Q7Z6I6 (RHG30_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Rho GTPase-activating protein 30

Alternative name(s):
Rho-type GTPase-activating protein 30

Gene names

Name:

ARHGAP30

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	1101 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for RAC1 and RHOA, but not for CDC42. Ref.8
Subunit structure	Interacts with RHOU in a GTP-independent manner. Ref.8
Subcellular location	Cytoplasmic vesicle Ref.8.
Sequence similarities	Contains 1 Rho-GAP domain.
Sequence caution	The sequence AAH43387.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Contaminating sequence. Potential poly-A sequence. The sequence BAD18709.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. The sequence CAI15373.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction. The sequence CAI15375.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Cytoplasmic vesicle
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing Polymorphism
Molecular function	GTPase activation
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	positive regulation of GTPase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: GOC regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome small GTPase mediated signal transduction Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome
Cellular_component	cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell cytosol Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome
Molecular_function	GTPase activator activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 4 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: Q7Z6I6-1)

Also known as: L-ARHGAP30; L-30;

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: Q7Z6I6-2)

Also known as: S-ARHGAP30; S-30;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     679-889: Missing.

Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Isoform 3 (identifier: Q7Z6I6-3)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-148: Missing.

Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Isoform 4 (identifier: Q7Z6I6-4)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     223-243: GEVESGWRSLPGTRASGSPED → QCPPCPPHIPLLGSQVSYSEP
     244-1101: Missing.

Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 1101	1101	Rho GTPase-activating protein 30		PRO_0000280478
Regions
	Domain	20 – 215	196	Rho-GAP
	Compositional bias	650 – 901	252	Glu-rich
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	996	1	Phosphoserine Ref.6
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	1 – 148	148	Missing in isoform 3.		VSP_023732
	Alternative sequence	223 – 243	21	GEVES…GSPED → QCPPCPPHIPLLGSQVSYSE P in isoform 4.		VSP_023733
	Alternative sequence	244 – 1101	858	Missing in isoform 4.		VSP_023734
	Alternative sequence	679 – 889	211	Missing in isoform 2.		VSP_023735
	Natural variant	70	1	F → L. Ref.4 Corresponds to variant rs17854839 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_031157
	Natural variant	591	1	L → V. Ref.2 Ref.4 Corresponds to variant rs3813609 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_031158
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	1034	1	S → P in BAD18709. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 (L-ARHGAP30) (L-30) [UniParc]. Last modified May 31, 2011. Version 3. Checksum: A2BBD3079C55C563	FASTA	1,101	118,582
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKSRQKGKKK GSAKERVFGC DLQEHLQHSG QEVPQVLKSC AEFVEEYGVV DGIYRLSGVS 70 80 90 100 110 120 SNIQKLRQEF ESERKPDLRR DVYLQDIHCV SSLCKAYFRE LPDPLLTYRL YDKFAEAVGV 130 140 150 160 170 180 QLEPERLVKI LEVLRELPVP NYRTLEFLMR HLVHMASFSA QTNMHARNLA IVWAPNLLRS 190 200 210 220 230 240 KDIEASGFNG TAAFMEVRVQ SIVVEFILTH VDQLFGGAAL SGGEVESGWR SLPGTRASGS 250 260 270 280 290 300 PEDLMPRPLP YHLPSILQAG DGPPQMRPYH TIIEIAEHKR KGSLKVRKWR SIFNLGRSGH 310 320 330 340 350 360 ETKRKLPRGA EDREDKSNKG TLRPAKSMDS LSAAAGASDE PEGLVGPSSP RPSPLLPESL 370 380 390 400 410 420 ENDSIEAAEG EQEPEAEALG GTNSEPGTPR AGRSAIRAGG SSRAERCAGV HISDPYNVNL 430 440 450 460 470 480 PLHITSILSV PPNIISNVSL ARLTRGLECP ALQHRPSPAS GPGPGPGLGP GPPDEKLEAS 490 500 510 520 530 540 PASSPLADSG PDDLAPALED SLSQEVQDSF SFLEDSSSSE PEWVGAEDGE VAQAEAAGAA 550 560 570 580 590 600 FSPGEDDPGM GYLEELLGVG PQVEEFSVEP PLDDLSLDEA QFVLAPSCCS LDSAGPRPEV 610 620 630 640 650 660 EEENGEEVFL SAYDDLSPLL GPKPPIWKGS GSLEGEAAGC GRQALGQGGE EQACWEVGED 670 680 690 700 710 720 KQAEPGGRLD IREEAEGSPE TKVEAGKASE DRGEAGGSQE TKVRLREGSR EETEAKEEKS 730 740 750 760 770 780 KGQKKADSME AKGVEEPGGD EYTDEKEKEI EREEDEQREE AQVEAGRDLE QGAQEDQVAE 790 800 810 820 830 840 EKWEVVQKQE AEGVREDEDK GQREKGYHEA RKDQGDGEDS RSPEAATEGG AGEVSKERES 850 860 870 880 890 900 GDGEAEGDQR AGGYYLEEDT LSEGSGVASL EVDCAKEGNP HSSEMEEVAP QPPQPEEMEP 910 920 930 940 950 960 EGQPSPDGCL CPCSLGLGGV GMRLASTLVQ VQQVRSVPVV PPKPQFAKMP SAMCSKIHVA 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 PANPCPRPGR LDGTPGERAW GSRASRSSWR NGGSLSFDAA VALARDRQRT EAQGVRRTQT 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 CTEGGDYCLI PRTSPCSMIS AHSPRPLSCL ELPSEGAEGS GSRSRLSLPP REPQVPDPLL 1090 1100 SSQRRSYAFE TQANPGKGEG L
	Isoform 2 (S-ARHGAP30) (S-30) [UniParc]. Checksum: DE42EA5D17DE34F7	FASTA	890	95,514
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKSRQKGKKK GSAKERVFGC DLQEHLQHSG QEVPQVLKSC AEFVEEYGVV DGIYRLSGVS 70 80 90 100 110 120 SNIQKLRQEF ESERKPDLRR DVYLQDIHCV SSLCKAYFRE LPDPLLTYRL YDKFAEAVGV 130 140 150 160 170 180 QLEPERLVKI LEVLRELPVP NYRTLEFLMR HLVHMASFSA QTNMHARNLA IVWAPNLLRS 190 200 210 220 230 240 KDIEASGFNG TAAFMEVRVQ SIVVEFILTH VDQLFGGAAL SGGEVESGWR SLPGTRASGS 250 260 270 280 290 300 PEDLMPRPLP YHLPSILQAG DGPPQMRPYH TIIEIAEHKR KGSLKVRKWR SIFNLGRSGH 310 320 330 340 350 360 ETKRKLPRGA EDREDKSNKG TLRPAKSMDS LSAAAGASDE PEGLVGPSSP RPSPLLPESL 370 380 390 400 410 420 ENDSIEAAEG EQEPEAEALG GTNSEPGTPR AGRSAIRAGG SSRAERCAGV HISDPYNVNL 430 440 450 460 470 480 PLHITSILSV PPNIISNVSL ARLTRGLECP ALQHRPSPAS GPGPGPGLGP GPPDEKLEAS 490 500 510 520 530 540 PASSPLADSG PDDLAPALED SLSQEVQDSF SFLEDSSSSE PEWVGAEDGE VAQAEAAGAA 550 560 570 580 590 600 FSPGEDDPGM GYLEELLGVG PQVEEFSVEP PLDDLSLDEA QFVLAPSCCS LDSAGPRPEV 610 620 630 640 650 660 EEENGEEVFL SAYDDLSPLL GPKPPIWKGS GSLEGEAAGC GRQALGQGGE EQACWEVGED 670 680 690 700 710 720 KQAEPGGRLD IREEAEGSPQ PPQPEEMEPE GQPSPDGCLC PCSLGLGGVG MRLASTLVQV 730 740 750 760 770 780 QQVRSVPVVP PKPQFAKMPS AMCSKIHVAP ANPCPRPGRL DGTPGERAWG SRASRSSWRN 790 800 810 820 830 840 GGSLSFDAAV ALARDRQRTE AQGVRRTQTC TEGGDYCLIP RTSPCSMISA HSPRPLSCLE 850 860 870 880 890 LPSEGAEGSG SRSRLSLPPR EPQVPDPLLS SQRRSYAFET QANPGKGEGL
	Isoform 3 [UniParc]. Checksum: 6D6430209E6081BF	FASTA	953	101,381
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MRHLVHMASF SAQTNMHARN LAIVWAPNLL RSKDIEASGF NGTAAFMEVR VQSIVVEFIL 70 80 90 100 110 120 THVDQLFGGA ALSGGEVESG WRSLPGTRAS GSPEDLMPRP LPYHLPSILQ AGDGPPQMRP 130 140 150 160 170 180 YHTIIEIAEH KRKGSLKVRK WRSIFNLGRS GHETKRKLPR GAEDREDKSN KGTLRPAKSM 190 200 210 220 230 240 DSLSAAAGAS DEPEGLVGPS SPRPSPLLPE SLENDSIEAA EGEQEPEAEA LGGTNSEPGT 250 260 270 280 290 300 PRAGRSAIRA GGSSRAERCA GVHISDPYNV NLPLHITSIL SVPPNIISNV SLARLTRGLE 310 320 330 340 350 360 CPALQHRPSP ASGPGPGPGL GPGPPDEKLE ASPASSPLAD SGPDDLAPAL EDSLSQEVQD 370 380 390 400 410 420 SFSFLEDSSS SEPEWVGAED GEVAQAEAAG AAFSPGEDDP GMGYLEELLG VGPQVEEFSV 430 440 450 460 470 480 EPPLDDLSLD EAQFVLAPSC CSLDSAGPRP EVEEENGEEV FLSAYDDLSP LLGPKPPIWK 490 500 510 520 530 540 GSGSLEGEAA GCGRQALGQG GEEQACWEVG EDKQAEPGGR LDIREEAEGS PETKVEAGKA 550 560 570 580 590 600 SEDRGEAGGS QETKVRLREG SREETEAKEE KSKGQKKADS MEAKGVEEPG GDEYTDEKEK 610 620 630 640 650 660 EIEREEDEQR EEAQVEAGRD LEQGAQEDQV AEEKWEVVQK QEAEGVREDE DKGQREKGYH 670 680 690 700 710 720 EARKDQGDGE DSRSPEAATE GGAGEVSKER ESGDGEAEGD QRAGGYYLEE DTLSEGSGVA 730 740 750 760 770 780 SLEVDCAKEG NPHSSEMEEV APQPPQPEEM EPEGQPSPDG CLCPCSLGLG GVGMRLASTL 790 800 810 820 830 840 VQVQQVRSVP VVPPKPQFAK MPSAMCSKIH VAPANPCPRP GRLDGTPGER AWGSRASRSS 850 860 870 880 890 900 WRNGGSLSFD AAVALARDRQ RTEAQGVRRT QTCTEGGDYC LIPRTSPCSM ISAHSPRPLS 910 920 930 940 950 CLELPSEGAE GSGSRSRLSL PPREPQVPDP LLSSQRRSYA FETQANPGKG EGL
	Isoform 4 [UniParc]. Checksum: 63C51237563EB79E	FASTA	243	27,515
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKSRQKGKKK GSAKERVFGC DLQEHLQHSG QEVPQVLKSC AEFVEEYGVV DGIYRLSGVS 70 80 90 100 110 120 SNIQKLRQEF ESERKPDLRR DVYLQDIHCV SSLCKAYFRE LPDPLLTYRL YDKFAEAVGV 130 140 150 160 170 180 QLEPERLVKI LEVLRELPVP NYRTLEFLMR HLVHMASFSA QTNMHARNLA IVWAPNLLRS 190 200 210 220 230 240 KDIEASGFNG TAAFMEVRVQ SIVVEFILTH VDQLFGGAAL SGQCPPCPPH IPLLGSQVSY SEP

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"The nucleotide sequence of a long cDNA clone isolated from human spleen." Jikuya H., Takano J., Nomura N., Kikuno R., Nagase T., Ohara O. Submitted (APR-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Spleen.
[2]	"The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium." Bechtel S., Rosenfelder H., Duda A., Schmidt C.P., Ernst U., Wellenreuther R., Mehrle A., Schuster C., Bahr A., Bloecker H., Heubner D., Hoerlein A., Michel G., Wedler H., Koehrer K., Ottenwaelder B., Poustka A., Wiemann S., Schupp I. BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 4), VARIANT VAL-591. Tissue: Endometrium.
[3]	"The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1." Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K. , Atkinson A., Cooper R., Jones C., Hall R.E., Andrews T.D., Lloyd C., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Anderson F., Andrew R.W., Ashwell R.I.S., Aubin K., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Beasley H., Bethel G., Bird C.P., Bray-Allen S., Brown J.Y., Brown A.J., Buckley D., Burton J., Bye J., Carder C., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C., Cobley V., Collier R.E., Corby N., Coville G.J., Davies J., Deadman R., Dunn M., Earthrowl M., Ellington A.G., Errington H., Frankish A., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Gay L., Ghori M.R.J., Gibson R., Gilby L.M., Gillett W., Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths-Jones S., Grocock R., Hammond S., Harrison E.S.I., Hart E., Haugen E., Heath P.D., Holmes S., Holt K., Howden P.J., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Hunter G., Isherwood J., James R., Johnson C., Johnson D., Joy A., Kay M., Kershaw J.K., Kibukawa M., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A.J., Lad H., Laird G., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., Lush M.J., Lyne R., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Matthews N.S.W., McLaren S., Milne S., Mistry S., Moore M.J.F., Nickerson T., O'Dell C.N., Oliver K., Palmeiri A., Palmer S.A., Parker A., Patel D., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phelps K., Phillimore B.J., Plumb R., Rajan J., Raymond C., Rouse G., Saenphimmachak C., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C., Subramanian S., Sycamore N., Tracey A., Tromans A., Van Helmond Z., Wall M., Wallis J.M., White S., Whitehead S.L., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams H., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Wu Z., Coulson A., Vaudin M., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Wooster R., Dunham I., Carter N.P., McVean G., Ross M.T., Harrow J., Olson M.V., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R. Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 1-744 (ISOFORM 3), VARIANTS LEU-70 AND VAL-591. Tissue: Blood and Testis.
[5]	"Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry." Brill L.M., Salomon A.R., Ficarro S.B., Mukherji M., Stettler-Gill M., Peters E.C. Anal. Chem. 76:2763-2772(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell.
[6]	"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-996, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell.
[7]	"Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
[8]	"ARHGAP30 is a Wrch-1-interacting protein involved in actin dynamics and cell adhesion." Naji L., Pacholsky D., Aspenstrom P. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 409:96-102(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH RHOU, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, ALTERNATIVE SPLICING (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2).

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AK160366 mRNA. Translation: BAD18709.1. Different initiation. BX537846 mRNA. Translation: CAD97855.1. AL591806 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI15373.1. Sequence problems. AL591806 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI15374.1. AL591806 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI15375.1. Sequence problems. BC043387 mRNA. Translation: AAH43387.1. Sequence problems. BC053688 mRNA. Translation: AAH53688.1.
IPI	IPI00376321. IPI00619938. IPI00829903. IPI00830067.
RefSeq	NP_001020769.1. NM_001025598.1. NP_859071.2. NM_181720.2.
UniGene	Hs.389374.
3D structure databases
HSSP	HSSP built from PDB template 1XA6 based on UniProtKB P52757.
ProteinModelPortal	Q7Z6I6.
SMR	Q7Z6I6. Positions 16-217.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q7Z6I6. 3 interactions.
STRING	9606.ENSP00000356992.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q7Z6I6.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	134035020.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	Q7Z6I6.
PRIDE	Q7Z6I6.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000368013; ENSP00000356992; ENSG00000186517. ENST00000368015; ENSP00000356994; ENSG00000186517. ENST00000368016; ENSP00000356995; ENSG00000186517.
GeneID	257106.
KEGG	hsa:257106.
UCSC	uc001fxk.3. human. uc001fxl.3. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	257106.
GeneCards	GC01M161016.
H-InvDB	HIX0001227.
HGNC	HGNC:27414. ARHGAP30.
HPA	HPA036300.
MIM	614264. gene.
neXtProt	NX_Q7Z6I6.
PharmGKB	PA142672585.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG238609.
HOVERGEN	HBG093897.
InParanoid	Q7Z6I6.
OMA	PANPCPR.
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactome	REACT_111102. Signal Transduction.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q7Z6I6.
Bgee	Q7Z6I6.
CleanEx	HS_ARHGAP30.
Genevestigator	Q7Z6I6.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	1.10.555.10. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR008936. Rho_GTPase_activation_prot. IPR000198. RhoGAP_dom. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00620. RhoGAP. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00324. RhoGAP. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF48350. Rho_GAP. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS50238. RHOGAP. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
GenomeRNAi	257106.
NextBio	92934.
PMAP-CutDB	Q7Z6I6.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

RHG30_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q7Z6I6
Secondary accession number(s): Q5SY52 , Q5SY53, Q5SY54, Q6ZML6, Q7Z3J8, Q86XI7

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	March 20, 2007
Last sequence update:	May 31, 2011
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 76 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.