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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q8INB9 (AKT1_DROME)

Last modified June 16, 2009. Version 64. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (2) | Third-party data | Customize display text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase
      Short name=DRAC-PK
      Short name=Dakt1
      Short name=DAkt
    EC=2.7.11.1
Alternative name(s):
    Akt
    Protein kinase B
      Short name=PKB
Gene names
Name: Akt1
ORF Names: CG4006
OrganismDrosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) [Complete proteome]
Taxonomic identifier7227 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHexapodaInsectaPterygotaNeopteraEndopterygotaDipteraBrachyceraMuscomorphaEphydroideaDrosophilidaeDrosophilaSophophora

Protein attributes

Sequence length611 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. May also stimulate cell growth by phosphorylating Gig/Tsc2 and inactivating the Tsc complex. Dephosphorylation of 'Ser-586' by Phlpp triggers apoptosis and suppression of tumor growth. Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17

Catalytic activity

ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. Ref.2

Subcellular location

Cytoplasmcytosol. Cell membrane. Note: Recruited to plasma membrane upon activation.

Tissue specificity

Ubiquitously expressed. Present in ovary, where it is concentrated at the basal side of follicle cells. Ref.2

Developmental stage

Expressed both maternally and zygotically. Strongly expressed in embryo and pupa. Weakly expressed in larva. Mildly expressed in adult. Ref.17 Ref.2

Domain

Binding of the PH domain to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha (PI3K) results in its targeting to the plasma membrane Probable.

Post-translational modification

Phosphorylated and activated by Pk61C/PDK1. Phosphorylated on Ser-586 by the rictor-Tor complex. Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.18 Ref.19 Ref.20

Disruption phenotype

Death at the first instar larval stage. Ref.6

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAC subfamily.

Contains 1 AGC-kinase C-terminal domain.

Contains 1 PH domain.

Contains 1 protein kinase domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
   Biological processApoptosis
Growth regulation
   Cellular componentCell membrane
Cytoplasm
Membrane
   Coding sequence diversityAlternative initiation
   LigandATP-binding
Nucleotide-binding
   Molecular functionDevelopmental protein
Kinase
Serine/threonine-protein kinase
Transferase
   PTMPhosphoprotein
   Technical termComplete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
   Biological processanti-apoptosis Ref.6

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase

apoptosis

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process Ref.9

Inferred from genetic interaction. Source: FlyBase

epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system Ref.14

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB

insulin receptor signaling pathway Ref.7 Ref.8

Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB

intracellular signaling cascade Ref.8

Inferred from genetic interaction. Source: UniProtKB

lipid storage

Inferred from genetic interaction. Source: FlyBase

positive regulation of cell growth Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.12 Ref.17

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB

positive regulation of multicellular organism growth

Traceable author statement. Source: FlyBase

positive regulation of organ growth Ref.7

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB

protein amino acid phosphorylation Ref.12

Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB

regulation of cell shape

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase

regulation of protein import into nucleus

Traceable author statement. Source: FlyBase

   Cellular componentcell surface

Inferred from direct assay. Source: FlyBase

cytosol Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15

Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome

plasma membrane Ref.13

Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome

   Molecular functionATP binding

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

phosphoinositide binding

Non-traceable author statement. Source: FlyBase

protein binding Ref.18

Inferred from physical interaction. Source: UniProtKB

protein serine/threonine kinase activity Ref.6 Ref.12 Ref.15

Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB

Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative initiation. [Align] [Select]
Isoform C (identifier: Q8INB9-1)

Also known as: PK85;

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform A (identifier: Q8INB9-2)

Also known as: PK66;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-81: Missing.
Note: Major form.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 611611RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase
PRO_0000045784

Regions

Domain106 – 211106PH
Domain266 – 523258Protein kinase
Domain524 – 59774AGC-kinase C-terminal
Nucleotide binding272 – 2809ATP By similarity

Sites

Active site3891Proton acceptor By similarity
Binding site2951ATP Probable

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue301Phosphoserine Ref.20
Modified residue5861Phosphoserine Ref.8 Ref.18 Ref.19

Natural variations

Alternative sequence1 – 8181Missing in isoform A.
VSP_018833

Experimental info

Mutagenesis1801G → S: Fails to be recruited at the membrane upon activation. Ref.13
Mutagenesis2601K → A: Abolishes enzymatic activity.
Mutagenesis2951K → M: Abolishes enzymatic activity. Ref.7
Mutagenesis4081F → I: Abolishes enzymatic activity. Ref.6 Ref.13
Sequence conflict731A → T in CAA58499. Ref.2
Sequence conflict200 – 2012QQ → HE in CAA81204. Ref.1

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform C (PK85) [UniParc].

Last modified December 7, 2004. Version 3.
Checksum: C139380152580934

FASTA61168,485
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MNYLPFVLQR RSTVVASAPA PGSASRIPES PTTTGSNIIN IIYSQSTHPN SSPTSGSAEK 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
FSWQQSWPSR TSAAPTHDSG TMSINTTFDL SSPSVTSGHA LTEQTQVVKE GWLMKRGEHI 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
KNWRQRYFVL HSDGRLMGYR SKPADSASTP SDFLLNNFTV RGCQIMTVDR PKPFTFIIRG 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
LQWTTVIERT FAVESELERQ QWTEAIRNVS SRLIDVGEVA MTPSEQTDMT DVDMATIAED 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
ELSEQFSVQG TTCNSSGVKK VTLENFEFLK VLGKGTFGKV ILCREKATAK LYAIKILKKE 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
VIIQKDEVAH TLTESRVLKS TNHPFLISLK YSFQTNDRLC FVMQYVNGGE LFWHLSHERI 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
FTEDRTRFYG AEIISALGYL HSQGIIYRDL KLENLLLDKD GHIKVADFGL CKEDITYGRT 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
TKTFCGTPEY LAPEVLDDND YGQAVDWWGT GVVMYEMICG RLPFYNRDHD VLFTLILVEE 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
VKFPRNITDE AKNLLAGLLA KDPKKRLGGG KDDVKEIQAH PFFASINWTD LVLKKIPPPF 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
KPQVTSDTDT RYFDKEFTGE SVELTPPDPT GPLGSIAEEP LFPQFSYQGD MASTLGTSSH 

       610 
ISTSTSLASM Q 

« Hide

Isoform A (PK66).

Checksum: F7508582C7F4A288
Show »

FASTA53059,911

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"The SH2-like Akt homology (AH) domain of c-akt is present in multiple copies in the genome of vertebrate and invertebrate eucaryotes. Cloning and characterisation of the Drosophila melanogaster c-akt homolog Dakt1."
Franke T.F., Tartof K.D., Tsichlis P.N.
Oncogene 9:141-148(1994) [PubMed: 8302573] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM A).
[2]"Developmental regulation of expression and activity of multiple forms of the Drosophila RAC protein kinase."
Andjelkovic M., Jones P.F., Grossniklaus U., Cron P., Schier A.F., Dick M., Bilbe G., Hemmings B.A.
J. Biol. Chem. 270:4066-4075(1995) [PubMed: 7876156] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], ALTERNATIVE INITIATION (ISOFORMS A AND C), ENZYME ACTIVITY, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
[3]"The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster."
Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D., Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F., George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N., Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D. expand/collapse author list , Zhang Q., Chen L.X., Brandon R.C., Rogers Y.-H.C., Blazej R.G., Champe M., Pfeiffer B.D., Wan K.H., Doyle C., Baxter E.G., Helt G., Nelson C.R., Miklos G.L.G., Abril J.F., Agbayani A., An H.-J., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Baldwin D., Ballew R.M., Basu A., Baxendale J., Bayraktaroglu L., Beasley E.M., Beeson K.Y., Benos P.V., Berman B.P., Bhandari D., Bolshakov S., Borkova D., Botchan M.R., Bouck J., Brokstein P., Brottier P., Burtis K.C., Busam D.A., Butler H., Cadieu E., Center A., Chandra I., Cherry J.M., Cawley S., Dahlke C., Davenport L.B., Davies P., de Pablos B., Delcher A., Deng Z., Mays A.D., Dew I., Dietz S.M., Dodson K., Doup L.E., Downes M., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunkov B.C., Dunn P., Durbin K.J., Evangelista C.C., Ferraz C., Ferriera S., Fleischmann W., Fosler C., Gabrielian A.E., Garg N.S., Gelbart W.M., Glasser K., Glodek A., Gong F., Gorrell J.H., Gu Z., Guan P., Harris M., Harris N.L., Harvey D.A., Heiman T.J., Hernandez J.R., Houck J., Hostin D., Houston K.A., Howland T.J., Wei M.-H., Ibegwam C., Jalali M., Kalush F., Karpen G.H., Ke Z., Kennison J.A., Ketchum K.A., Kimmel B.E., Kodira C.D., Kraft C.L., Kravitz S., Kulp D., Lai Z., Lasko P., Lei Y., Levitsky A.A., Li J.H., Li Z., Liang Y., Lin X., Liu X., Mattei B., McIntosh T.C., McLeod M.P., McPherson D., Merkulov G., Milshina N.V., Mobarry C., Morris J., Moshrefi A., Mount S.M., Moy M., Murphy B., Murphy L., Muzny D.M., Nelson D.L., Nelson D.R., Nelson K.A., Nixon K., Nusskern D.R., Pacleb J.M., Palazzolo M., Pittman G.S., Pan S., Pollard J., Puri V., Reese M.G., Reinert K., Remington K., Saunders R.D.C., Scheeler F., Shen H., Shue B.C., Siden-Kiamos I., Simpson M., Skupski M.P., Smith T.J., Spier E., Spradling A.C., Stapleton M., Strong R., Sun E., Svirskas R., Tector C., Turner R., Venter E., Wang A.H., Wang X., Wang Z.-Y., Wassarman D.A., Weinstock G.M., Weissenbach J., Williams S.M., Woodage T., Worley K.C., Wu D., Yang S., Yao Q.A., Ye J., Yeh R.-F., Zaveri J.S., Zhan M., Zhang G., Zhao Q., Zheng L., Zheng X.H., Zhong F.N., Zhong W., Zhou X., Zhu S.C., Zhu X., Smith H.O., Gibbs R.A., Myers E.W., Rubin G.M., Venter J.C.
Science 287:2185-2195(2000) [PubMed: 10731132] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
Strain: Berkeley.
[4]"Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic review."
Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S., Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E., Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P., Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J. expand/collapse author list , Drysdale R.A., Harris N.L., Richter J., Russo S., Schroeder A.J., Shu S.Q., Stapleton M., Yamada C., Ashburner M., Gelbart W.M., Rubin G.M., Lewis S.E.
Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002) [PubMed: 12537572] [Abstract]
Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION, ALTERNATIVE INITIATION.
[5]"A Drosophila full-length cDNA resource."
Stapleton M., Carlson J.W., Brokstein P., Yu C., Champe M., George R.A., Guarin H., Kronmiller B., Pacleb J.M., Park S., Wan K.H., Rubin G.M., Celniker S.E.
Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0080.1-RESEARCH0080.8(2002) [PubMed: 12537569] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM A).
Strain: Berkeley.
Tissue: Embryo.
[6]"Genetic analysis of protein kinase B (AKT) in Drosophila."
Staveley B.E., Ruel L., Jin J., Stambolic V., Mastronardi F.G., Heitzler P., Woodgett J.R., Manoukian A.S.
Curr. Biol. 8:599-602(1998) [PubMed: 9601646] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF PHE-408, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
[7]"Cell-autonomous regulation of cell and organ growth in Drosophila by Akt/PKB."
Verdu J., Buratovich M.A., Wilder E.L., Birnbaum M.J.
Nat. Cell Biol. 1:500-506(1999) [PubMed: 10587646] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-295.
[8]"The conserved PI3'K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway regulates both cell size and survival in Drosophila."
Scanga S.E., Ruel L., Binari R.C., Snow B., Stambolic V., Bouchard D., Peters M., Calvieri B., Mak T.W., Woodgett J.R., Manoukian A.S.
Oncogene 19:3971-3977(2000) [PubMed: 10962553] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-586.
[9]"Regulation of Drosophila tracheal system development by protein kinase B."
Jin J., Anthopoulos N., Wetsch B., Binari R.C., Isaac D.D., Andrew D.J., Woodgett J.R., Manoukian A.S.
Dev. Cell 1:817-827(2001) [PubMed: 11740943] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[10]"Drosophila phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 regulates apoptosis and growth via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signaling pathway."
Cho K.S., Lee J.H., Kim S., Kim D., Koh H., Lee J., Kim C., Kim J., Chung J.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:6144-6149(2001) [PubMed: 11344272] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION.
[11]"PDK1 regulates growth through Akt and S6K in Drosophila."
Rintelen F., Stocker H., Thomas G., Hafen E.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:15020-15025(2001) [PubMed: 11752451] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[12]"Akt regulates growth by directly phosphorylating Tsc2."
Potter C.J., Pedraza L.G., Xu T.
Nat. Cell Biol. 4:658-665(2002) [PubMed: 12172554] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[13]"Living with lethal PIP3 levels: viability of flies lacking PTEN restored by a PH domain mutation in Akt/PKB."
Stocker H., Andjelkovic M., Oldham S., Laffargue M., Wymann M.P., Hemmings B.A., Hafen E.
Science 295:2088-2091(2002) [PubMed: 11872800] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-180 AND PHE-408.
[14]"Coordinated functions of Akt/PKB and ETS1 in tubule formation."
Lavenburg K.R., Ivey J., Hsu T., Muise-Helmericks R.C.
FASEB J. 17:2278-2280(2003) [PubMed: 14525946] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[15]"Control of cell number by Drosophila FOXO: downstream and feedback regulation of the insulin receptor pathway."
Puig O., Marr M.T., Ruhf M.L., Tjian R.
Genes Dev. 17:2006-2020(2003) [PubMed: 12893776] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[16]"Tsc2 is not a critical target of Akt during normal Drosophila development."
Dong J., Pan D.
Genes Dev. 18:2479-2484(2004) [PubMed: 15466161] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[17]"dAkt kinase controls follicle cell size during Drosophila oogenesis."
Cavaliere V., Donati A., Hsouna A., Hsu T., Gargiulo G.
Dev. Dyn. 232:845-854(2005) [PubMed: 15712201] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
[18]"PHLPP: a phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates Akt, promotes apoptosis, and suppresses tumor growth."
Gao T., Furnari F., Newton A.C.
Mol. Cell 18:13-24(2005) [PubMed: 15808505] [Abstract]
Cited for: DEPHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-586.
[19]"Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex."
Sarbassov D.D., Guertin D.A., Ali S.M., Sabatini D.M.
Science 307:1098-1101(2005) [PubMed: 15718470] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-586.
[20]"Phosphoproteome analysis of Drosophila melanogaster embryos."
Zhai B., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Mintseris J., Gygi S.P.
J. Proteome Res. 7:1675-1682(2008) [PubMed: 18327897] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-30, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Embryo.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

Z26242 mRNA. Translation: CAA81204.1.
X83510 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA58499.2.
X83510 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA58500.1.
AE014297 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF55275.1.
AE014297 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAN13699.3.
AY069856 mRNA. Translation: AAL40001.1.
PIRA55888.
RefSeqNP_732113.3.
NP_732114.1.
UniGeneDm.1219

3D structure databases

HSSPHSSP built from PDB template 1A06 based on UniProtKB Q63450.
ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActQ8INB9. 42 interactions.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEQ8INB9.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblFBgn0010379. Drosophila melanogaster. [Contig view]
GeneID41957.
KEGGdme:Dmel_CG4006.

Organism-specific databases

FlyBaseFBgn0010379. Akt1.

Phylogenomic databases

OMAQ8INB9. SHERIFT.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BRENDA2.7.11.1. 48.
ReactomeREACT_6313. Insulin receptor mediated signaling.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressQ8INB9.
GermOnlineCG4006. Drosophila melanogaster.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR000961. AGC-kinase_C.
IPR011993. PH_type.
IPR017892. Pkinase_C.
IPR001849. Pleckstrin_homology.
IPR000719. Prot_kinase_core.
IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS.
IPR017442. Se/Thr_pkinase-rel.
IPR008271. Ser_thr_pkin_AS.
IPR002290. Ser_thr_pkinase.
IPR015744. Serine/threonine_Kinase_Rac.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:2.30.29.30. PH_type. 1 hit.
PANTHERPTHR22985:SF69. Akt. 1 hit.
PfamPF00169. PH. 1 hit.
PF00069. Pkinase. 1 hit.
PF00433. Pkinase_C. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
ProDomPD000001. Prot_kinase. 1 hit.
[Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
SMARTSM00233. PH. 1 hit.
SM00133. S_TK_X. 1 hit.
SM00220. S_TKc. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PROSITEPS51285. AGC_KINASE_CTER. 1 hit.
PS50003. PH_DOMAIN. 1 hit.
PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit.
PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit.
PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other Resources

NextBio826461.

Entry information

Entry nameAKT1_DROME
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: Q8INB9
Secondary accession number(s): Q0KI65 expand/collapse secondary AC list , Q24293, Q24469, Q24470, Q7JN11, Q8T9A5, Q9VEY7
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: January 24, 2006
Last sequence update: December 7, 2004
Last modified: June 16, 2009
This is version 64 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectDrosophila annotation project

Relevant documents

Drosophila

Drosophila: entries, gene names and cross-references to FlyBase

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents