(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-75. |
| [13] | "p21-Activated kinase 5 (Pak5) localizes to mitochondria and inhibits apoptosis by phosphorylating BAD." Cotteret S., Jaffer Z.M., Beeser A., Chernoff J. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23:5526-5539(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-75. |
| [14] | "Pim-3, a proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity, is aberrantly expressed in human pancreatic cancer and phosphorylates bad to block bad-mediated apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines." Li Y.Y., Popivanova B.K., Nagai Y., Ishikura H., Fujii C., Mukaida N. Cancer Res. 66:6741-6747(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-75. |
| [15] | "Proto-oncogene, Pim-3 with serine/threonine kinase activity, is aberrantly expressed in human colon cancer cells and can prevent Bad-mediated apoptosis." Popivanova B.K., Li Y.Y., Zheng H., Omura K., Fujii C., Tsuneyama K., Mukaida N. Cancer Sci. 98:321-328(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH PIM3. |
| [16] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-118, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [17] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-91 AND SER-118, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell. |
| [18] | "Arginine methylation of BCL-2 antagonist of cell death (BAD) counteracts its phosphorylation and inactivation by Akt." Sakamaki J., Daitoku H., Ueno K., Hagiwara A., Yamagata K., Fukamizu A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108:6085-6090(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: METHYLATION AT ARG-94 AND ARG-96 BY PRMT1, MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-94 AND ARG-96. |
| [19] | "Rationale for Bcl-xL/Bad peptide complex formation from structure, mutagenesis, and biophysical studies." Petros A.M., Nettesheim D.G., Wang Y., Olejniczak E.T., Meadows R.P., Mack J., Swift K., Matayoshi E.D., Zhang H., Thompson C.B., Fesik S.W. Protein Sci. 9:2528-2534(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 103-127. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
| Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology |
| Wikipedia Bcl 2-associated death promoter entry |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | U66879 mRNA. Translation: AAB36516.1. Frameshift. AF021792 mRNA. Translation: AAB72092.1. AF031523 mRNA. Translation: AAB88124.1. AK291863 mRNA. Translation: BAF84552.1. BT006678 mRNA. Translation: AAP35324.1. CR541935 mRNA. Translation: CAG46733.1. CR541959 mRNA. Translation: CAG46757.1. AB451254 mRNA. Translation: BAG70068.1. AB451378 mRNA. Translation: BAG70192.1. CH471076 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW74235.1. BC001901 mRNA. Translation: AAH01901.1. BC095431 mRNA. Translation: AAH95431.1. | ||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00024291. | ||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_004313.1. NM_004322.3. NP_116784.1. NM_032989.2. | ||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.370254. | ||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
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| ProteinModelPortal | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||
| DIP | DIP-29184N. | ||||||||||||
| IntAct | Q92934. 19 interactions. | ||||||||||||
| MINT | MINT-216253. | ||||||||||||
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000309103. | ||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
Polymorphism databases | |||||||||||||
| DMDM | 17371773. | ||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||
| PaxDb | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
| PeptideAtlas | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
| PRIDE | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||
| DNASU | 572. | ||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000309032; ENSP00000309103; ENSG00000002330. ENST00000394532; ENSP00000378040; ENSG00000002330. | ||||||||||||
| GeneID | 572. | ||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:572. | ||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc001nzc.3. human. | ||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||
| CTD | 572. | ||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC11M064037. | ||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:936. BAD. | ||||||||||||
| HPA | CAB004205. HPA028185. | ||||||||||||
| MIM | 603167. gene. | ||||||||||||
| neXtProt | NX_Q92934. | ||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA25236. | ||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||
| eggNOG | NOG43412. | ||||||||||||
| HOGENOM | HOG000095169. | ||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG001653. | ||||||||||||
| InParanoid | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
| KO | K02158. | ||||||||||||
| OMA | SMFQIPE. | ||||||||||||
| OrthoDB | EOG42RD8W. | ||||||||||||
| PhylomeDB | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
Enzyme and pathway databases | |||||||||||||
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | alphasynuclein_pathway. Alpha-synuclein signaling. ceramidepathway. Ceramide signaling pathway. pi3kciaktpathway. Class I PI3K signaling events mediated by Akt. igf1_pathway. IGF1 pathway. p75ntrpathway. p75(NTR)-mediated signaling. nfat_3pathway. Role of Calcineurin-dependent NFAT signaling in lymphocytes. met_pathway. Signaling events activated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (c-Met). kitpathway. Signaling events mediated by Stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit). pi3kplctrkpathway. Trk receptor signaling mediated by PI3K and PLC-gamma. | ||||||||||||
| Reactome | REACT_111102. Signal Transduction. REACT_116125. Disease. REACT_578. Apoptosis. REACT_6900. Immune System. | ||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
| Bgee | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_BAD. | ||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000002330. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR018868. Bcl-2_BAD. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF10514. Bcl-2_BAD. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS01259. BH3. False negative. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||
| BindingDB | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL3817. | ||||||||||||
| ChiTaRS | BAD. human. | ||||||||||||
| EvolutionaryTrace | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
| GenomeRNAi | 572. | ||||||||||||
| NextBio | 2331. | ||||||||||||
| PMAP-CutDB | Q92934. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | BAD_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q92934 Secondary accession number(s): O14803, Q6FH21 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 11 Human chromosome 11: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
