Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q8QZ73 (POLN_MAYAB)

Names and origin

Protein names	Recommended name:     Non-structural polyprotein Alternative name(s):     Polyprotein nsP1234       Short name=P1234 Cleaved into the following 7 chains:     1- Recommended name:             P123     2- Recommended name:             P123'     3- Recommended name:             mRNA-capping enzyme nsP1               EC=2.1.1.-               EC=2.7.7.-         Alternative name(s):             Non-structural protein 1     4- Recommended name:             Protease/triphosphatase/NTPase/helicase nsP2               EC=3.4.22.-               EC=3.1.3.33               EC=3.6.1.15               EC=3.6.1.-         Alternative name(s):             Non-structural protein 2               Short name=nsP2     5- Recommended name:             Non-structural protein 3                 Short name=nsP3     6- Recommended name:             Non-structural protein 3'                 Short name=nsP3'     7- Recommended name:             RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsP4               EC=2.7.7.48         Alternative name(s):             Non-structural protein 4               Short name=nsP4
Organism	Mayaro virus (strain Brazil) (MAYV)
Taxonomic identifier	374990 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineage	Viruses › ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage › Togaviridae › Alphavirus › SFV complex
Virus host	Aedes aegypti (Yellowfever mosquito) (Culex aegypti) [TaxID: 7159] Haemagogus [TaxID: 7180] Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606]

Protein attributes

Sequence length	2436 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	P123 and P123' are short-lived polyproteins, accumulating during early stage of infection. P123 is directly translated from the genome, whereas P123' is a product of the cleavage of P1234. They localize the viral replication complex to the cytoplasmic surface of modified endosomes and lysosomes. By interacting with nsP4, they start viral genome replication into antigenome. After these early events, P123 and P123' are cleaved sequentially into nsP1, nsP2 and nsP3/nsP3'. This sequence of delayed processing would allow correct assembly and membrane association of the RNA polymerase complex By similarity. nsP1 is a cytoplasmic capping enzyme. This function is necessary since all viral RNAs are synthesized in the cytoplasm, and host capping enzymes are restricted to the nucleus. The enzymatic reaction involves a covalent link between 7-methyl-GMP and nsP1, whereas eukaryotic capping enzymes form a covalent complex only with GMP. nsP1 capping would consist in the following reactions: GTP is first methylated and then forms the m7GMp-nsP1 complex, from which 7-methyl-GMP complex is transferred to the mRNA to create the cap structure. Palmitoylated nsP1 is remodeling host cell cytoskeleton, and induces filopodium-like structure formation at the surface of the host cell By similarity. nsP2 has two separate domain with different biological activities. The N-terminal section is part of the RNA polymerase complex and has RNA trisphosphatase and RNA helicase activity. The C-terminal section harbors a protease that specifically cleaves and releases the four mature proteins By similarity. nsP3 and nsP3' are essential for minus strand and subgenomic 26S mRNA synthesis By similarity. nsP4 is a RNA dependent RNA polymerase. It replicates genomic and antigenomic RNA by recognizing replications specific signals. Transcribes also a 26S subgenomic mRNA by initiating RNA synthesis internally on antigenomic RNA. This 26S mRNA encodes for structural proteins. nsP4 is a short-lived protein regulated by several ways: the opal codon readthrough and degradation by ubiquitin pathway By similarity.
Catalytic activity	S-adenosyl-L-methionine + GTP = m7GTP. m7GTP + (5')pp-Pur-mRNA = diphosphate + m7G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA. (5')ppp-mRNA + H2O = (5')pp-mRNA + phosphate. A 5'-phosphopolynucleotide + H2O = a polynucleotide + phosphate. NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate. Nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1).
Subunit structure	P123 interacts with nsP4; nsP1, nsP2, nsP3 and nsP4 interact with each other, and with uncharacterized host factors By similarity.
Subcellular location	Non-structural polyprotein: Host endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Note: Located on the cytoplasmic surface of modified endosomes and lysosomes, also called cytopathic vacuoles type I (CPVI). These vacuoles contain numerous small circular invaginations (spherules) which may be the sites of RNA synthesis. P123: Host endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. P123': Host endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. mRNA-capping enzyme nsP1: Host endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host cell projection › host filopodium By similarity. Note: In the late phase of infection, the polyprotein is quickly cleaved before localization to cellular membranes. Then a fraction of nsP1 localizes to the inner surface of the plasma membrane and its filopodial extensions By similarity. Protease/triphosphatase/NTPase/helicase nsP2: Host endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host nucleus By similarity. Note: In the late phase of infection, the polyprotein is quickly cleaved before localization to cellular membranes. Then approximately half of nsP2 is found in the nucleus By similarity. Non-structural protein 3: Host endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host cytoplasm By similarity. Note: In the late phase of infection, the polyprotein is quickly cleaved before localization to cellular membranes. Then nsP3 and nsP3' seems to aggregate in cytoplasm By similarity. Non-structural protein 3': Host endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host cytoplasm By similarity. Note: In the late phase of infection, the polyprotein is quickly cleaved before localization to cellular membranes. Then nsP3 and nsP3' seems to aggregate in cytoplasm By similarity. RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsP4: Host endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Host lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity.
Induction	Viral replication produces dsRNA in the late phase of infection, resulting in a strong activation of host EIF2AK2/PKR, leading to almost complete phosphorylation of EIF2A. This inactivates completely cellular translation initiation, resulting in a dramatic shutoff of proteins synthesis. Translation of viral non-structural polyprotein and all cellular proteins are stopped in infected cell between 2 and 4 hours post infection. Only the 26S mRNA is still translated into viral structural proteins, presumably through a unique mechanism of enhancer element which counteract the translation inhibition mediated by EIF2A. By doing this, the virus uses the cellular defense for its own advantage: shutoff of cellular translation allows to produce big amounts of structural proteins needed for the virus to bud out of the doomed cell.
Post-translational modification	Specific enzymatic cleavages in vivo yield mature proteins. The polyprotein is synthesized as P123, or P1234 by stop codon readthrough. These polyproteins are processed differently depending on the stage of infection. In early stages, P1234 is first cleaved in trans, through its nsP2 protease activity, releasing P123' and nsP4. P123/P123' and nsP4 start to replicate the viral genome into its antigenome. After these early events, nsP1 is cleaved in cis by nsP2 protease, releasing the P23/P23' polyprotein. Cleavage of nsP1 exposes an "activator" at the N-terminus of P23/P23' which induces its cleavage into nsP2 and nsP3 by the viral protease. This sequence of delayed processing would allow correct assembly and membrane association of the RNA-polymerase complex. In the late stage of infection, the presence of free nsP2 in the cytoplasm cleaves P1234 quickly into P12 and P34, then into the four nsP By similarity. nsP1 is palmitoylated by host By similarity. nsP4 is ubiquitinated; targets the protein for rapid degradation via the ubiquitin system By similarity.
Miscellaneous	The genome encodes for P123, but readthrough of a terminator codon UGA occurs between the codons for Ser-1819 and Leu-1820. This readthrough produces P1234, cleaved quickly by nsP2 into P123' and nsP4. Further processing of p123' gives nsP1, nsP2 and nsP3' which is 6 amino-acids longer than nsP3 since the cleavage site is after the readthrough. This unusual molecular mechanism ensures that few nsP4 are produced compared to other non-structural proteins. Mutant viruses with no alternative termination site grow significantly slower than wild-type virus.
Sequence similarities	Contains 1 Macro domain. Contains 1 peptidase C9 domain. Contains 1 RdRp catalytic domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	RNA replication mRNA capping mRNA processing
Cellular component	Cell membrane Cell projection Cytoplasm Endosome Lysosome Membrane Nucleus
Ligand	ATP-binding GTP-binding Nucleotide-binding RNA-binding
Molecular function	Helicase Hydrolase Methyltransferase Nucleotidyltransferase Protease RNA-directed RNA polymerase Thiol protease Transferase
PTM	Lipoprotein Palmitate Ubl conjugation
Technical term	Multifunctional enzyme
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	mRNA capping Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW transcription, RNA-dependent Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW viral genome replication Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Cellular component	cell projection Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW endosome Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW host cell cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell host cell nucleus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell host cell plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell lysosome Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW nucleus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular function	ATP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW GTP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW RNA binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW RNA helicase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW cysteine-type endopeptidase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro mRNA methyltransferase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro polynucleotide 5'-phosphatase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 2436	2436	Non-structural polyprotein		PRO_0000308393
	Chain	1 – 1825	1825	P123'		PRO_0000229927
	Chain	1 – 1819	1819	P123		PRO_0000229926
	Chain	1 – 536	536	mRNA-capping enzyme nsP1		PRO_0000229928
	Chain	537 – 1334	798	Protease/triphosphatase/NTPase/helicase nsP2		PRO_0000229929
	Chain	1335 – 1825	491	Non-structural protein 3'		PRO_0000229931
	Chain	1335 – 1819	485	Non-structural protein 3		PRO_0000229930
	Chain	1826 – 2436	611	RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsP4		PRO_0000229932
Regions
	Domain	965 – 1165	201	Peptidase C9
	Domain	1335 – 1493	159	Macro
	Domain	2190 – 2305	116	RdRp catalytic
	Nucleotide binding	722 – 729	8	ATP Potential
	Region	244 – 263	20	nsP1 membrane-binding By similarity
	Region	1006 – 1025	20	Nucleolus localization signal By similarity
	Motif	1182 – 1186	5	Nuclear localization signal By similarity
Sites
	Active site	1014	1	For cysteine protease nsP2 activity By similarity
	Active site	1084	1	For cysteine protease nsP2 activity By similarity
	Site	536 – 537	2	Cleavage; by nsP2 By similarity
	Site	1334 – 1335	2	Cleavage; by nsP2 By similarity
	Site	1825 – 1826	2	Cleavage; by nsP2 By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Lipidation	417	1	S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host By similarity
	Lipidation	419	1	S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q8QZ73-1 [UniParc]. Last modified April 4, 2006. Version 2. Checksum: BFF43A0DC04D3C59	FASTA	2,436	271,885
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MSKVFVDIEA ESPFLKSLQR AFPAFEVEAQ QVTPNDHANA RAFSHLATKL IEQETEKDTL 70 80 90 100 110 120 ILDIGSAPAR RMMSEHTYHC VCPMRSAEDP ERLLYYARKL AKASGEVVDR NIAAKIDDLQ 130 140 150 160 170 180 SVMATPDNES RTFCLHTDQT CRTQAEVAVY QDVYAVHAPT SLYFQAMKGV RTAYWIGFDT 190 200 210 220 230 240 TPFMFDTMAG AYPTYATNWA DEQVLKARNI GLCSASLTEG HLGKLSIMRK KKMTPSDQIM 250 260 270 280 290 300 FSVGSTLYIE SRRLLKSWHL PSVFHLKGRQ SYTCRCDTIV SCEGYVVKKI TMSPGVFGKT 310 320 330 340 350 360 SGYAVTHHAE GFLVCKTTDT IAGERVSFPI CTYVPSTICD QMTGILATEV TPEDAQKLLV 370 380 390 400 410 420 GLNQRIVVNG RTQRNTNTMK NYLLPVVSQA FSKWAKEYRL DQEDEKNMGM RERTLTCCCL 430 440 450 460 470 480 WAFKTHKNHT MYKKPDTQTI VKVPSEFNSF VIPSLWSAGL SIGIRHRIRL LLQSRRVEPL 490 500 510 520 530 540 VPSMDVGEAR AAEREAAEAK EAEDTLAALP PLIPTAPVLD DIPEVDVEEL EFRAGAGVVE 550 560 570 580 590 600 TPRNALKVTP QDRDTMVGSY LVLSPQTVLK SVKLQALHPL AESVKIITHK GRAGRYQVDA 610 620 630 640 650 660 YDGRVLLPTG AAIPVPDFQA LSESATMVYN EREFINRKLY HIAVHGAALN TDEEGYEKVR 670 680 690 700 710 720 AESTDAEYVY DVDRKQCVKR EEAEGLVMIG DLINPPFHEF AYEGLKRRPA APYKTTVVGV 730 740 750 760 770 780 FGVPGSGKSG IIKSLVTRGD LVASGKKENC QEIMLDVKRY RDLDMTAKTV DSVLLNGVKQ 790 800 810 820 830 840 TVDVLYVDEA FACHAGTLLA LIATVRPRKK VVLCGDPKQC GFFNLMQLQV NFNHNICTEV 850 860 870 880 890 900 DHKSISRRCT LPITAIVSTL HYEGRMRTTN PYNKPVIIDT TGQTKPNRED IVLTCFRGWV 910 920 930 940 950 960 KQLQLDYRGH EVMTAAASQG LTRKGVYAVR MKVNENPLYA QSSEHVNVLL TRTEGRLVWK 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 TLSGDPWIKT LSNIPKGNFT ATLEDWQREH DTIMRAITQE AAPLDVFQNK AKVCWAKCLV 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 PVLETAGIKL SATDWSAIIL AFKEDRAYSP EVALNEICTK IYGVDLDSGL FSAPRVSLHY 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 TTNHWDNSPG GRMYGFSVEA ANRLEQQHPF YRGRWASGQV LVAERKTQPI DVTCNLIPFN 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 RRLPHTLVTE YHPIKGERVE WLVNKIPGYH VLLVSEYNLI LPRRKVTWIA PPTVTGADLT 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 YDLDLGLPPN AGRYDLVFVN MHTPYRLHHY QQCVDHAMKL QMLGGDALYL LKPGGSLLLS 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 1320 TYAYADRTSE AVVTALARRF SSFRAVTVRC VTSNTEVFLL FTNFDNGRRT VTLHQTNGKL 1330 1340 1350 1360 1370 1380 SSIYAGTVLQ AAGCAPAYAV KRADIATAIE DAVVNAANHR GQVGDGVCRA VARKWPQAFR 1390 1400 1410 1420 1430 1440 NAATPVGTAK TVKCDETYII HAVGPNFNNT SEAEGDRDLA AAYRAVAAEI NRLSISSVAI 1450 1460 1470 1480 1490 1500 PLLSTGIFSA GKDRVHQSLS HLLAAMDTTE ARVTIYCRDK TWEQKIKTVL QNRSATELVS 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 DELQFEVNLT RVHPDSSLVG RPGYSTTDGT LYSYMEGTKF HQAALDMAEI TTLWPRVQDA 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 NEHICLYALG ETMDNIRARC PVEDSDSSTP PKTVPCLCRY AMTPERVTRL RMHHTKDFVV 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 CSSFQLPKYR IPGVQRVKCE KVMLFDAAPP ASVSPVQYLT NQSETTISLS SFSITSDSSS 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 LSTFPDLESA EELDHDSQSV RPALNEPDDH QPTPTAELAT HPVPPPRPNR ARRLAAARVQ 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 VQVEVHQPPS NQPTKPIPAP RTSLRPVPAP RRYVPRPVVE LPWPLETIDV EFGAPTEEES 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 DITFGDFSAS EWETISNSSL GRAGAYIFSS DVGPGHLQQK SVRQHDLEVP IMDRVIEEKV 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 YPPKLDEAKE KQLLLKLQMH ATDANRSRYQ SRKVENMKAT IIDRLKQGSA YYVSAAADKA 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 VTYHVRYAKP RYSVPVMQRL SSATIAVATC NEFLARNYPT VASYQITDEY DAYLDMVDGS 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 ESCLDRANFC PAKLRCYPKH HAYHMPQIRS AVPSPFQNTL QNVLAAATKR NCNVTQMREL 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 PTLDSAVYNV ECFRKYACNN EYWEEFAKKP IRITTENLTT YVTKLKGGKA AALFAKTHNL 2110 2120 2130 2140 2150 2160 VPLQEVPMDR FIMDMKRDVK VTPGTKHTEE RPKVQVIQAA EPLATAYLCG IHRELVRRLN 2170 2180 2190 2200 2210 2220 AVLLPNIHTL FDMSAEDFDA IISEHFKPGD HVLETDIASF DKSQDDSLAL TGLMILEDLG 2230 2240 2250 2260 2270 2280 VDNQLLDLIE AAFGQITSCH LPTGTRFKFG AMMKSGMFLT LFINTVLNIT IASRVLEARL 2290 2300 2310 2320 2330 2340 TNSACAAFIG DDNVVHGVVS DKLMADRCAT WVNMEVKIID AVMCIKPPYF CGGFLVYDHV 2350 2360 2370 2380 2390 2400 TRTACRIADP LKRLFKLGKP LPADDCQDED RRRALYDEVK KWSRSGLGSE IEVALASRYR 2410 2420 2430 LEGSYNLLLA MSTFAHSMKN FSALRGPVIH LYGGPK

References

[1]	Netto M.C.M.G., Shirako Y., Strauss E.G., Carvalho M.G.C., Strauss J.H. Submitted (FEB-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	AF237947 Genomic RNA. Translation: AAL79763.1. AF237947 Genomic RNA. Translation: AAL79765.1. Sequence problems.
3D structure databases
HSSP	HSSP built from PDB template 1FW5 based on UniProtKB P08411.
ModBase	Search...
Protein family/group databases
MEROPS	C09.001.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR002589. A1pp. IPR002588. MeTrfase_vir. IPR002620. Peptidase_C9. IPR001788. RNA-dep_RNA_pol_vir-typ. IPR000606. RNA_helicase1_vir. IPR007094. RNA_pol_PSvir. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF01661. Macro. 1 hit. PF01707. Peptidase_C9. 1 hit. PF00978. RdRP_2. 1 hit. PF01443. Viral_helicase1. 1 hit. PF01660. Vmethyltransf. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00506. A1pp. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS51154. MACRO. 1 hit. PS50507. RDRP_SSRNA_POS. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

POLN_MAYAB

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q8QZ73
Secondary accession number(s): Q8QHM4

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 4, 2006
Last sequence update:	April 4, 2006
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 46 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

Virus (Virus annotation project)