GLN1-2

Functionⁱ

Low-affinity glutamine synthetase. May contribute to the homeostatic control of glutamine synthesis in roots.

Catalytic activityⁱ

ATP + L-glutamate + NH₃ = ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine.

Kineticsⁱ

Measured at pH 7.8 and 30 degrees Celsius for all experiments.

K_M=
3.8 mM for glutamate
1 Publication
Manual assertion based on experiment inⁱ
- Ref.7
  "Kinetic properties and ammonium-dependent regulation of cytosolic isoenzymes of glutamine synthetase in Arabidopsis."
  Ishiyama K., Inoue E., Watanabe-Takahashi A., Obara M., Yamaya T., Takahashi H.
  J. Biol. Chem. 279:16598-16605(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  Cited for: BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION.
K_M=
2450 µM for ammonium
1 Publication
Manual assertion based on experiment inⁱ
- Ref.7
  "Kinetic properties and ammonium-dependent regulation of cytosolic isoenzymes of glutamine synthetase in Arabidopsis."
  Ishiyama K., Inoue E., Watanabe-Takahashi A., Obara M., Yamaya T., Takahashi H.
  J. Biol. Chem. 279:16598-16605(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  Cited for: BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION.
K_M=
1100 µM for ATP
1 Publication
Manual assertion based on experiment inⁱ
- Ref.7
  "Kinetic properties and ammonium-dependent regulation of cytosolic isoenzymes of glutamine synthetase in Arabidopsis."
  Ishiyama K., Inoue E., Watanabe-Takahashi A., Obara M., Yamaya T., Takahashi H.
  J. Biol. Chem. 279:16598-16605(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  Cited for: BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION.

V_max=65.7 nmol/sec/mg enzyme with glutamate as substrate1 Publication

V_max=65.7 nmol/sec/mg enzyme with ammonium as substrate1 Publication

V_max=66.6 nmol/sec/mg enzyme with ATP as substrate1 Publication

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCycⁱ	ARA:GQT-852-MONOMER. ARA:GQT-853-MONOMER.
Reactomeⁱ	REACT_232680. Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination). REACT_262794. Astrocytic Glutamate-Glutamine Uptake And Metabolism.
SABIO-RK	Q8LCE1.

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-2 (EC:6.3.1.2) Alternative name(s): Glutamate--ammonia ligase GLN1;2 Short name: GLN1;2
Gene namesⁱ	Name:GLN1-2 Synonyms:GSR2 Ordered Locus Names:At1g66200 ORF Names:F15E12.14
Organismⁱ	Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	3702 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Streptophytina › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Euphyllophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › Mesangiospermae › eudicotyledons › Gunneridae › Pentapetalae › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis
Proteomesⁱ	UP000006548: Chromosome 1

Organism-specific databases

TAIRⁱ	AT1G66200.

TAIRⁱ

AT1G66200.

Subcellular locationⁱ

Cytoplasm

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

cytoplasm Source: UniProtKB-SubCell

Complete GO annotation...

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Cytoplasm

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
Initiator methionineⁱ	1 – 1	1	RemovedBy similarity Manual assertion inferred from sequence similarity toⁱ UniProtKB:Q56WN1 (GLN11_ARATH)
Chainⁱ	2 – 356	355	Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-2		PRO_0000239819	Add BLAST

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description
Modified residueⁱ	2 – 2	1	N-acetylserineBy similarity Manual assertion inferred from sequence similarity toⁱ UniProtKB:Q56WN1 (GLN11_ARATH)
Modified residueⁱ	2 – 2	1	Phosphoserine1 Publication Manual assertion based on experiment inⁱ Ref.8 "Large-scale Arabidopsis phosphoproteome profiling reveals novel chloroplast kinase substrates and phosphorylation networks." Reiland S., Messerli G., Baerenfaller K., Gerrits B., Endler A., Grossmann J., Gruissem W., Baginsky S. Plant Physiol. 150:889-903(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
Modified residueⁱ	48 – 48	1	PhosphoserineBy similarity Manual assertion inferred from sequence similarity toⁱ UniProtKB:Q43127 (GLNA2_ARATH)

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Acetylation, Phosphoprotein

Proteomic databases

PaxDbⁱ	Q8LCE1.
PRIDEⁱ	Q8LCE1.

Expressionⁱ

Tissue specificityⁱ

Expressed in the pericycle of all root tissues.1 Publication

Inductionⁱ

By ammonium supply under nitrogen-limited condition. Induced by sucrose, glucose, fructose, and during leaf senescence.3 Publications

Gene expression databases

ExpressionAtlasⁱ	Q8LCE1. baseline and differential.
Genevestigatorⁱ	Q8LCE1.

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Homooctamer (By similarity). Interacts with GRF3.By similarity1 Publication

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	28156. 1 interaction.
IntActⁱ	Q8LCE1. 1 interaction.

Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q8LCE1.
SMRⁱ	Q8LCE1. Positions 4-354.
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family.Curated

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	COG0174.
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000061500.
InParanoidⁱ	Q8LCE1.
PhylomeDBⁱ	Q8LCE1.

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	3.30.590.10. 1 hit.
InterProⁱ	IPR008147. Gln_synt_beta. IPR014746. Gln_synth/guanido_kin_cat_dom. IPR008146. Gln_synth_cat_dom. IPR027303. Gln_synth_gly_rich_site. IPR027302. Gln_synth_N_conserv_site. [Graphical view]
Pfamⁱ	PF00120. Gln-synt_C. 1 hit. PF03951. Gln-synt_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF54368. SSF54368. 1 hit.
PROSITEⁱ	PS00180. GLNA_1. 1 hit. PS00181. GLNA_ATP. 1 hit. [Graphical view]

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry describes 1 isoform ⁱ produced by alternative splicing. Align

Note: A number of isoforms are produced. According to EST sequences.

Isoform 1 (identifier: Q8LCE1-1) [UniParc]FASTA Add to Basket

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MSLLADLVNL DISDNSEKII AEYIWVGGSG MDMRSKARTL PGPVTDPSKL 
        60         70         80         90        100
PKWNYDGSST GQAPGQDSEV ILYPQAIFKD PFRRGNNILV MCDAYTPAGE 
       110        120        130        140        150
PIPTNKRHAA AEIFANPDVI AEVPWYGIEQ EYTLLQKDVN WPLGWPIGGF 
       160        170        180        190        200
PGPQGPYYCS IGADKSFGRD IVDAHYKASL YAGINISGIN GEVMPGQWEF 
       210        220        230        240        250
QVGPSVGISA ADEIWIARYI LERITEIAGV VVSFDPKPIP GDWNGAGAHT 
       260        270        280        290        300
NYSTKSMREE GGYEIIKKAI EKLGLRHKEH ISAYGEGNER RLTGHHETAD 
       310        320        330        340        350
INTFLWGVAN RGASIRVGRD TEKEGKGYFE DRRPASNMDP YVVTSMIAET 

TLLWNP

Length:356

Mass (Da):39,207

Last modified:June 13, 2006 - v2

Checksum:ⁱ19D19BF1388E5192

GO

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
Sequence conflictⁱ	290 – 290	1	R → L in AAM63710. 1 Publication Ref.4 "Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana." Brover V., Troukhan M., Alexandrov N., Lu Y.-P., Flavell R., Feldmann K.A. Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Curated

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AC026480 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAG51310.1. CP002684 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE34474.1. AY091101 mRNA. Translation: AAM14052.1. AY122962 mRNA. Translation: AAM67495.1. AY086653 mRNA. Translation: AAM63710.1.
PIRⁱ	H96686. S18602.
RefSeqⁱ	NP_176794.1. NM_105291.3. [Q8LCE1-1]
UniGeneⁱ	At.47484. At.74857.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblPlantsⁱ	AT1G66200.1; AT1G66200.1; AT1G66200. [Q8LCE1-1]
GeneIDⁱ	842935.
KEGGⁱ	ath:AT1G66200.

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Alternative splicing

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AC026480 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAG51310.1. CP002684 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE34474.1. AY091101 mRNA. Translation: AAM14052.1. AY122962 mRNA. Translation: AAM67495.1. AY086653 mRNA. Translation: AAM63710.1.
PIRⁱ	H96686. S18602.
RefSeqⁱ	NP_176794.1. NM_105291.3. [Q8LCE1-1]
UniGeneⁱ	At.47484. At.74857.

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	Q8LCE1.
SMRⁱ	Q8LCE1. Positions 4-354.
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	28156. 1 interaction.
IntActⁱ	Q8LCE1. 1 interaction.

Proteomic databases

PaxDbⁱ	Q8LCE1.
PRIDEⁱ	Q8LCE1.

Protocols and materials databases

DNASUⁱ	842935.
Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblPlantsⁱ	AT1G66200.1; AT1G66200.1; AT1G66200. [Q8LCE1-1]
GeneIDⁱ	842935.
KEGGⁱ	ath:AT1G66200.

Organism-specific databases

TAIRⁱ	AT1G66200.

TAIRⁱ

AT1G66200.

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	COG0174.
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000061500.
InParanoidⁱ	Q8LCE1.
PhylomeDBⁱ	Q8LCE1.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCycⁱ	ARA:GQT-852-MONOMER. ARA:GQT-853-MONOMER.
Reactomeⁱ	REACT_232680. Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination). REACT_262794. Astrocytic Glutamate-Glutamine Uptake And Metabolism.
SABIO-RK	Q8LCE1.

Gene expression databases

ExpressionAtlasⁱ	Q8LCE1. baseline and differential.
Genevestigatorⁱ	Q8LCE1.

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	3.30.590.10. 1 hit.
InterProⁱ	IPR008147. Gln_synt_beta. IPR014746. Gln_synth/guanido_kin_cat_dom. IPR008146. Gln_synth_cat_dom. IPR027303. Gln_synth_gly_rich_site. IPR027302. Gln_synth_N_conserv_site. [Graphical view]
Pfamⁱ	PF00120. Gln-synt_C. 1 hit. PF03951. Gln-synt_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF54368. SSF54368. 1 hit.
PROSITEⁱ	PS00180. GLNA_1. 1 hit. PS00181. GLNA_ATP. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Publicationsⁱ

« Hide 'large scale' publications

"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana."
Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S., White O., Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y., Buehler E., Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W., Chung M.K.
Davis R.W.
Nature 408:816-820(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
Strain: cv. Columbia.
The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR)
Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION.
Strain: cv. Columbia.
"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome."
Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G.
Ecker J.R.
Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
Strain: cv. Columbia.
"Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana."
Brover V., Troukhan M., Alexandrov N., Lu Y.-P., Flavell R., Feldmann K.A.
Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
"Senescence-associated gene expression during ozone-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis."
Miller J.D., Arteca R.N., Pell E.J.
Plant Physiol. 120:1015-1024(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: INDUCTION.
"Carbon and amino acids reciprocally modulate the expression of glutamine synthetase in Arabidopsis."
Oliveira I.C., Coruzzi G.M.
Plant Physiol. 121:301-310(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: INDUCTION.
"Kinetic properties and ammonium-dependent regulation of cytosolic isoenzymes of glutamine synthetase in Arabidopsis."
Ishiyama K., Inoue E., Watanabe-Takahashi A., Obara M., Yamaya T., Takahashi H.
J. Biol. Chem. 279:16598-16605(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION.
"Large-scale Arabidopsis phosphoproteome profiling reveals novel chloroplast kinase substrates and phosphorylation networks."
Reiland S., Messerli G., Baerenfaller K., Gerrits B., Endler A., Grossmann J., Gruissem W., Baginsky S.
Plant Physiol. 150:889-903(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
"14-3-3 proteins fine-tune plant nutrient metabolism."
Shin R., Jez J.M., Basra A., Zhang B., Schachtman D.P.
FEBS Lett. 585:143-147(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH GRF3.
"Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features."
Bienvenut W.V., Sumpton D., Martinez A., Lilla S., Espagne C., Meinnel T., Giglione C.
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 11:M111.015131-M111.015131(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].

+Additional computationally mapped references.

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ

GLN12_ARATH

Accessionⁱ

Primary (citable) accession number: Q8LCE1
Secondary accession number(s): Q9C8C7

Entry historyⁱ

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	June 13, 2006
Last sequence update:	June 13, 2006
Last modified:	January 7, 2015
This is version 85 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry statusⁱ

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Complete proteome, Reference proteome

Documents

Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana: entries and gene names
SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families

External Data

Dasty 3

Similar proteinsⁱ

Links to similar proteins from the UniProt Reference Clusters (UniRef) at 100%, 90% and 50% sequence identity:

100%	UniRef100 combines identical sequences and sub-fragments with 11 or more residues from any organism into Uniref entry.
90%	UniRef90 is built by clustering UniRef100 sequences that have at least 90% sequence identity to, and 80% overlap with, the longest sequence (a.k.a seed sequence).
50%	UniRef50 is built by clustering UniRef90 seed sequences that have at least 50% sequence identity to, and 80% overlap with, the longest sequence in the cluster.

UniProtKB

Proteomes

UniRef

Supporting data

UniParc

Help

Q8LCE1 - GLN12_ARATH

UniProt

Q8LCE1 - GLN12_ARATH

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Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-2

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>Provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.</p><p><a href='../manual/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

<p>Describes biophysical and chemical properties, such as maximal absorption, kinetic parameters, pH dependence, redox potentials and temperature dependence.</p><p><a href='../manual/biophysicochemical_properties' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Kineticsi

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>Provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.</p><p><a href='../manual/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>Provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.</p><p><a href='../manual/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Cellular componenti

<p>Describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.</p><p><a href='../manual/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Proteomic databases

<p>Provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.</p><p><a href='../manual/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

<p>Provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.</p><p><a href='../manual/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>Provides information on the tertiary structure of a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

<p>Provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

<p>Provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>Displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including length and molecular weight.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequencei

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>Is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.</p><p><a href='../manual/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>Contains the literature citations that are the sources of data used to annotate the entry. Each reference is numbered and contains several subsections allowing a precise description of a given citation.</p><p><a href='../manual/publications_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Publicationsi

<p>Provides general information on the entry.</p><p><a href='../manual/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>Contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections</p><p><a href='../manual/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Documents

External Data

Functionⁱ

Kineticsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Sequenceⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Publicationsⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ