Q86VQ3 (TXND2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 2

Alternative name(s):
Spermatid-specific thioredoxin-1
Short name=Sptrx-1

Gene names

Name:	TXNDC2
Synonyms:	SPTRX, SPTRX1

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	553 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Probably plays a regulatory role in sperm development. May participate in regulation of fibrous sheath (FS) assembly by supporting the formation of disulfide bonds during sperm tail morphogenesis. May also be required to rectify incorrect disulfide pairing and generate suitable pairs between the FS constituents. Can reduce disulfide bonds in vitro in the presence of NADP and thioredoxin reductase.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm. Note: In ejaculated spermatozoa, it localizes in the caudal region of the head to the end of the principal piece. Ref.1
Tissue specificity	Testis-specific. Only expressed during spermiogenesis, prominently in round and elongating spermatids. Ref.1
Sequence similarities	Contains 1 thioredoxin domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Differentiation Spermatogenesis
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing Polymorphism
Domain	Redox-active center Repeat
Molecular function	Developmental protein
PTM	Disulfide bond
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	cell differentiation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW cell redox homeostasis Non-traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: UniProtKB glycerol ether metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro multicellular organismal development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW spermatogenesis Non-traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular_component	cytoplasm Inferred from direct assay Ref.1. Source: UniProtKB nucleolus Inferred from direct assay. Source: HPA outer dense fiber Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Molecular_function	electron carrier activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro nutrient reservoir activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity Inferred from direct assay Ref.1. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: Q86VQ3-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: Q86VQ3-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-67: Missing.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 553	553	Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 2		PRO_0000120153
Regions
	Repeat	113 – 127	15	1
	Repeat	128 – 142	15	2
	Repeat	143 – 157	15	3
	Repeat	158 – 172	15	4
	Repeat	173 – 187	15	5
	Repeat	188 – 202	15	6
	Repeat	203 – 217	15	7
	Repeat	218 – 232	15	8
	Repeat	233 – 247	15	9
	Repeat	248 – 262	15	10
	Repeat	263 – 277	15	11
	Repeat	278 – 292	15	12
	Repeat	293 – 307	15	13
	Repeat	308 – 322	15	14
	Repeat	323 – 337	15	15
	Repeat	338 – 352	15	16
	Repeat	353 – 367	15	17
	Repeat	368 – 382	15	18
	Repeat	383 – 397	15	19
	Repeat	398 – 412	15	20
	Repeat	413 – 427	15	21
	Repeat	428 – 442	15	22
	Domain	429 – 553	125	Thioredoxin
	Region	113 – 442	330	22 X 15 AA approximate tandem repeat of Q-P-K-X-G-D-I-P-K-S-[PS]-E-[KE]-X-I
Amino acid modifications
	Disulfide bond	480 ↔ 483		Redox-active By similarity
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	1 – 67	67	Missing in isoform 2.		VSP_014328
	Natural variant	225	1	A → P. Corresponds to variant rs11662946 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_057351
	Natural variant	314	1	I → L. Corresponds to variant rs2240909 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_057352
	Natural variant	341	1	E → K. Ref.2 Ref.4 Corresponds to variant rs11081510 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_022762
	Natural variant	357	1	G → D. Ref.2 Ref.4 Corresponds to variant rs2240906 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_022763
	Natural variant	461	1	A → T. Ref.5 Corresponds to variant rs17732496 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_022764
	Natural variant	487	1	R → T. Ref.2 Corresponds to variant rs17805544 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_022765

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified November 30, 2010. Version 4. Checksum: 74EE3210BA5EBCF1	FASTA	553	60,404
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MDVDKELGME SVKAGASGKP EMRLGTQEET SEGDANESSL LVLSSNVPLL ALEFLEIAQA 70 80 90 100 110 120 KEKAFLPMVS HTFHMRTEES DASQEGDDLP KSSANTSHPK QDDSPKSSEE TIQPKEGDIP 130 140 150 160 170 180 KAPEETIQSK KEDLPKSSEK AIQPKESNIP KSSAKPIQPK LGNIPKASVK PSQPKEGDIP 190 200 210 220 230 240 KAPEETIQSK KEDLPKSSEE AIQPKEGDIP KSSAKPIQPK LGNIAKTSVK PSQPKESDIP 250 260 270 280 290 300 KSPEETIQPK EGDIPKSSAK PIQPKLGNIP KASVKPSQPK EGDISKSPEE AIQPKEGDLP 310 320 330 340 350 360 KSLEEAIQPK EGDIPKSPEE AIQPKEGDIP KSLEEAIQPK EGDIPKSPEE TIQPKKGDIP 370 380 390 400 410 420 KSPEEAIQPK EGDIPKSPKQ AIQPKEGDIP KSLEEAIPPK EIDIPKSPEE TIQPKEDDSP 430 440 450 460 470 480 KSLEEATPSK EGDILKPEEE TMEFPEGDKV KVILSKEDFE ASLKEAGERL VAVDFSATWC 490 500 510 520 530 540 GPCRTIRPFF HALSVKHEDV VFLEVDADNC EEVVRECAIM CVPTFQFYKK EEKVDELCGA 550 LKEKLEAVIA ELK
	Isoform 2 [UniParc]. Checksum: C9C7056E2E8D4BAF	FASTA	486	53,271
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MVSHTFHMRT EESDASQEGD DLPKSSANTS HPKQDDSPKS SEETIQPKEG DIPKAPEETI 70 80 90 100 110 120 QSKKEDLPKS SEKAIQPKES NIPKSSAKPI QPKLGNIPKA SVKPSQPKEG DIPKAPEETI 130 140 150 160 170 180 QSKKEDLPKS SEEAIQPKEG DIPKSSAKPI QPKLGNIAKT SVKPSQPKES DIPKSPEETI 190 200 210 220 230 240 QPKEGDIPKS SAKPIQPKLG NIPKASVKPS QPKEGDISKS PEEAIQPKEG DLPKSLEEAI 250 260 270 280 290 300 QPKEGDIPKS PEEAIQPKEG DIPKSLEEAI QPKEGDIPKS PEETIQPKKG DIPKSPEEAI 310 320 330 340 350 360 QPKEGDIPKS PKQAIQPKEG DIPKSLEEAI PPKEIDIPKS PEETIQPKED DSPKSLEEAT 370 380 390 400 410 420 PSKEGDILKP EEETMEFPEG DKVKVILSKE DFEASLKEAG ERLVAVDFSA TWCGPCRTIR 430 440 450 460 470 480 PFFHALSVKH EDVVFLEVDA DNCEEVVREC AIMCVPTFQF YKKEEKVDEL CGALKEKLEA VIAELK

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Characterization of Sptrx, a novel member of the thioredoxin family specifically expressed in human spermatozoa." Miranda-Vizuete A., Ljung J., Damdimopoulos A.E., Gustafsson J.-A., Oko R., Pelto-Huikko M., Spyrou G. J. Biol. Chem. 276:31567-31574(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, ENZYME ACTIVITY IN VITRO.
[2]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANTS LYS-341; ASP-357 AND THR-487. Tissue: Testis.
[3]	"DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 18." Nusbaum C., Zody M.C., Borowsky M.L., Kamal M., Kodira C.D., Taylor T.D., Whittaker C.A., Chang J.L., Cuomo C.A., Dewar K., FitzGerald M.G., Yang X., Abouelleil A., Allen N.R., Anderson S., Bloom T., Bugalter B., Butler J. , Cook A., DeCaprio D., Engels R., Garber M., Gnirke A., Hafez N., Hall J.L., Norman C.H., Itoh T., Jaffe D.B., Kuroki Y., Lehoczky J., Lui A., Macdonald P., Mauceli E., Mikkelsen T.S., Naylor J.W., Nicol R., Nguyen C., Noguchi H., O'Leary S.B., Piqani B., Smith C.L., Talamas J.A., Topham K., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Wain H.M., Young S.K., Zeng Q., Zimmer A.R., Fujiyama A., Hattori M., Birren B.W., Sakaki Y., Lander E.S. Nature 437:551-555(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), VARIANTS LYS-341 AND ASP-357. Tissue: Brain.
[5]	"Towards a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs." Wiemann S., Weil B., Wellenreuther R., Gassenhuber J., Glassl S., Ansorge W., Boecher M., Bloecker H., Bauersachs S., Blum H., Lauber J., Duesterhoeft A., Beyer A., Koehrer K., Strack N., Mewes H.-W., Ottenwaelder B., Obermaier B. , Tampe J., Heubner D., Wambutt R., Korn B., Klein M., Poustka A. Genome Res. 11:422-435(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 393-553, VARIANT THR-461. Tissue: Testis.
[6]	"Human spermatid-specific thioredoxin-1 (Sptrx-1) is a two-domain protein with oxidizing activity." Jimenez A., Johansson C., Ljung J., Sagemark J., Berndt K.D., Ren B., Tibbelin G., Ladenstein R., Kieselbach T., Holmgren A., Gustafsson J.-A., Miranda-Vizuete A. FEBS Lett. 530:79-84(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ENZYME ACTIVITY IN VITRO.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF080095 mRNA. Translation: AAK94950.1. AK097656 mRNA. Translation: BAC05133.1. AC006238 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC050132 mRNA. Translation: AAH50132.1. AL136742 mRNA. Translation: CAB66676.2.
IPI	IPI00410323. IPI00479021.
RefSeq	NP_001091999.1. NM_001098529.1. NP_115619.4. NM_032243.5.
UniGene	Hs.98712.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q86VQ3.
SMR	Q86VQ3. Positions 450-552.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q86VQ3. 1 interaction.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q86VQ3.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	269849731.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	Q86VQ3.
PRIDE	Q86VQ3.
Protocols and materials databases
DNASU	84203.
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000306084; ENSP00000304908; ENSG00000168454. ENST00000357775; ENSP00000350419; ENSG00000168454.
GeneID	84203.
KEGG	hsa:84203.
UCSC	uc002koh.4. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	84203.
GeneCards	GC18P009875.
HGNC	HGNC:16470. TXNDC2.
HPA	CAB016414. HPA018817.
neXtProt	NX_Q86VQ3.
PharmGKB	PA38147.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG0526.
HOGENOM	HOG000154719.
HOVERGEN	HBG087115.
InParanoid	Q86VQ3.
OMA	GNIPKAS.
OrthoDB	EOG47PX7J.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q86VQ3.
Bgee	Q86VQ3.
CleanEx	HS_TXNDC2.
Genevestigator	Q86VQ3.
GermOnline	ENSG00000168454. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	3.40.30.10. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR001419. Glutenin. IPR005746. Thioredoxin. IPR012336. Thioredoxin-like_fold. IPR013766. Thioredoxin_domain. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR10438. PTHR10438. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF03157. Glutenin_hmw. 1 hit. PF00085. Thioredoxin. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF52833. Thiordxn-like_fd. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS00194. THIOREDOXIN_1. False negative. PS51352. THIOREDOXIN_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
GenomeRNAi	84203.
NextBio	73608.

Entry information

Entry name

TXND2_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q86VQ3
Secondary accession number(s): Q8N7U4, Q96RX3, Q9H0L8

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 5, 2005
Last sequence update:	November 30, 2010
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 98 of the entry and version 4 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.