Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q86WU2 (LDHD_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Probable D-lactate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
      Short name=Lactate dehydrogenase D
      Short name=DLD
    EC=1.1.2.4

Gene names

Name:

LDHD

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	507 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Catalytic activity	(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
Cofactor	FAD By similarity. UniProtKB P39976
Subunit structure	Interacts with CSRP3. Ref.1
Subcellular location	Mitochondrion By similarity. UniProtKB Q7TNG8
Tissue specificity	Expressed moderately in heart and liver and at lower levels in skeletal muscle and kidney. Ref.1
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family. Contains 1 FAD-binding PCMH-type domain.
Sequence caution	The sequence AAM50322.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at several positions.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Mitochondrion
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing Polymorphism
Domain	Transit peptide
Ligand	FAD Flavoprotein
Molecular function	Oxidoreductase
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	oxidation reduction Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	mitochondrion Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular function	D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC FAD binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro protein binding Ref.1 Inferred from physical interaction. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 Ref.2 (identifier: Q86WU2-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Isoform 2 Ref.1 (identifier: Q86WU2-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     211-233: Missing.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Transit peptide	1 – ?		Mitochondrion Potential
	Chain	? – 507		Probable D-lactate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial		PRO_0000262952
Regions
	Domain	62 – 265	204	FAD-binding PCMH-type
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	211 – 233	23	Missing in isoform 2. Ref.1		VSP_052253
	Natural variant	233	1	R → K: dbSNP rs11644820.		VAR_029561
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	323	1	T → I in AAM50322. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified June 1, 2003. Version 1. Checksum: 5625743709939182	FASTA	507	54,871
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MARLLRSATW ELFPWRGYCS QKAKGELCRD FVEALKAVVG GSHVSTAAVV REQHGRDESV 70 80 90 100 110 120 HRCEPPDAVV WPQNVEQVSR LAALCYRQGV PIIPFGTGTG LEGGVCAVQG GVCVNLTHMD 130 140 150 160 170 180 RILELNQEDF SVVVEPGVTR KALNAHLRDS GLWFPVDPGA DASLCGMAAT GASGTNAVRY 190 200 210 220 230 240 GTMRDNVLNL EVVLPDGRLL HTAGRGRHFR FGFWPEIPHH TAWYSPCVSL GRRKSAAGYN 250 260 270 280 290 300 LTGLFVGSEG TLGLITATTL RLHPAPEATV AATCAFPSVQ AAVDSTVHIL QAAVPVARIE 310 320 330 340 350 360 FLDEVMMDAC NRYSKLNCLV APTLFLEFHG SQQALEEQLQ RTEEIVQQNG ASDFSWAKEA 370 380 390 400 410 420 EERSRLWTAR HNAWYAALAT RPGCKGYSTD VCVPISRLPE IVVQTKEDLN ASGLTGSIVG 430 440 450 460 470 480 HVGDGNFHCI LLVNPDDAEE LGRVKAFAEQ LGRRALALHG TCTGEHGIGM GKRQLLQEEV 490 500 GAVGVETMRQ LKAVLDPQGL MNPGKVL
	Isoform 2. Checksum: FF9C9F939CB4BDC3	FASTA	484	52,144
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MARLLRSATW ELFPWRGYCS QKAKGELCRD FVEALKAVVG GSHVSTAAVV REQHGRDESV 70 80 90 100 110 120 HRCEPPDAVV WPQNVEQVSR LAALCYRQGV PIIPFGTGTG LEGGVCAVQG GVCVNLTHMD 130 140 150 160 170 180 RILELNQEDF SVVVEPGVTR KALNAHLRDS GLWFPVDPGA DASLCGMAAT GASGTNAVRY 190 200 210 220 230 240 GTMRDNVLNL EVVLPDGRLL HTAGRGRHFR KSAAGYNLTG LFVGSEGTLG LITATTLRLH 250 260 270 280 290 300 PAPEATVAAT CAFPSVQAAV DSTVHILQAA VPVARIEFLD EVMMDACNRY SKLNCLVAPT 310 320 330 340 350 360 LFLEFHGSQQ ALEEQLQRTE EIVQQNGASD FSWAKEAEER SRLWTARHNA WYAALATRPG 370 380 390 400 410 420 CKGYSTDVCV PISRLPEIVV QTKEDLNASG LTGSIVGHVG DGNFHCILLV NPDDAEELGR 430 440 450 460 470 480 VKAFAEQLGR RALALHGTCT GEHGIGMGKR QLLQEEVGAV GVETMRQLKA VLDPQGLMNP GKVL

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Identification of putative mammalian D-lactate dehydrogenase enzymes." Flick M.J., Konieczny S.F. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 295:910-916(2002) [PubMed: 12127981] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), INTERACTION WITH CSRP3, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[2]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain and Colon.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	AY092767 mRNA. Translation: AAM50322.1. Frameshift. BC040279 mRNA. Translation: AAH40279.1. BC047902 mRNA. Translation: AAH47902.1.
IPI	IPI00218015. IPI00329133.
RefSeq	NP_705690.2. NP_919417.1.
UniGene	Hs.380929
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q86WU2.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSG00000166816. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID	197257.
KEGG	hsa:197257.
Organism-specific databases
GeneCards	GC16M073703.
HGNC	HGNC:19708. LDHD.
MIM	607490. gene.
PharmGKB	PA134917525.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	Q86WU2.
OMA	Q86WU2. VAILIDP.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyc	MetaCyc:MON-12892.
BRENDA	1.1.2.4. 247.
Gene expression databases
Bgee	Q86WU2.
CleanEx	HS_LDHD.
GermOnline	ENSG00000166816. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR016166. FAD-bd_2. IPR016167. FAD-bd_2_sub1. IPR016168. FAD-linked_Oxase_FAD-bd_sub2. IPR004113. FAD-linked_oxidase_C. IPR006094. Oxid_FAD_bind_N. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:3.30.43.10. FAD-binding_2_sub1. 1 hit. G3DSA:3.30.465.20. FAD-linked_oxidase_FAD-bd_sub2. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF02913. FAD-oxidase_C. 1 hit. PF01565. FAD_binding_4. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS51387. FAD_PCMH. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	89620.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

LDHD_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q86WU2
Secondary accession number(s): Q8IZK5

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 28, 2006
Last sequence update:	June 1, 2003
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 51 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)