Q8GXW1 (RGL2_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 29, 2013.
Version 76.
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Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: DELLA protein RGL2 Alternative name(s): GRAS family protein 15 Short name=AtGRAS-15 RGA-like protein 2 Scarecrow-like protein 19 Short name=AtSCL19 | ||||||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Reference proteome] | ||||||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 3702 [NCBI] | ||||||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 547 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Acts as a major GA-response repressor of seed germination, including seed thermoinhibition. Promotes the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), especially in seed coats to maintain seed dormancy. Delays flowering and adult leaf production. Also regulates the floral development, petal, stamen and anther development, by repressing the continued growth of floral organs. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene. Involved in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination, including glucose-induced delay of seed germination. Promotes salt tolerance. Acts as a repressor of positive regulators of trichome initiation. Required during the flagellin-derived peptide flg22-mediated growth inhibition. Contributes to the susceptibility to the biotrophic pathogen P.syringae pv. tomato and to the resistance to the necrotrophic pathogens B.cinerea A.brassicicola, probably by repressing the SA-defense pathway and preventing cell death. Prevents stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation (e.g. salt stress) by acting on the ROS scavenging system, and delays ROS-induced cell death, thus promoting stress tolerance. Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.20 Ref.21 Ref.22 Ref.23 Ref.26 Ref.27 |
| Subunit structure | Interacts directly with the GID2/SLY1 component of the SCF(GID2) complex. Interacts (via N-terminus) with GID1A, GID1B and GID1C (via N-terminus). Binds to bHLH transcription factors such as PIF1, PIF4, PIF6 and SPT. Ref.9 Ref.15 Ref.25 Ref.26 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Predominantly expressed in germinating seeds, flowers and siliques. Only detectable in the inflorescence, with high levels in young flower buds and significant levels in siliques. In imbibed seeds, it is restricted to seed coats, elongating regions of pre-emergent and recently emerged radicles, endosperm (especially micropylar endosperm), and embryonic axis. Not expressed in leaves, bolting stems or roots. Ref.5 Ref.22 Ref.25 Ref.26 Ref.27 |
| Induction | Up-regulated transiently following seed imbibition to decline rapidly as germination proceeds; this induction is delayed at supraoptimal temperature conditions (e.g. 34 degrees Celsius). Accumulates in seed coats of dormant seeds where germination does not occur after imbibition. Increased levels upon abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Down-regulated by norflurazon (NF), an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor. Induced by stress such as glucose, salt or mannitol treatment. Ref.5 Ref.14 Ref.17 Ref.21 Ref.22 Ref.23 Ref.27 |
| Domain | The DELLA motif is required for its GA-induced degradation but not for the interaction with GID2. |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation on Tyr residues is required for proteasome-mediated degradation in response to gibberellic acid (GA). Dephosphorylation may be prerequisite for its degradation by the proteasome. Ref.12 Ref.19 Ubiquitinated Probable. Upon GA application or seed imbibation, it is ubiquitinated by the SCF(GID2) complex, leading to its subsequent degradation. Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.24 |
| Disruption phenotype | Higher germination rate in the presence of glucose and at supraoptimal temperature conditions. Ref.14 Ref.23 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the GRAS family. DELLA subfamily. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GID1A | Q9MAA7 | 3 | EBI-963665,EBI-963597 | |
| GID1C | Q940G6 | 3 | EBI-963665,EBI-963794 |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 547 | 547 | DELLA protein RGL2 | PRO_0000132237 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Motif | 44 – 48 | 5 | DELLA motif | ||||||
| Motif | 66 – 70 | 5 | LEXLE motif | ||||||
| Motif | 87 – 91 | 5 | VHYNP motif | ||||||
| Motif | 286 – 290 | 5 | VHIID | ||||||
| Motif | 385 – 389 | 5 | LXXLL motif | ||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 44 – 48 | 5 | Missing: Induces a resistance to GA-mediated degradation. | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 52 | 1 | Y → A or E: Induces a resistance to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.12 Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 52 | 1 | Y → F: Normal GA-mediated degradation. Ref.12 Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 57 | 1 | S → D: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 86 | 1 | S → D: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 89 | 1 | Y → A or E: Induces a resistance to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 89 | 1 | Y → F: Normal GA-mediated degradation. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 103 | 1 | S → D: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 212 | 1 | S → D: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 223 | 1 | Y → A or E: Induces a resistance to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 223 | 1 | Y → F: Normal GA-mediated degradation. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 259 | 1 | Y → A: Induces a partial resistance to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 271 | 1 | T → C: Induces a decrease to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 271 | 1 | T → E: Null mutant; induces a resistance to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 319 | 1 | T → C: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 319 | 1 | T → E: Induces a resistance to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 381 | 1 | S → D: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 411 | 1 | T → C: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 411 | 1 | T → E: Induces a resistance to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 435 | 1 | Y → A or E: Induces a resistance to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 435 | 1 | Y → F: Induces a resistance to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 436 | 1 | S → D: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 437 | 1 | S → D: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 441 | 1 | S → C: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 441 | 1 | S → D: Induces a resistance to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 456 | 1 | S → D: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 481 | 1 | T → E: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 501 | 1 | S → D: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 508 | 1 | S → D: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 535 | 1 | T → C: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 535 | 1 | T → E: Induces a resistance to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 542 | 1 | S → C: No effect. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 542 | 1 | S → D: Induces a resistance to GA-mediated degradation. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 210 | 1 | A → T in BAC42642. Ref.3 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Salanoubat M., Lemcke K., Rieger M., Ansorge W., Unseld M., Fartmann B., Valle G., Bloecker H., Perez-Alonso M., Obermaier B., Delseny M., Boutry M., Grivell L.A., Mache R., Puigdomenech P., De Simone V., Choisne N., Artiguenave F. Tabata S.Nature 408:820-822(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia. |
| [2] | The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia. |
| [3] | "Functional annotation of a full-length Arabidopsis cDNA collection." Seki M., Narusaka M., Kamiya A., Ishida J., Satou M., Sakurai T., Nakajima M., Enju A., Akiyama K., Oono Y., Muramatsu M., Hayashizaki Y., Kawai J., Carninci P., Itoh M., Ishii Y., Arakawa T., Shibata K., Shinagawa A., Shinozaki K. Science 296:141-145(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia. |
| [4] | "The GRAS gene family in Arabidopsis: sequence characterization and basic expression analysis of the SCARECROW-LIKE genes." Pysh L.D., Wysocka-Diller J.W., Camilleri C., Bouchez D., Benfey P.N. Plant J. 18:111-119(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION. |
| [5] | "Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis seed germination via RGL2, a GAI/RGA-like gene whose expression is up-regulated following imbibition." Lee S., Cheng H., King K.E., Wang W., He Y., Hussain A., Lo J., Harberd N.P., Peng J. Genes Dev. 16:646-658(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION. |
| [6] | "Auxin promotes Arabidopsis root growth by modulating gibberellin response." Fu X., Harberd N.P. Nature 421:740-743(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [7] | "Ethylene regulates Arabidopsis development via the modulation of DELLA protein growth repressor function." Achard P., Vriezen W.H., Van Der Straeten D., Harberd N.P. Plant Cell 15:2816-2825(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [8] | "Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis floral development via suppression of DELLA protein function." Cheng H., Qin L., Lee S., Fu X., Richards D.E., Cao D., Luo D., Harberd N.P., Peng J. Development 131:1055-1064(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [9] | "Della proteins and gibberellin-regulated seed germination and floral development in Arabidopsis." Tyler L., Thomas S.G., Hu J., Dill A., Alonso J.M., Ecker J.R., Sun T.-P. Plant Physiol. 135:1008-1019(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROBABLE UBIQUITINATION, DEGRADATION, INTERACTION WITH GID2. |
| [10] | "Floral homeotic genes are targets of gibberellin signaling in flower development." Yu H., Ito T., Zhao Y., Peng J., Kumar P., Meyerowitz E.M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:7827-7832(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [11] | "Loss of function of four DELLA genes leads to light- and gibberellin-independent seed germination in Arabidopsis." Cao D., Hussain A., Cheng H., Peng J. Planta 223:105-113(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [12] | "Identification of the conserved serine/threonine residues important for gibberellin-sensitivity of Arabidopsis RGL2 protein." Hussain A., Cao D., Cheng H., Wen Z., Peng J. Plant J. 44:88-99(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROBABLE UBIQUITINATION, DEGRADATION, PHOSPHORYLATION, MUTAGENESIS OF 48-ASP--ALA-52; TYR-52; SER-57; SER-86; SER-103; SER-212; THR-271; THR-319; SER-381; THR-411; SER-436; SER-437; SER-441; SER-456; THR-481; SER-501; SER-508; THR-535 AND SER-542. |
| [13] | "DELLA-mediated cotyledon expansion breaks coat-imposed seed dormancy." Penfield S., Gilday A.D., Halliday K.J., Graham I.A. Curr. Biol. 16:2366-2370(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [14] | "Phytohormone signalling pathways interact with sugars during seed germination and seedling development." Yuan K., Wysocka-Diller J. J. Exp. Bot. 57:3359-3367(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, INDUCTION BY GLUCOSE. |
| [15] | "Identification and characterization of Arabidopsis gibberellin receptors." Nakajima M., Shimada A., Takashi Y., Kim Y.C., Park S.H., Ueguchi-Tanaka M., Suzuki H., Katoh E., Iuchi S., Kobayashi M., Maeda T., Matsuoka M., Yamaguchi I. Plant J. 46:880-889(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH GID1A; GID1B AND GID1C. |
| [16] | "Integration of plant responses to environmentally activated phytohormonal signals." Achard P., Cheng H., De Grauwe L., Decat J., Schoutteten H., Moritz T., Van Der Straeten D., Peng J., Harberd N.P. Science 311:91-94(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [17] | "Seed germination of GA-insensitive sleepy1 mutants does not require RGL2 protein disappearance in Arabidopsis." Ariizumi T., Steber C.M. Plant Cell 19:791-804(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INDUCTION. |
| [18] | "Genetic and molecular regulation by DELLA proteins of trichome development in Arabidopsis." Gan Y., Yu H., Peng J., Broun P. Plant Physiol. 145:1031-1042(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [19] | "Identification of conserved tyrosine residues important for gibberellin sensitivity of Arabidopsis RGL2 protein." Hussain A., Cao D., Peng J. Planta 226:475-483(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION OF TYR RESIDUES, MUTAGENESIS OF TYR-52; TYR-89; TYR-223; TYR-259 AND TYR-435. |
| [20] | "DELLAs control plant immune responses by modulating the balance of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling." Navarro L., Bari R., Achard P., Lison P., Nemri A., Harberd N.P., Jones J.D.G. Curr. Biol. 18:650-655(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. Strain: cv. Landsberg erecta. |
| [21] | "Plant DELLAs restrain growth and promote survival of adversity by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species." Achard P., Renou J.-P., Berthome R., Harberd N.P., Genschik P. Curr. Biol. 18:656-660(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INDUCTION BY SALT AND MANNITOL TREATMENT. |
| [22] | "The gibberellic acid signaling repressor RGL2 inhibits Arabidopsis seed germination by stimulating abscisic acid synthesis and ABI5 activity." Piskurewicz U., Jikumaru Y., Kinoshita N., Nambara E., Kamiya Y., Lopez-Molina L. Plant Cell 20:2729-2745(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INDUCTION BY ABA, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [23] | "High temperature-induced abscisic acid biosynthesis and its role in the inhibition of gibberellin action in Arabidopsis seeds." Toh S., Imamura A., Watanabe A., Nakabayashi K., Okamoto M., Jikumaru Y., Hanada A., Aso Y., Ishiyama K., Tamura N., Iuchi S., Kobayashi M., Yamaguchi S., Kamiya Y., Nambara E., Kawakami N. Plant Physiol. 146:1368-1385(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, INDUCTION BY IMBIBITION. |
| [24] | "Biochemical insights on degradation of Arabidopsis DELLA proteins gained from a cell-free assay system." Wang F., Zhu D., Huang X., Li S., Gong Y., Yao Q., Fu X., Fan L.-M., Deng X.W. Plant Cell 21:2378-2390(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DEGRADATION BY PROTEASOME. |
| [25] | "Differential expression and affinities of Arabidopsis gibberellin receptors can explain variation in phenotypes of multiple knock-out mutants." Suzuki H., Park S.-H., Okubo K., Kitamura J., Ueguchi-Tanaka M., Iuchi S., Katoh E., Kobayashi M., Yamaguchi I., Matsuoka M., Asami T., Nakajima M. Plant J. 60:48-55(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INTERACTION WITH GID1A; GID1B AND GID1C. |
| [26] | "Transcriptional diversification and functional conservation between DELLA proteins in Arabidopsis." Gallego-Bartolome J., Minguet E.G., Marin J.A., Prat S., Blazquez M.A., Alabadi D. Mol. Biol. Evol. 27:1247-1256(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INTERACTION WITH PIF1; PIF4; PIF6 AND SPT. Strain: cv. Landsberg erecta. |
| [27] | "A seed coat bedding assay shows that RGL2-dependent release of abscisic acid by the endosperm controls embryo growth in Arabidopsis dormant seeds." Lee K.P., Piskurewicz U., Tureckova V., Strnad M., Lopez-Molina L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107:19108-19113(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INDUCTION DURING IMBIBITION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
| Protein Spotlight Kiss of life - Issue 137 of April 2012 |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AC009895 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF01590.1. CP002686 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE73945.1. AK118009 mRNA. Translation: BAC42642.1. |
| IPI | IPI00521981. |
| RefSeq | NP_186995.1. NM_111216.2. |
| UniGene | At.18489. At.67027. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q8GXW1. |
| SMR | Q8GXW1. Positions 44-106. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q8GXW1. 3 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-8069272. |
| STRING | 3702.AT3G03450.1-P. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| EnsemblPlants | AT3G03450.1; AT3G03450.1; AT3G03450. |
| GeneID | 821251. |
| KEGG | ath:AT3G03450. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| GeneFarm | 4240. 427. |
| TAIR | At3g03450. |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG243696. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000238577. |
| InParanoid | Q8GXW1. |
| KO | K14494. |
| OMA | MLSELNN. |
| PhylomeDB | Q8GXW1. |
| ProtClustDB | CLSN2684085. |
Gene expression databases | |
| Genevestigator | Q8GXW1. |
| GermOnline | AT3G03450. Arabidopsis thaliana. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR021914. TF_DELLA_N. IPR005202. TF_GRAS. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF12041. DELLA. 1 hit. PF03514. GRAS. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS50985. GRAS. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | RGL2_ARATH | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q8GXW1 Secondary accession number(s): Q9SRP9 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Plant Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana: entries and gene names |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |
| Protein Spotlight Protein Spotlight articles and cited UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries |

Clusters with
