Q8N490 (PNKD_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
January 25, 2012.
Version 70.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Probable hydrolase PNKD EC=3.-.-.- Alternative name(s): Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 Short name=MR-1 Paroxysmal nonkinesiogenic dyskinesia protein Trans-activated by hepatitis C virus core protein 2 | ||||||
| Gene names |
| ||||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) | ||||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 385 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Probable hydrolase that plays an aggravative role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy via activation of the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway By similarity. |
| Subunit structure | Isoform 2 interacts with the sarcomeric proteins, MRLC2, MYOM1 and ENO3. Ref.1 |
| Subcellular location | Isoform 1: Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Isoform 2: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Isoform 3: Mitochondrion. |
| Tissue specificity | Isoform 1 is only expressed in the brain. Isoform 2 is ubiquitously detected with highest expression in skeletal muscle and detected in myocardial myofibrils. Variant Val-7 and Val-9 are detected in the brain only. Ref.1 Ref.14 Ref.15 |
| Induction | By Hepatitis C virus core protein. Ref.2 |
| Post-translational modification | Isoform 2 is phosphorylated at Ser-121 upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR. Ref.12 |
| Involvement in disease | Defects in PNKD are the cause of dystonia type 8 (DYT8) [MIM:118800]. DYT8 is a paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dystonia/dyskinesia. Dystonia is defined by the presence of sustained involuntary muscle contractions, often leading to abnormal postures. DYT8 is characterized by attacks of involuntary movements brought on by stress, alcohol, fatigue or caffeine. The attacks generally last between a few seconds and four hours or longer. The attacks may begin in one limb and spread throughout the body, including the face. Ref.11 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. Glyoxalase II family. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Cytoplasm Membrane Mitochondrion Nucleus |
| Coding sequence diversity | Alternative splicing |
| Disease | Disease mutation Dystonia |
| Ligand | Metal-binding Zinc |
| Molecular function | Hydrolase |
| PTM | Phosphoprotein |
| Technical term | Complete proteome Reference proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Cellular component | membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell mitochondrionInferred from direct assay. Source: HPA nucleusInferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell |
| Molecular function | hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro zinc ion bindingInferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 4 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q8N490-1) Also known as: MR-1L; This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q8N490-2) Also known as: MR-1S; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 80-142: YSLYTRTWLG...YLIIDTQAQL → AIGFPCGILL...SPDVGSGVQT 143-385: Missing. | ||||||
| Note: Phosphorylated on Ser-121. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: Q8N490-3) Also known as: MR-1M; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-79: MAAVVAATAL...NPMKAVGLAW → MAWQGWPAAW...HSQRLLFRIG | ||||||
| Isoform 4 (identifier: Q8N490-4) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-60: Missing. 61-78: EYIPRKRGKNPMKAVGLA → MPSSVHHTKRQMMSIYCY | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 385 | 385 | Probable hydrolase PNKD | PRO_0000299549 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Region | 291 – 293 | 3 | Substrate By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 376 – 379 | 4 | Substrate By similarity | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Metal binding | 172 | 1 | Zinc 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 174 | 1 | Zinc 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 176 | 1 | Zinc 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 177 | 1 | Zinc 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 229 | 1 | Zinc 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 253 | 1 | Zinc 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 253 | 1 | Zinc 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 291 | 1 | Zinc 2 By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 79 | 79 | MAAVV…VGLAW → MAWQGWPAAWQWVAGCWLLL VLVLVLLVSPRGCRARRGLR GLLMAHSQRLLFRIG in isoform 3. | VSP_027736 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 60 | 60 | Missing in isoform 4. | VSP_027737 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 61 – 78 | 18 | EYIPR…AVGLA → MPSSVHHTKRQMMSIYCY in isoform 4. | VSP_027738 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 80 – 142 | 63 | YSLYT…TQAQL → AIGFPCGILLFILTKREVDK DRVKQMKARQNMRLSNTGEY ESQRFRASSQSAPSPDVGSG VQT in isoform 2. | VSP_027739 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 143 – 385 | 243 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_027740 | |||||
| Natural variant | 7 | 1 | A → V in DYT8. Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.18 | VAR_034844 | |||||
| Natural variant | 9 | 1 | A → V in DYT8. Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.17 | VAR_034845 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 12 | 1 | G → S in AAH36457. Ref.9 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 33 | 1 | A → V in AAH36457. Ref.9 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 47 | 1 | P → S in AAH36457. Ref.9 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 377 | 1 | R → L in CAB70870. Ref.7 | ||||||
Sequences
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Characterization of MR-1, a novel myofibrillogenesis regulator in human muscle." Li T.-B., Liu X.-H., Feng S., Hu Y., Yang W.-X., Han Y., Wang Y.-G., Gong L.-M. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. 36:412-418(2004) [PubMed: 15188056] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INTERACTION WITH MRLC2; MYOM1 AND ENO3. |
| [2] | "Transactivating effect of hepatitis C virus core protein: a suppression subtractive hybridization study." Liu M., Liu Y., Cheng J., Zhang S.-L., Wang L., Shao Q., Zhang J., Yang Q. World J. Gastroenterol. 10:1746-1749(2004) [PubMed: 15188498] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), INDUCTION. |
| [3] | "Cloning of FKSG19, a novel gene expressed in ovarian tumour tissue." Wang Y.-G., Gong L. Submitted (OCT-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). |
| [4] | "Identification of human genomic DNA structure of the gene trans-activated by hepatitis C virus core protein 2." Liu Y., Cheng J., Wang G., Li K., Dong J., Li L., Chen J., Zhang L. Submitted (JUN-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORM 2). |
| [5] | "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment." Clark H.F., Gurney A.L., Abaya E., Baker K., Baldwin D.T., Brush J., Chen J., Chow B., Chui C., Crowley C., Currell B., Deuel B., Dowd P., Eaton D., Foster J.S., Grimaldi C., Gu Q., Hass P.E. Gray A.M.Genome Res. 13:2265-2270(2003) [PubMed: 12975309] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3). |
| [6] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Caudate nucleus. |
| [7] | "The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium." Bechtel S., Rosenfelder H., Duda A., Schmidt C.P., Ernst U., Wellenreuther R., Mehrle A., Schuster C., Bahr A., Bloecker H., Heubner D., Hoerlein A., Michel G., Wedler H., Koehrer K., Ottenwaelder B., Poustka A., Wiemann S., Schupp I. BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007) [PubMed: 17974005] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 2 AND 4). Tissue: Brain. |
| [8] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [9] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1; 2 AND 3). Tissue: Brain. |
| [10] | "Characterization of cDNA clones selected by the GeneMark analysis from size-fractionated cDNA libraries from human brain." Hirosawa M., Nagase T., Ishikawa K., Kikuno R., Nomura N., Ohara O. DNA Res. 6:329-336(1999) [PubMed: 10574461] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 6-385 (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain. |
| [11] | "Genetic heterogeneity in paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia." Spacey S.D., Adams P.J., Lam P.C., Materek L.A., Stoessl A.J., Snutch T.P., Hsiung G.Y. Neurology 66:1588-1590(2006) [PubMed: 16717228] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN DYT8. |
| [12] | "ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage." Matsuoka S., Ballif B.A., Smogorzewska A., McDonald E.R. III, Hurov K.E., Luo J., Bakalarski C.E., Zhao Z., Solimini N., Lerenthal Y., Shiloh Y., Gygi S.P., Elledge S.J. Science 316:1160-1166(2007) [PubMed: 17525332] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-121 (ISOFORM 2), MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Embryonic kidney. |
| [13] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed: 21269460] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [14] | "Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 gene mutations cause paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis." Rainier S., Thomas D., Tokarz D., Ming L., Bui M., Plein E., Zhao X., Lemons R., Albin R., Delaney C., Alvarado D., Fink J.K. Arch. Neurol. 61:1025-1029(2004) [PubMed: 15262732] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS DYT8 VAL-7 AND VAL-9, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [15] | "The gene for paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia encodes an enzyme in a stress response pathway." Lee H.-Y., Xu Y., Huang Y., Ahn A.H., Auburger G.W., Pandolfo M., Kwiecinski H., Grimes D.A., Lang A.E., Nielsen J.E., Averyanov Y., Servidei S., Friedman A., Van Bogaert P., Abramowicz M.J., Bruno M.K., Sorensen B.F., Tang L., Fu Y.-H., Ptacek L.J. Hum. Mol. Genet. 13:3161-3170(2004) [PubMed: 15496428] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. |
| [16] | "Presence of alanine-to-valine substitutions in myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 in paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia: confirmation in 2 kindreds." Chen D.-H., Matsushita M., Rainier S., Meaney B., Tisch L., Feleke A., Wolff J., Lipe H., Fink J., Bird T.D., Raskind W.H. Arch. Neurol. 62:597-600(2005) [PubMed: 15824259] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS DYT8 VAL-7 AND VAL-9. |
| [17] | "Clinical characteristics of paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia in Serbian family with Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 gene mutation." Stefanova E., Djarmati A., Momcilovic D., Dragasevic N., Svetel M., Klein C., Kostic V.S. Mov. Disord. 21:2010-2015(2006) [PubMed: 16972263] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT DYT8 VAL-9. |
| [18] | "Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 gene (MR-1) mutation in an Omani family with paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia." Hempelmann A., Kumar S., Muralitharan S., Sander T. Neurosci. Lett. 402:118-120(2006) [PubMed: 16632198] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT DYT8 VAL-7. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AF417001 mRNA. Translation: AAL08573.1. AY039043 mRNA. Translation: AAK83449.1. AF318057 mRNA. Translation: AAL25716.1. AF390031 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAM73649.1. AY358753 mRNA. Translation: AAQ89113.1. AK289867 mRNA. Translation: BAF82556.1. AL080092 mRNA. Translation: CAB45707.2. AL137675 mRNA. Translation: CAB70870.2. CH471063 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW70602.1. CH471063 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW70604.1. BC002937 mRNA. Translation: AAH02937.1. BC021118 mRNA. Translation: AAH21118.1. BC036457 mRNA. Translation: AAH36457.1. AB033010 mRNA. Translation: BAA86498.1. |
| IPI | IPI00001022. IPI00030458. IPI00328714. IPI00855925. |
| PIR | T46495. |
| RefSeq | NP_001070867.1. NM_001077399.2. NP_056303.3. NM_015488.4. NP_072094.1. NM_022572.4. |
| UniGene | Hs.98475. |
3D structure databases | |
| HSSP | HSSP built from PDB template 1QH5 based on UniProtKB Q16775. |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q8N490. |
| SMR | Q8N490. Positions 119-384. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q8N490. 1 interaction. |
| MINT | MINT-1453480. |
| STRING | Q8N490. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q8N490. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 158563846. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PRIDE | Q8N490. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000273077; ENSP00000273077; ENSG00000127838. |
| GeneID | 25953. |
| KEGG | hsa:25953. |
| UCSC | uc002vhm.1. human. uc002vhn.1. human. uc002vhq.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 25953. |
| GeneCards | GC02P219135. |
| HGNC | HGNC:9153. PNKD. |
| HPA | HPA010134. HPA017068. |
| MIM | 118800. phenotype. 609023. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q8N490. |
| Orphanet | 98810. Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia. |
| PharmGKB | PA33476. |
| HUGE | Search... |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| GeneTree | ENSGT00530000063033. |
| HOGENOM | HBG753931. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG001152. |
| InParanoid | Q8N490. |
| OMA | HQDCRVY. |
| OrthoDB | EOG412M5W. |
| PhylomeDB | Q8N490. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q8N490. |
| Bgee | Q8N490. |
| CleanEx | HS_MR1. HS_PNKD. |
| Genevestigator | Q8N490. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR001279. Beta-lactamas-like. IPR017782. Hydroxyacylglutathione_Hdrlase. [Graphical view] |
| PANTHER | PTHR11935:SF7. PTHR11935:SF7. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF00753. Lactamase_B. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00849. Lactamase_B. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| TIGRFAMs | TIGR03413. GSH_gloB. 1 hit. |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| NextBio | 47556. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | PNKD_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q8N490 Secondary accession number(s): A8K1F2 Q9Y4T1 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 2 Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with