ID VMAT2_MOUSE Reviewed; 517 AA. AC Q8BRU6; Q8CC55; DT 19-SEP-2003, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-MAR-2003, sequence version 1. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 163. DE RecName: Full=Synaptic vesicular amine transporter; DE AltName: Full=Monoamine transporter; DE AltName: Full=Solute carrier family 18 member 2; DE AltName: Full=Vesicular amine transporter 2; DE Short=VAT2; GN Name=Slc18a2; Synonyms=Vmat2; OS Mus musculus (Mouse). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; OC Murinae; Mus; Mus. OX NCBI_TaxID=10090; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RC STRAIN=C57BL/6J; TISSUE=Brain; RA Gilsbach R., Bonisch H., Bruess M.; RT "Molecular cloning and pharmacological characterization of the mouse RT vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (mVMAT2)."; RL Submitted (APR-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC STRAIN=C57BL/6J; TISSUE=Aorta, Diencephalon, and Vein; RX PubMed=16141072; DOI=10.1126/science.1112014; RA Carninci P., Kasukawa T., Katayama S., Gough J., Frith M.C., Maeda N., RA Oyama R., Ravasi T., Lenhard B., Wells C., Kodzius R., Shimokawa K., RA Bajic V.B., Brenner S.E., Batalov S., Forrest A.R., Zavolan M., Davis M.J., RA Wilming L.G., Aidinis V., Allen J.E., Ambesi-Impiombato A., Apweiler R., RA Aturaliya R.N., Bailey T.L., Bansal M., Baxter L., Beisel K.W., Bersano T., RA Bono H., Chalk A.M., Chiu K.P., Choudhary V., Christoffels A., RA Clutterbuck D.R., Crowe M.L., Dalla E., Dalrymple B.P., de Bono B., RA Della Gatta G., di Bernardo D., Down T., Engstrom P., Fagiolini M., RA Faulkner G., Fletcher C.F., Fukushima T., Furuno M., Futaki S., RA Gariboldi M., Georgii-Hemming P., Gingeras T.R., Gojobori T., Green R.E., RA Gustincich S., Harbers M., Hayashi Y., Hensch T.K., Hirokawa N., Hill D., RA Huminiecki L., Iacono M., Ikeo K., Iwama A., Ishikawa T., Jakt M., RA Kanapin A., Katoh M., Kawasawa Y., Kelso J., Kitamura H., Kitano H., RA Kollias G., Krishnan S.P., Kruger A., Kummerfeld S.K., Kurochkin I.V., RA Lareau L.F., Lazarevic D., Lipovich L., Liu J., Liuni S., McWilliam S., RA Madan Babu M., Madera M., Marchionni L., Matsuda H., Matsuzawa S., Miki H., RA Mignone F., Miyake S., Morris K., Mottagui-Tabar S., Mulder N., Nakano N., RA Nakauchi H., Ng P., Nilsson R., Nishiguchi S., Nishikawa S., Nori F., RA Ohara O., Okazaki Y., Orlando V., Pang K.C., Pavan W.J., Pavesi G., RA Pesole G., Petrovsky N., Piazza S., Reed J., Reid J.F., Ring B.Z., RA Ringwald M., Rost B., Ruan Y., Salzberg S.L., Sandelin A., Schneider C., RA Schoenbach C., Sekiguchi K., Semple C.A., Seno S., Sessa L., Sheng Y., RA Shibata Y., Shimada H., Shimada K., Silva D., Sinclair B., Sperling S., RA Stupka E., Sugiura K., Sultana R., Takenaka Y., Taki K., Tammoja K., RA Tan S.L., Tang S., Taylor M.S., Tegner J., Teichmann S.A., Ueda H.R., RA van Nimwegen E., Verardo R., Wei C.L., Yagi K., Yamanishi H., RA Zabarovsky E., Zhu S., Zimmer A., Hide W., Bult C., Grimmond S.M., RA Teasdale R.D., Liu E.T., Brusic V., Quackenbush J., Wahlestedt C., RA Mattick J.S., Hume D.A., Kai C., Sasaki D., Tomaru Y., Fukuda S., RA Kanamori-Katayama M., Suzuki M., Aoki J., Arakawa T., Iida J., Imamura K., RA Itoh M., Kato T., Kawaji H., Kawagashira N., Kawashima T., Kojima M., RA Kondo S., Konno H., Nakano K., Ninomiya N., Nishio T., Okada M., Plessy C., RA Shibata K., Shiraki T., Suzuki S., Tagami M., Waki K., Watahiki A., RA Okamura-Oho Y., Suzuki H., Kawai J., Hayashizaki Y.; RT "The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome."; RL Science 309:1559-1563(2005). RN [3] RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DISRUPTION RP PHENOTYPE. RX PubMed=9427251; DOI=10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80419-5; RA Wang Y.M., Gainetdinov R.R., Fumagalli F., Xu F., Jones S.R., Bock C.B., RA Miller G.W., Wightman R.M., Caron M.G.; RT "Knockout of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 gene results in neonatal RT death and supersensitivity to cocaine and amphetamine."; RL Neuron 19:1285-1296(1997). RN [4] RP FUNCTION. RX PubMed=10618388; DOI=10.1073/pnas.97.1.162; RA Travis E.R., Wang Y.M., Michael D.J., Caron M.G., Wightman R.M.; RT "Differential quantal release of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine from RT mast cells of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 knockout mice."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:162-167(2000). RN [5] RP INTERACTION WITH SLC6A3. RX PubMed=19357284; DOI=10.1523/jneurosci.4559-08.2009; RA Egana L.A., Cuevas R.A., Baust T.B., Parra L.A., Leak R.K., Hochendoner S., RA Pena K., Quiroz M., Hong W.C., Dorostkar M.M., Janz R., Sitte H.H., RA Torres G.E.; RT "Physical and functional interaction between the dopamine transporter and RT the synaptic vesicle protein synaptogyrin-3."; RL J. Neurosci. 29:4592-4604(2009). CC -!- FUNCTION: Electrogenic antiporter that exchanges one cationic monoamine CC with two intravesicular protons across the membrane of secretory and CC synaptic vesicles. Uses the electrochemical proton gradient established CC by the V-type proton-pump ATPase to accumulate high concentrations of CC monoamines inside the vesicles prior to their release via exocytosis. CC Transports a variety of catecholamines such as dopamine, adrenaline and CC noradrenaline, histamine, and indolamines such as serotonin CC (PubMed:10618388) (By similarity). Regulates the transvesicular CC monoaminergic gradient that determines the quantal size. Mediates CC somatodendritic dopamine release in hippocampal neurons, likely as part CC of a regulated secretory pathway that integrates retrograde synaptic CC signals (By similarity). Acts as a primary transporter for striatal CC dopamine loading ensuring impulse-dependent release of dopamine at the CC synaptic cleft (PubMed:9427251). Responsible for histamine and CC serotonin storage and subsequent corelease from mast cell granules CC (PubMed:10618388) (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:10618388, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9427251}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=2 H(+)(out) + serotonin(in) = 2 H(+)(in) + serotonin(out); CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:73743, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:350546; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:73744; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=dopamine(in) + 2 H(+)(out) = dopamine(out) + 2 H(+)(in); CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:73739, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:59905; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:73740; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=2 H(+)(out) + histamine(in) = 2 H(+)(in) + histamine(out); CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:73755, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:58432; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:73756; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827}; CC -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with SLC6A3. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19357284}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic CC vesicle membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9427251}; Multi-pass membrane CC protein {ECO:0000255}. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle membrane CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827}; Multi-pass membrane protein CC {ECO:0000255}. Cell projection, axon {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827}. CC Cell projection, dendrite {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827}. Note=Sorted CC to large dense core granules in neuroendocrine cells, presumably at the CC level of the trans-Golgi network. In neurons it is predominantly CC detected in somatodendritic tubulovesicular membranes, a distinct CC population of secretory vesicles that undergo calcium-dependent CC exocytosis in axons and dendrites upon depolarization. Localized at CC synaptic vesicles in axons. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827}. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in striata and substantia nigra. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9427251}. CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Mice are born at the expected Mendelian rate. The CC homozygous mutants show severe growth retardation and the majority die CC shortly after birth. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9427251}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Vesicular CC transporter family. {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; AJ555564; CAD88262.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK033871; BAC28501.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK041274; BAC30887.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS29935.1; -. DR RefSeq; NP_766111.1; NM_172523.3. DR AlphaFoldDB; Q8BRU6; -. DR SMR; Q8BRU6; -. DR MINT; Q8BRU6; -. DR STRING; 10090.ENSMUSP00000026084; -. DR BindingDB; Q8BRU6; -. DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL4295886; -. DR DrugBank; DB01126; Dutasteride. DR GlyCosmos; Q8BRU6; 5 sites, No reported glycans. DR GlyGen; Q8BRU6; 6 sites, 1 O-linked glycan (1 site). DR iPTMnet; Q8BRU6; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q8BRU6; -. DR EPD; Q8BRU6; -. DR MaxQB; Q8BRU6; -. DR PaxDb; 10090-ENSMUSP00000026084; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 297607; -. DR Antibodypedia; 2802; 444 antibodies from 38 providers. DR DNASU; 214084; -. DR Ensembl; ENSMUST00000026084.5; ENSMUSP00000026084.4; ENSMUSG00000025094.9. DR GeneID; 214084; -. DR KEGG; mmu:214084; -. DR UCSC; uc008ibi.2; mouse. DR AGR; MGI:106677; -. DR CTD; 6571; -. DR MGI; MGI:106677; Slc18a2. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSMUSG00000025094; -. DR eggNOG; KOG3764; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000157593; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_001265_10_9_1; -. DR InParanoid; Q8BRU6; -. DR OMA; ATMYIAL; -. DR OrthoDB; 5388206at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; Q8BRU6; -. DR TreeFam; TF313494; -. DR Reactome; R-MMU-181429; Serotonin Neurotransmitter Release Cycle. DR Reactome; R-MMU-181430; Norepinephrine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle. DR Reactome; R-MMU-212676; Dopamine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle. DR Reactome; R-MMU-442660; Na+/Cl- dependent neurotransmitter transporters. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 214084; 3 hits in 80 CRISPR screens. DR PRO; PR:Q8BRU6; -. DR Proteomes; UP000000589; Chromosome 19. DR RNAct; Q8BRU6; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSMUSG00000025094; Expressed in ventral tegmental area and 166 other cell types or tissues. DR GO; GO:0030424; C:axon; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0043679; C:axon terminus; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0044297; C:cell body; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0042995; C:cell projection; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0005813; C:centrosome; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0030425; C:dendrite; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0031045; C:dense core granule; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0098691; C:dopaminergic synapse; IDA:SynGO. DR GO; GO:0043231; C:intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0043025; C:neuronal cell body; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0098992; C:neuronal dense core vesicle; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0099012; C:neuronal dense core vesicle membrane; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0098794; C:postsynapse; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0030667; C:secretory granule membrane; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0008021; C:synaptic vesicle; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0030672; C:synaptic vesicle membrane; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0043195; C:terminal bouton; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0005275; F:amine transmembrane transporter activity; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0019899; F:enzyme binding; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0031072; F:heat shock protein binding; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:1901363; F:heterocyclic compound binding; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0015311; F:monoamine:proton antiporter activity; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0005335; F:serotonin:sodium:chloride symporter activity; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0042910; F:xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0015842; P:aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0071466; P:cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0002553; P:histamine secretion by mast cell; IMP:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0051615; P:histamine uptake; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0030073; P:insulin secretion; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0007626; P:locomotory behavior; IMP:MGI. DR GO; GO:0015844; P:monoamine transport; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0051589; P:negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0098700; P:neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle; IDA:SynGO. DR GO; GO:0006836; P:neurotransmitter transport; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0009791; P:post-embryonic development; IMP:MGI. DR GO; GO:0001975; P:response to amphetamine; IMP:MGI. DR GO; GO:0009636; P:response to toxic substance; IMP:MGI. DR GO; GO:0002552; P:serotonin secretion by mast cell; IMP:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0051610; P:serotonin uptake; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0099123; P:somato-dendritic dopamine secretion; ISS:UniProtKB. DR CDD; cd17384; MFS_SLC18A1_2_VAT1_2; 1. DR Gene3D; 1.20.1250.20; MFS general substrate transporter like domains; 2. DR InterPro; IPR011701; MFS. DR InterPro; IPR020846; MFS_dom. DR InterPro; IPR036259; MFS_trans_sf. DR InterPro; IPR004734; Multidrug-R. DR NCBIfam; TIGR00880; 2_A_01_02; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR23506; -; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR23506:SF30; SYNAPTIC VESICULAR AMINE TRANSPORTER; 1. DR Pfam; PF07690; MFS_1; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF103473; MFS general substrate transporter; 1. DR PROSITE; PS50850; MFS; 1. DR Genevisible; Q8BRU6; MM. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Cell projection; Cytoplasmic vesicle; Disulfide bond; Glycoprotein; KW Membrane; Neurotransmitter transport; Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome; KW Synapse; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; Transport. FT CHAIN 1..517 FT /note="Synaptic vesicular amine transporter" FT /id="PRO_0000127515" FT TOPO_DOM 1..20 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 21..41 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 42..132 FT /note="Lumenal, vesicle" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 133..153 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 154..162 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 163..183 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 184..192 FT /note="Lumenal, vesicle" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 193..213 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 214..222 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 223..245 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 246..251 FT /note="Lumenal, vesicle" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 252..274 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 275..294 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 295..314 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 315..331 FT /note="Lumenal, vesicle" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 332..355 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 356..360 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 361..381 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 382..392 FT /note="Lumenal, vesicle" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 393..413 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 414..417 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 418..438 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 439..443 FT /note="Lumenal, vesicle" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 444..465 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 466..517 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT REGION 100..119 FT /note="Disordered" FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite" FT MOD_RES 514 FT /note="Phosphoserine; by CK2" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827" FT MOD_RES 516 FT /note="Phosphoserine; by CK2" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01827" FT CARBOHYD 56 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 83 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 84 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 91 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 113 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT DISULFID 120..327 FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT CONFLICT 150 FT /note="P -> T (in Ref. 2; BAC28501)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" SQ SEQUENCE 517 AA; 55754 MW; 97B40B65DE3DDBEE CRC64; MALSDLVLLR WLRDSRHSRK LILFIVFLAL LLDNMLLTVV VPIIPSYLYS IKHEKNTTEI QTARPALTAS TSESFHSIFS YYNNSTVFTG NATGGLPGGE SPKATTTQHT VTNTTVPPDC PSEDKDLLNE NVQVGLLFAS KATVQLLTNP FIGLLTNRIG YPIPMFAGFC IMFISTVMFA FSSSYAFLLI ARSLQGIGSS CSSVAGMGML ASVYTDDEER GNAMGIALGG LAMGVLVGPP FGSVLYEFVG KTAPFLVLAA LVLLDGAIQL FVLQPSRVQP ESQKGTPLTT LLKDPYILIA AGSICFANMG IAMLEPALPI WMMETMCSRK WQLGVAFLPA SISYLIGTNI FGILAHKMGR WLCALLGMIV VGISILCIPF AKNIYGLIAP NFGVGFAIGM VDSSMMPIMG YLVDLRHVSV YGSVYAIADV AFCMGYAIGP SAGGAIAKAI GFPWLMTIIG IIDIVFAPLC FFLRSPPAKE EKMAILMDHN CPIKTKMYTQ NNVQPYPVGD DEESESD //