ID EPM2A_RAT Reviewed; 331 AA. AC Q91XQ2; F1LPW7; DT 19-JUL-2004, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 16-APR-2014, sequence version 2. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 143. DE RecName: Full=Laforin; DE EC=3.1.3.- {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WUA5}; DE EC=3.1.3.16; DE EC=3.1.3.48 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278}; DE AltName: Full=Glucan phosphatase; DE AltName: Full=Lafora PTPase; DE Short=LAFPTPase; GN Name=Epm2a; OS Rattus norvegicus (Rat). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; OC Murinae; Rattus. OX NCBI_TaxID=10116; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=Brown Norway; RX PubMed=15057822; DOI=10.1038/nature02426; RA Gibbs R.A., Weinstock G.M., Metzker M.L., Muzny D.M., Sodergren E.J., RA Scherer S., Scott G., Steffen D., Worley K.C., Burch P.E., Okwuonu G., RA Hines S., Lewis L., Deramo C., Delgado O., Dugan-Rocha S., Miner G., RA Morgan M., Hawes A., Gill R., Holt R.A., Adams M.D., Amanatides P.G., RA Baden-Tillson H., Barnstead M., Chin S., Evans C.A., Ferriera S., RA Fosler C., Glodek A., Gu Z., Jennings D., Kraft C.L., Nguyen T., RA Pfannkoch C.M., Sitter C., Sutton G.G., Venter J.C., Woodage T., Smith D., RA Lee H.-M., Gustafson E., Cahill P., Kana A., Doucette-Stamm L., RA Weinstock K., Fechtel K., Weiss R.B., Dunn D.M., Green E.D., RA Blakesley R.W., Bouffard G.G., De Jong P.J., Osoegawa K., Zhu B., Marra M., RA Schein J., Bosdet I., Fjell C., Jones S., Krzywinski M., Mathewson C., RA Siddiqui A., Wye N., McPherson J., Zhao S., Fraser C.M., Shetty J., RA Shatsman S., Geer K., Chen Y., Abramzon S., Nierman W.C., Havlak P.H., RA Chen R., Durbin K.J., Egan A., Ren Y., Song X.-Z., Li B., Liu Y., Qin X., RA Cawley S., Cooney A.J., D'Souza L.M., Martin K., Wu J.Q., RA Gonzalez-Garay M.L., Jackson A.R., Kalafus K.J., McLeod M.P., RA Milosavljevic A., Virk D., Volkov A., Wheeler D.A., Zhang Z., Bailey J.A., RA Eichler E.E., Tuzun E., Birney E., Mongin E., Ureta-Vidal A., Woodwark C., RA Zdobnov E., Bork P., Suyama M., Torrents D., Alexandersson M., Trask B.J., RA Young J.M., Huang H., Wang H., Xing H., Daniels S., Gietzen D., Schmidt J., RA Stevens K., Vitt U., Wingrove J., Camara F., Mar Alba M., Abril J.F., RA Guigo R., Smit A., Dubchak I., Rubin E.M., Couronne O., Poliakov A., RA Huebner N., Ganten D., Goesele C., Hummel O., Kreitler T., Lee Y.-A., RA Monti J., Schulz H., Zimdahl H., Himmelbauer H., Lehrach H., Jacob H.J., RA Bromberg S., Gullings-Handley J., Jensen-Seaman M.I., Kwitek A.E., RA Lazar J., Pasko D., Tonellato P.J., Twigger S., Ponting C.P., Duarte J.M., RA Rice S., Goodstadt L., Beatson S.A., Emes R.D., Winter E.E., Webber C., RA Brandt P., Nyakatura G., Adetobi M., Chiaromonte F., Elnitski L., RA Eswara P., Hardison R.C., Hou M., Kolbe D., Makova K., Miller W., RA Nekrutenko A., Riemer C., Schwartz S., Taylor J., Yang S., Zhang Y., RA Lindpaintner K., Andrews T.D., Caccamo M., Clamp M., Clarke L., Curwen V., RA Durbin R.M., Eyras E., Searle S.M., Cooper G.M., Batzoglou S., Brudno M., RA Sidow A., Stone E.A., Payseur B.A., Bourque G., Lopez-Otin C., Puente X.S., RA Chakrabarti K., Chatterji S., Dewey C., Pachter L., Bray N., Yap V.B., RA Caspi A., Tesler G., Pevzner P.A., Haussler D., Roskin K.M., Baertsch R., RA Clawson H., Furey T.S., Hinrichs A.S., Karolchik D., Kent W.J., RA Rosenbloom K.R., Trumbower H., Weirauch M., Cooper D.N., Stenson P.D., RA Ma B., Brent M., Arumugam M., Shteynberg D., Copley R.R., Taylor M.S., RA Riethman H., Mudunuri U., Peterson J., Guyer M., Felsenfeld A., Old S., RA Mockrin S., Collins F.S.; RT "Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian RT evolution."; RL Nature 428:493-521(2004). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RA Mural R.J., Adams M.D., Myers E.W., Smith H.O., Venter J.C.; RL Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 5-331, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RC STRAIN=Sprague-Dawley; TISSUE=Brain cortex; RX PubMed=11355878; DOI=10.1006/bbrc.2001.4914; RA Ganesh S., Agarwala K.L., Amano K., Suzuki T., Delgado-Escueta A.V., RA Yamakawa K.; RT "Regional and developmental expression of Epm2a gene and its evolutionary RT conservation."; RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 283:1046-1053(2001). CC -!- FUNCTION: Plays an important role in preventing glycogen CC hyperphosphorylation and the formation of insoluble aggregates, via its CC activity as glycogen phosphatase, and by promoting the ubiquitination CC of proteins involved in glycogen metabolism via its interaction with CC the E3 ubiquitin ligase NHLRC1/malin. Dephosphorylates phosphotyrosine CC and synthetic substrates, such as para-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP), and CC has low activity with phosphoserine and phosphothreonine substrates (in CC vitro). Has also been shown to dephosphorylate MAPT. Shows strong CC phosphatase activity towards complex carbohydrates in vitro, avoiding CC glycogen hyperphosphorylation which is associated with reduced CC branching and formation of insoluble aggregates. Forms a complex with CC NHLRC1/malin and HSP70, which suppresses the cellular toxicity of CC misfolded proteins by promoting their degradation through the CC ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Acts as a scaffold protein to CC facilitate PPP1R3C/PTG ubiquitination by NHLRC1/malin. Also promotes CC proteasome-independent protein degradation through the macroautophagy CC pathway. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WUA5}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + O-phospho-L-tyrosyl-[protein] = L-tyrosyl-[protein] + CC phosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:10684, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10136, Rhea:RHEA- CC COMP:10137, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, ChEBI:CHEBI:46858, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:82620; EC=3.1.3.48; Evidence={ECO:0000255|PROSITE- CC ProRule:PRU10044}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] = L-seryl-[protein] + CC phosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:20629, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9863, Rhea:RHEA- CC COMP:11604, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:29999, ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:83421; EC=3.1.3.16; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + O-phospho-L-threonyl-[protein] = L-threonyl-[protein] + CC phosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:47004, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11060, Rhea:RHEA- CC COMP:11605, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:30013, ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:61977; EC=3.1.3.16; CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. Interacts with itself. Interacts with PPP1R3B, CC PPP1R3C, PPP1R3D, HIRIP5, and EPM2AIP1. Binds glycogen and Lafora CC bodies. Interacts with NHLRC1/malin (via the NHL repeats). Forms a CC complex with NHLRC1/malin and HSP70. Interacts with PPP1R3D; in the CC presence of NHLC1/malin the interaction leads to ubiquitination and CC autophagic degradation of PPP1R3D. Interacts (via the phosphatase CC domain) with MAPT/Tau; the interaction dephosphorylates MAPT. Interacts CC with PRDM8. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278}. CC Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278}; CC Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278}; Cytoplasmic CC side {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278}. Cell membrane CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278}. Note=Colocalizes with glycogen synthase CC in punctate structures in the cytoplasm. Primarily associated with CC polyribosomes at the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and also detected at CC the plasma membrane. Under glycogenolytic conditions localizes to the CC nucleus. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278}. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11355878}. CC -!- DOMAIN: The CBM20 domain mediates binding to cytoplasmic glycogen and CC to Lafora polyglucosan bodies. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278}. CC -!- PTM: Polyubiquitinated by NHLRC1/malin. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278}. CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylation on Ser-25 by AMPK affects the phosphatase activity CC of the enzyme and its ability to homodimerize and interact with NHLRC1, CC PPP1R3C or PRKAA2. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. CC {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; AABR06000316; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AABR06000317; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AABR06000318; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AABR06000319; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AABR06000320; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AABR06000321; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AABR06000322; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AABR06000323; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AABR06000324; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AABR06000325; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AABR06000326; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AABR06000327; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AABR06000328; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH473994; EDL93717.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AF347030; AAK60619.1; -; mRNA. DR RefSeq; NP_001263691.1; NM_001276762.1. DR AlphaFoldDB; Q91XQ2; -. DR SMR; Q91XQ2; -. DR BioGRID; 250254; 1. DR STRING; 10116.ENSRNOP00000058646; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q91XQ2; -. DR PaxDb; 10116-ENSRNOP00000058646; -. DR PeptideAtlas; Q91XQ2; -. DR Ensembl; ENSRNOT00000099572.1; ENSRNOP00000076978.1; ENSRNOG00000040242.5. DR Ensembl; ENSRNOT00055002894; ENSRNOP00055002176; ENSRNOG00055001787. DR Ensembl; ENSRNOT00060008042; ENSRNOP00060006018; ENSRNOG00060004833. DR Ensembl; ENSRNOT00065043273; ENSRNOP00065035469; ENSRNOG00065025151. DR GeneID; 114005; -. DR KEGG; rno:114005; -. DR AGR; RGD:71047; -. DR CTD; 7957; -. DR RGD; 71047; Epm2a. DR eggNOG; KOG1716; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00390000010101; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_076792_0_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; Q91XQ2; -. DR OrthoDB; 351254at2759; -. DR TreeFam; TF332841; -. DR PRO; PR:Q91XQ2; -. DR Proteomes; UP000002494; Chromosome 1. DR Proteomes; UP000234681; Chromosome 1. DR Bgee; ENSRNOG00000040242; Expressed in quadriceps femoris and 17 other cell types or tissues. DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0098554; C:cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0098556; C:cytoplasmic side of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0030425; C:dendrite; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0043204; C:perikaryon; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0005844; C:polysome; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0030246; F:carbohydrate binding; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0019203; F:carbohydrate phosphatase activity; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0004373; F:glycogen (starch) synthase activity; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:2001069; F:glycogen binding; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0042802; F:identical protein binding; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0017018; F:myosin phosphatase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-EC. DR GO; GO:0016791; F:phosphatase activity; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0004721; F:phosphoprotein phosphatase activity; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0030247; F:polysaccharide binding; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0042803; F:protein homodimerization activity; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0004722; F:protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0004725; F:protein tyrosine phosphatase activity; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0008138; F:protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:2001070; F:starch binding; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0000045; P:autophagosome assembly; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0006914; P:autophagy; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0006816; P:calcium ion transport; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0046835; P:carbohydrate phosphorylation; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0016311; P:dephosphorylation; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0014009; P:glial cell proliferation; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0005978; P:glycogen biosynthetic process; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0005977; P:glycogen metabolic process; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0046959; P:habituation; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0015813; P:L-glutamate transmembrane transport; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0043170; P:macromolecule metabolic process; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0007005; P:mitochondrion organization; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0045786; P:negative regulation of cell cycle; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0010629; P:negative regulation of gene expression; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0033137; P:negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0032007; P:negative regulation of TOR signaling; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0007399; P:nervous system development; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0016239; P:positive regulation of macroautophagy; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0043161; P:proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0001558; P:regulation of cell growth; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0010468; P:regulation of gene expression; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0042325; P:regulation of phosphorylation; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0061136; P:regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0042306; P:regulation of protein import into nucleus; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:1903076; P:regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0001932; P:regulation of protein phosphorylation; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0031396; P:regulation of protein ubiquitination; ISO:RGD. DR GO; GO:0016055; P:Wnt signaling pathway; ISO:RGD. DR CDD; cd05806; CBM20_laforin; 1. DR CDD; cd14526; DSP_laforin-like; 1. DR Gene3D; 2.60.40.10; Immunoglobulins; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.90.190.10; Protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily; 1. DR InterPro; IPR013784; Carb-bd-like_fold. DR InterPro; IPR034831; CBM20_laforin. DR InterPro; IPR002044; CBM_fam20. DR InterPro; IPR045204; DSP_laforin-like. DR InterPro; IPR000340; Dual-sp_phosphatase_cat-dom. DR InterPro; IPR013783; Ig-like_fold. DR InterPro; IPR042942; Laforin. DR InterPro; IPR029021; Prot-tyrosine_phosphatase-like. DR InterPro; IPR016130; Tyr_Pase_AS. DR InterPro; IPR000387; Tyr_Pase_dom. DR InterPro; IPR020422; TYR_PHOSPHATASE_DUAL_dom. DR PANTHER; PTHR46864; LAFORIN; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR46864:SF1; LAFORIN; 1. DR Pfam; PF00782; DSPc; 1. DR SMART; SM01065; CBM_2; 1. DR SMART; SM00195; DSPc; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF52799; (Phosphotyrosine protein) phosphatases II; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF49452; Starch-binding domain-like; 1. DR PROSITE; PS51166; CBM20; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00383; TYR_PHOSPHATASE_1; 1. DR PROSITE; PS50056; TYR_PHOSPHATASE_2; 1. DR PROSITE; PS50054; TYR_PHOSPHATASE_DUAL; 1. PE 2: Evidence at transcript level; KW Autophagy; Carbohydrate metabolism; Cell membrane; Cytoplasm; KW Endoplasmic reticulum; Glycogen metabolism; Hydrolase; Membrane; KW Phosphoprotein; Protein phosphatase; Reference proteome; Ubl conjugation. FT CHAIN 1..331 FT /note="Laforin" FT /id="PRO_0000094840" FT DOMAIN 1..124 FT /note="CBM20" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00594" FT DOMAIN 156..323 FT /note="Tyrosine-protein phosphatase" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00160" FT MOTIF 266..272 FT /note="Glucan phosphatase signature motif CXAGXGR" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278" FT ACT_SITE 266 FT /note="Phosphocysteine intermediate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00160" FT BINDING 32 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278" FT BINDING 87 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278" FT BINDING 103..107 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278" FT BINDING 197 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278" FT BINDING 235 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278" FT BINDING 241 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278" FT BINDING 267..272 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278" FT BINDING 304 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278" FT SITE 329 FT /note="Required for homodimerization" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278" FT MOD_RES 25 FT /note="Phosphoserine; by AMPK" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O95278" FT CONFLICT 9..10 FT /note="VP -> DQ (in Ref. 3; AAK60619)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" SQ SEQUENCE 331 AA; 37144 MW; C97D07AA55A534FC CRC64; MLFRFGVVVP PAVAGTRLEL LLAGSRPELG RWEPRGAVRL RPAGTAAGAA ALALQEPGLW LAEVELAPEE EAADGAEPGR IDTFWYKFLQ REPGGELHWE GNGPHHDRCC TYNENNLVDG VYCLPVGHWI EATGHTNEMK HTTDFYFNIA GHQAMHYSRI LPNIWLGSCP RQLEHVTIKL KHELGITAVM NFQTEWDIIQ NSSGCNRYPE PMTPDTMMKL YKEEGLAYIW MPTPDMSTEG RVQMLPQAVC LLHALLENGH TVYVHCNAGV GRSTAAVCGW LHYVIGWSLR KVQYFIMAKR PAVYIDEEAL AQAQQDFFQK FGKVHSSICT L //