Q86UE8 (TLK2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 112.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Serine/threonine-protein kinase tousled-like 2 EC=2.7.11.1 Alternative name(s): HsHPK PKU-alpha Tousled-like kinase 2 | ||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 772 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the process of chromatin assembly and probably also DNA replication, transcription, repair, and chromosome segregation. Phosphorylates the chromatin assembly factors ASF1A AND ASF1B. Phosphorylation of ASF1A prevents its proteasome-mediated degradation, thereby enhancing chromatin assembly. Negative regulator of amino acid starvation-induced autophagy. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.14 Ref.18 |
| Catalytic activity | |
| Cofactor | |
| Enzyme regulation | Cell cycle-regulated, with maximal activity in the S-phase. Rapidly and transiently inhibited by phosphorylation following the generation of DNA double-stranded breaks during S-phase, probably by CHEK1, possibly at Ser-750. This inhibition is cell cycle checkpoint- and ATM-dependent. Ref.2 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.14 |
| Subunit structure | Monomer and heterodimer with TLK1. Interacts with ASF1A and ASF1B. Association with 14-3-3 proteins such as YWHAZ regulates subcellular location. May also interact with FEZ1/LZTS1 and FEZ2. Ref.2 Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.10 |
| Subcellular location | Nucleus. Cytoplasm › perinuclear region. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton. Note: Colocalizes with the cytoplasmic intermediate filament system during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Present in the perinuclear region at S phase and in the nucleus at late G2. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.6 |
| Tissue specificity | Ubiquitous. Detected in placenta, fetal liver, kidney, pancreas, heart and skeletal muscle. Highly expressed in testis. Detected in spleen, thymus, colon, ovary, small intestine, prostate and peripheral blood leukocytes. Ref.1 Ref.5 |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylated at Ser-750, probably by CHEK1. Ref.9 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence AAF03095.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. The sequence AAH44925.2 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. The sequence BAA20561.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRF4 | Q15306 | 2 | EBI-1047967,EBI-751345 | |
| IRF7 | Q92985 | 2 | EBI-1047967,EBI-968267 |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q86UE8-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 Ref.2 (identifier: Q86UE8-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 375-396: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 Ref.1 (identifier: Q86UE8-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 90-121: Missing. 375-396: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 772 | 772 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase tousled-like 2 | PRO_0000086754 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 462 – 741 | 280 | Protein kinase | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 468 – 476 | 9 | ATP By similarity UniProtKB O96017 | ||||||
| Coiled coil | 225 – 276 | 52 | Potential | ||||||
| Coiled coil | 317 – 347 | 31 | Potential | ||||||
| Coiled coil | 403 – 451 | 49 | Potential | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 592 | 1 | Proton acceptor Ref.2 | ||||||
| Binding site | 491 | 1 | ATP By similarity UniProtKB O96017 | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 94 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.13 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 99 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.12 Ref.15 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 134 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.13 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 750 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by CHEK1 Probable UniProtKB Q9UKI8 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 90 – 121 | 32 | Missing in isoform 3. Ref.1 | VSP_050572 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 375 – 396 | 22 | Missing in isoform 2 and isoform 3. Ref.1 Ref.2 | VSP_050573 | |||||
| Natural variant | 6 | 1 | H → R. Ref.1 Ref.19 Corresponds to variant rs45550140 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_041216 | |||||
| Natural variant | 54 | 1 | E → D. Ref.19 | VAR_041217 | |||||
| Natural variant | 95 | 1 | A → G. Ref.19 | VAR_041218 | |||||
| Natural variant | 108 | 1 | A → G. Ref.19 | VAR_041219 | |||||
| Natural variant | 109 | 1 | R → L. Ref.19 | VAR_041220 | |||||
| Natural variant | 173 | 1 | F → L in a gastric adenocarcinoma sample; somatic mutation. Ref.19 | VAR_041221 | |||||
| Natural variant | 262 | 1 | R → Q. Ref.19 | VAR_041222 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 613 | 1 | D → A: Loss of kinase activity. Ref.2 Ref.7 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1 | 1 | M → I in BAA20561. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 161 | 1 | T → P in BAA20561. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 207 | 1 | Q → R in AAF03095. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 562 | 1 | M → I in BAA20561. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 727 | 1 | E → R in AAF03095. Ref.2 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "cDNA cloning and chromosomal mapping of genes encoding novel protein kinases termed PKU-alpha and PKU-beta, which have nuclear localization signal." Yamakawa A., Kameoka Y., Hashimoto K., Yoshitake Y., Nishikawa K., Tanihara K., Date T. Gene 202:193-201(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 3), VARIANT ARG-6, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Tissue: Placenta and Testis. |
| [2] | "Mammalian homologues of the plant tousled gene code for cell-cycle-regulated kinases with maximal activities linked to ongoing DNA replication." Sillje H.H.W., Takahashi K., Tanaka K., Van Houwe G., Nigg E.A. EMBO J. 18:5691-5702(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-613, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INTERACTION WITH TLK1, ENZYME REGULATION. Tissue: Placenta. |
| [3] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Testis. |
| [5] | "From mosquito to man: identification of a novel protein kinase, HsHPK, which is highly expressed in human hepatoma tissues." Huang A.M., Chang T.J., Cho W.L., Chou C.K. J. Biomed. Sci. 5:135-140(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 189-772 (ISOFORM 2/3), TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [6] | "Nuclear localization of protein kinase U-alpha is regulated by 14-3-3." Zhang S., Xing H., Muslin A.J. J. Biol. Chem. 274:24865-24872(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INTERACTION WITH YWHAZ. |
| [7] | "Identification of human Asf1 chromatin assembly factors as substrates of Tousled-like kinases." Sillje H.H.W., Nigg E.A. Curr. Biol. 11:1068-1073(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH ASF1A AND ASF1B, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-613. |
| [8] | "Human tousled like kinases are targeted by an ATM- and Chk1-dependent DNA damage checkpoint." Groth A., Lukas J., Nigg E.A., Sillje H.H.W., Wernstedt C., Bartek J., Hansen K. EMBO J. 22:1676-1687(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, ENZYME REGULATION. |
| [9] | "Suppression of tousled-like kinase activity after DNA damage or replication block requires ATM, NBS1 and Chk1." Krause D.R., Jonnalagadda J.C., Gatei M.H., Sillje H.H.W., Zhou B.-B., Nigg E.A., Khanna K. Oncogene 22:5927-5937(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-750, FUNCTION, ENZYME REGULATION. |
| [10] | "FEZ1 dimerization and interaction with transcription regulatory proteins involves its coiled-coil region." Assmann E.M., Alborghetti M.R., Camargo M.E.R., Kobarg J. J. Biol. Chem. 281:9869-9881(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH FEZ1 AND FEZ2. |
| [11] | "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R., Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M. Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [12] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-99, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [13] | "Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome." Oppermann F.S., Gnad F., Olsen J.V., Hornberger R., Greff Z., Keri G., Mann M., Daub H. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:1751-1764(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-94 AND SER-134, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [14] | "Phosphorylation-mediated control of histone chaperone ASF1 levels by Tousled-like kinases." Pilyugin M., Demmers J., Verrijzer C.P., Karch F., Moshkin Y.M. PLoS ONE 4:E8328-E8328(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION AS ASF1A AND ASF1B KINASE, ENZYME REGULATION. |
| [15] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-99, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell. |
| [16] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [17] | "System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation." Rigbolt K.T., Prokhorova T.A., Akimov V., Henningsen J., Johansen P.T., Kratchmarova I., Kassem M., Mann M., Olsen J.V., Blagoev B. Sci. Signal. 4:RS3-RS3(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [18] | "Genome-wide siRNA screen reveals amino acid starvation-induced autophagy requires SCOC and WAC." McKnight N.C., Jefferies H.B., Alemu E.A., Saunders R.E., Howell M., Johansen T., Tooze S.A. EMBO J. 31:1931-1946(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [19] | "Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes." Greenman C., Stephens P., Smith R., Dalgliesh G.L., Hunter C., Bignell G., Davies H., Teague J., Butler A., Stevens C., Edkins S., O'Meara S., Vastrik I., Schmidt E.E., Avis T., Barthorpe S., Bhamra G., Buck G. Stratton M.R.Nature 446:153-158(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] ARG-6; ASP-54; GLY-95; GLY-108; LEU-109; LEU-173 AND GLN-262. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AB004884 mRNA. Translation: BAA20561.1. Different initiation. AF162667 mRNA. Translation: AAF03095.1. Different initiation. CH471109 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW94346.1. CH471109 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW94348.1. BC044925 mRNA. Translation: AAH44925.2. Different initiation. |
| IPI | IPI00337659. IPI00337660. IPI00385652. |
| RefSeq | NP_001106178.1. NM_001112707.1. NP_006843.2. NM_006852.3. |
| UniGene | Hs.445078. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q86UE8. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q86UE8. 3 interactions. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000275780. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q86UE8. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 34222826. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | Q86UE8. |
| PRIDE | Q86UE8. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 11011. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000326270; ENSP00000316512; ENSG00000146872. ENST00000343388; ENSP00000340800; ENSG00000146872. ENST00000346027; ENSP00000275780; ENSG00000146872. ENST00000542523; ENSP00000442311; ENSG00000146872. |
| GeneID | 11011. |
| KEGG | hsa:11011. |
| UCSC | uc002izx.4. human. uc002izz.4. human. uc010ddp.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 11011. |
| GeneCards | GC17P060556. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0027107. |
| HGNC | HGNC:11842. TLK2. |
| MIM | 608439. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q86UE8. |
| PharmGKB | PA36544. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG0515. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000259522. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG007938. |
| InParanoid | Q86UE8. |
| KO | K08864. |
| OMA | LVYRKED. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4M65H4. |
| PhylomeDB | Q86UE8. |
Gene expression databases | |
| Bgee | Q86UE8. |
| CleanEx | HS_TLK2. |
| Genevestigator | Q86UE8. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_cat_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR002290. Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom. IPR008271. Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. IPR027086. TLK. [Graphical view] |
| PANTHER | PTHR22974:SF1. PTHR22974:SF1. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF00069. Pkinase. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00220. S_TKc. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF56112. Kinase_like. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| BindingDB | Q86UE8. |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL5404. |
| ChiTaRS | TLK2. human. |
| GenomeRNAi | 11011. |
| NextBio | 41827. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | TLK2_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q86UE8 Secondary accession number(s): D3DU07, Q9UKI7, Q9Y4F7 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human and mouse protein kinases Human and mouse protein kinases: classification and index |
| Human chromosome 17 Human chromosome 17: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
